ZA27合金及其复合材料的半固态非枝晶组织制备研究
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摘要
本文分别以ZA27合金和SiC_p/ZA27复合材料为研究对象,以K_2ZrF_6为变质剂,
    采用半固态等温热处理的方法,研究了ZA27合金的相变、Zr含量对ZA27合金半
    固态组织影响以及对演变速率的影响和SiC_p/ZA27复合材料的组织演变过程。
     结果发现,ZA27合金经0.01~1%Zr处理时,随Zr含量的增加,生成的Zr(Al,Zn)_3
    高熔点化合物增多,促进初生相非均质形核,使初生相得以细化。在460℃保温30min
    时,Zr含量越高,铸态组织越细小,越容易熔化,非枝晶化的速率越快,所获得
    的半固态组织越细小,半固态极限尺寸越小。当Zr含量达到0.04%时,就能获得
    符合触变成形所需的半固态组织。但Zr量超过0.2%时,圆整度下降,Zr含量为0.2%
    时,其半固态组织的圆整度最好。
     0.4%Zr处理的ZA27合金在半固态等温热处理时,主要发生了以下相变:首先
    是晶界处或枝晶臂间的共晶组织η相中的Zn原子和初生α'相的Al原子通过β
    相互相扩散溶解,分别生成富Zn和富Al的过饱和固溶体,经淬火保留到室温,
    又分别发生分解反应:β→β+η,α'→α+η。随着保温时间的延长,10min后,
    成分已均匀化,基本上成为单相组织,未溶于α'相的共晶η相和β相中的η相开
    始熔化。10~20min,η相熔化数量增多且彼此连接,把块状组织分成了许多小的
    近球状组织。20min后,温度趋于恒定,再没有什么特殊的相变,固、液两相处
    于动态平衡中。
     另外,0.6%Zr处理的SiC_p/ZA27复合材料在460℃保温30~40min时,可以获
    得组织细小、圆整度好的半固态非枝晶组织。其组织的演变同ZA27合金的演变相
    似,由于SiC_p的加入,阻碍了晶粒的合并,避免了均一的大组织的形成,增加了
    位错密度,加速了原子的扩散。因此,复合材料的演变速率快与基体合金。SiCp/ZA27
    复合材料的组织粗化现象不如基体合金明显。
Both effects of Zr on semi梥olid structure of ZA27, its evolutional rate
     and transformation , and structural evolution of SiC~/ZA27 composite were
     investigated during semi梥olid isothermal heat treatment, with K2ZrF6as a
     modifier.
     As a result, with the increasing of Zr content, more Zr(Al, Zn)3 compounds
     with high melting point were obtained , which promoted the heteronucleus of
     primary phase and made it finer. The higher the content of Zr was, the finer
     the as梒ast structure was, the easier the melting was , the faster the
     evolution of non梔endritized structure was, the smaller the semi梥olid
     structure and its extreme dimension were .Setnisolid structure suitable to
     thixoforming was obtained when Zr reached 0. 04%. But roundness decreased when
     Zr was over 0. 2%, thus the roundness of semisolid structure with 0. 2%Zrwas
     best.
     ?Such transformations of ZA27 alloy with 0.4% Zr were as follows during
     semi梥olid isothermal heat treatment. Zn atoms in rjphase of eutectic on
     boundary or between dendritic arms and Al atoms in a - phase dissolved each
     other through P phase. Zn梤ich and Al梤ich supersaturated solid solution
     were formed and kept unchanged to room temperature by quenching , such
     decompositions -.P+rl, a 棏~a+~occurred sequentially. Composition
     homogenized and single phase was formed after 10 mm. rlphase undissolved
     into a - phase and in P phase began melting. llith the increasing and
     connecting with each other of melting riphase, block structures were divided
     into many small near globular particles within 10?0 mm. There were no
     special transformations with temperature unchanged after 20mm. The solid
     and liquid lay in dynamic equilibrium.
     Moreover, semi梥olid non梔endritic structure with fine structure and
     better rounder of SiC~/ZA27 composite was obtained at 460 Cfor 30?0min.
     Addition of SiC~ can prevent annexation of particles and formation of
     homogenous big structure, increase density of dislocation and make diffusion
     of atoms faster. Thus evolutional rate of SiC,/ZA27 composite was faster than
     that of ZA27 alloy. Structural coarsing of SiC~/ZA27 composite was not more
     apparent than that of ZA27 alloy.
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