大麦条纹病病原生物学及药剂防治研究
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摘要
1. 2008～2009年对甘肃省各地大麦种植区大麦条纹病症状表现和发病情况进行了调查,结果表明,景泰县上沙窝村发病最严重,大麦条纹病发病率为88﹪,病情指数为36.67。该病在大麦不同部位上引起的症状不同,将其归纳为4种症状类型:1幼苗型,2条纹型,3锁口型,4白穗型。经对大麦条纹病发病部位进行分离培养,致病性测定等确定了引起大麦条纹病的致病菌为禾内脐蠕孢(Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.)
2 .对大麦条纹病的病原菌禾内脐蠕孢( Drechslera graminea(Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.)的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,温度、pH、培养基、碳源、氮源对菌丝生长都有一定的影响。菌丝的适宜培养基是马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA),菌丝的最适生长温度是25℃,最适pH是7。蔗糖和可溶性淀粉是适宜的碳源,甘氨酸和硝酸钠是适宜的氮源。光周期对菌丝生长速率没有明显影响。该病原菌在常用培养基上均不产孢。
3.在室内研究了9种杀菌剂对大麦条纹病病原菌禾内脐蠕孢(Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.)的抑菌作用。结果表明所选9种杀菌剂对病原菌的生长均有抑制作用,但不同药剂之间有差异。10%浸种灵乳油、40%金力士(Colex)乳油、10%世高(score)水分散粒剂、12.5%禾果利(diniconazole)乳油和3%敌萎丹(Dividend )悬浮种衣剂5种杀菌剂对禾内脐蠕孢具有极强的毒力,15%三唑酮(Triadmefon)可湿性粉剂、菌警(Ethylicin )水剂抑菌效果较好,但不如前者效果明显,而50%多菌灵(Carbendazim)可湿性粉剂、70%代森猛锌(Mancozeb)可湿性粉剂对在离体条件下培养的禾内脐蠕孢菌抑制作用较差。
4.通过室内发芽率试验,确定不同药剂处理大麦种子对发芽率的影响不明显,田间药剂防治研究各药剂对大麦条纹病的防治效果及对大麦生长发育的影响。试验结果表明:浸种灵种衣剂可提高大麦的出苗率,调控幼苗生长,株高,根长,鲜重均显著增加。敌委丹SC,浸种灵EC和浸种灵种衣剂对大麦条纹病的防治效果分别为88.22%,84.48%和86.09%,均增产30%左右。
1. Symptoms and incidence of barley leaf stripe disease in several districts of Gansu province were investigated in 2008-2009.The results showed that the incidence in Shangshawo Village,JintaiCountry, was 83.33%, the disease index was 36.67,which is the most serious field.The disease caused different symptoms on different position of barley. four types of symptoms on the barley were observed: seedling blight, leaf stripe,.no-ear and white ear.The chief pathogen, according to their morphology, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity, was identified as Drechslera graminea(Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.
2.The biological characteristics of Drechslera graminea (Rabenh)Shoem., the pathogenic fungus of barley leaf stripe was studied. The results showed that the temperature, pH, culture medium, carbon sources and nitrogen sources can promote the mycelial growth. The optimal growth temperature and pH were 25℃and 7, respectively. PSA and PDA media were the suitable media. Sucrose and soluble starch were the suitable carbon sources while Glycine and NaNO3 were the optimum nitrogen sources. However, it was showed that photoperiod had no effect on the mycelial growth. No spore was observed on any medium provided in this research.
3. In this study, we investigated the antiseptic effects of nine kinds of germicide against Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem. The results showed that all of them have negative effects on the growth of pathogen,but there are differences among them. Five germicide named 10%Jinzhonglinruyou、40% Colex、10% score、12.5% diniconazole and 3% Dividend are extremely poisonous to Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem. 15% Triadmefon、Ethylicin have less but also efficient antiseptic outcome,however, 50% Carbendazim、70% Mancozeb don,t have any effects to the Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem. in vitro.
4. In this study, the experiment showed that there is no effect on the germination percentage of barley among different dosage of different fungicides under indoor experiments. In field fungicides test to control the Drechslera graminea (Rabenh)Shoem by different fungicide treatment, the results demonstrated that Jinzhonglin could inhibite the germination percentage of Drechslera graminea (Rabenh)Shoem and improve the growth of plants, remote root length and fresh weight of barley effectely. The control effects of Dividend SC,Jinzhongling EC and Jinzhongling SC to barley leaf stripe are 88.22%, 84.48% and 86.09%, respectively.
2 .对大麦条纹病的病原菌禾内脐蠕孢( Drechslera graminea(Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.)的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,温度、pH、培养基、碳源、氮源对菌丝生长都有一定的影响。菌丝的适宜培养基是马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基(PSA)和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA),菌丝的最适生长温度是25℃,最适pH是7。蔗糖和可溶性淀粉是适宜的碳源,甘氨酸和硝酸钠是适宜的氮源。光周期对菌丝生长速率没有明显影响。该病原菌在常用培养基上均不产孢。
3.在室内研究了9种杀菌剂对大麦条纹病病原菌禾内脐蠕孢(Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.)的抑菌作用。结果表明所选9种杀菌剂对病原菌的生长均有抑制作用,但不同药剂之间有差异。10%浸种灵乳油、40%金力士(Colex)乳油、10%世高(score)水分散粒剂、12.5%禾果利(diniconazole)乳油和3%敌萎丹(Dividend )悬浮种衣剂5种杀菌剂对禾内脐蠕孢具有极强的毒力,15%三唑酮(Triadmefon)可湿性粉剂、菌警(Ethylicin )水剂抑菌效果较好,但不如前者效果明显,而50%多菌灵(Carbendazim)可湿性粉剂、70%代森猛锌(Mancozeb)可湿性粉剂对在离体条件下培养的禾内脐蠕孢菌抑制作用较差。
4.通过室内发芽率试验,确定不同药剂处理大麦种子对发芽率的影响不明显,田间药剂防治研究各药剂对大麦条纹病的防治效果及对大麦生长发育的影响。试验结果表明:浸种灵种衣剂可提高大麦的出苗率,调控幼苗生长,株高,根长,鲜重均显著增加。敌委丹SC,浸种灵EC和浸种灵种衣剂对大麦条纹病的防治效果分别为88.22%,84.48%和86.09%,均增产30%左右。
1. Symptoms and incidence of barley leaf stripe disease in several districts of Gansu province were investigated in 2008-2009.The results showed that the incidence in Shangshawo Village,JintaiCountry, was 83.33%, the disease index was 36.67,which is the most serious field.The disease caused different symptoms on different position of barley. four types of symptoms on the barley were observed: seedling blight, leaf stripe,.no-ear and white ear.The chief pathogen, according to their morphology, cultural characteristics and pathogenicity, was identified as Drechslera graminea(Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem.
2.The biological characteristics of Drechslera graminea (Rabenh)Shoem., the pathogenic fungus of barley leaf stripe was studied. The results showed that the temperature, pH, culture medium, carbon sources and nitrogen sources can promote the mycelial growth. The optimal growth temperature and pH were 25℃and 7, respectively. PSA and PDA media were the suitable media. Sucrose and soluble starch were the suitable carbon sources while Glycine and NaNO3 were the optimum nitrogen sources. However, it was showed that photoperiod had no effect on the mycelial growth. No spore was observed on any medium provided in this research.
3. In this study, we investigated the antiseptic effects of nine kinds of germicide against Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem. The results showed that all of them have negative effects on the growth of pathogen,but there are differences among them. Five germicide named 10%Jinzhonglinruyou、40% Colex、10% score、12.5% diniconazole and 3% Dividend are extremely poisonous to Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem. 15% Triadmefon、Ethylicin have less but also efficient antiseptic outcome,however, 50% Carbendazim、70% Mancozeb don,t have any effects to the Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.ex Schlecht.)Shoem. in vitro.
4. In this study, the experiment showed that there is no effect on the germination percentage of barley among different dosage of different fungicides under indoor experiments. In field fungicides test to control the Drechslera graminea (Rabenh)Shoem by different fungicide treatment, the results demonstrated that Jinzhonglin could inhibite the germination percentage of Drechslera graminea (Rabenh)Shoem and improve the growth of plants, remote root length and fresh weight of barley effectely. The control effects of Dividend SC,Jinzhongling EC and Jinzhongling SC to barley leaf stripe are 88.22%, 84.48% and 86.09%, respectively.
引文
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