双连拱隧道模型试验研究
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摘要
我国在高等级公路的建设中,在特殊地质及地形条件受限的地区,为了高速公路线型及展线的需要,同时为了获得良好的技术经济效果,常常选择连拱结构的隧道方案。目前我国已建成相当数量的连拱隧道,但在连拱隧道建设及运营中往往存在一些问题,如施工方法单一、施工力学不甚明确,缺乏较为系统的可借鉴的设计施工理论。
论文以广惠高速公路小金口双连拱隧道工程为背景,以几何相似比C_L=25容重相似比C_γ=1为基础相似比,以围岩类别进行分组,实现在弹性范围内各控制性物理力学参数的全相似性,对围岩特征、物性、原始地应力场、支护结构刚度和支护时机、开挖步骤进行了严格的相似模拟,完成了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中,中导坑.双侧壁三导坑法、双洞双侧壁导坑法、中导坑-正洞台阶法和中导坑-正洞全断面法施工方法下不同支护参数共18组的施工全过程相似模型试验,得出了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中各种施工方法的洞室周边径向位移、锚杆轴力、围岩与支护间压力以及二次衬砌的内力。并采用有限元法对小金口双连拱隧道洞身段施工全过程的二维数值模拟分析,完成了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中,四种开挖方法共5组连拱隧道的施工全过程弹塑性数值模拟分析。最后总结全文,提出了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中小金口双连拱隧道的合理施工方法及其相应支护结构的受力特点。
When constructing senior highways in China, the project of double-arch tunnel is often adopted in special geologic and limited topography districts in order to meet the need of road type and outspreading road, to get better technological and economical purpose. At present considerable amount twin-bore tunnels have been constructed in our country. But there are many problems in the construction and mobilization of the double-arch tunnels such as construction method is single, construction mechanics not defmitude and the theory of design and construction that we can make for reference is scarce.Based on the Xiaojinkou double-arch tunnel engineering of the Guanghui highway, taking geometric similarity ratio Cl=25 and bulk density similarity ratio Cγ=1 as basic similarity ratio and grouping according to class of surrounding rock, so as to achieve complete similarity of various controlled physical and mechanical parameters in the elastic range and strictly simulate the characteristic of surrounding rock, physical property, original earth stress field, stiffness of support structures and support time, excavation process . 18 groups of similar modeling tests of whole construction process are completed for class II and III surrounding rock with such four construction methods as middle-pilot-and -lateral-pilots, double-section-and-lateral-pilots, middle-pilot-and-half-section and middle-pilot-and-full-section. To study the results of every boring method, the results of the tunnel convergence, the inner force of anchor pipe, the stress between the surrounding rock and support and inner force of liner are gained in the difference construction method in class II and III surrounding rock. And adopting FEM to carry out 2D numerical simulation analysis on whole construction of Xiaojinkou double-arch tunnel body section, completing 5 groups of elastic-plastic numerical simulation analysis on whole construction process in class II and III surrounding rock with the four construction methods mentioned above. At last, the thesis draw the conclusion of reasonable construction technology of Xiaojinkou double-arch tunnel in class II and III surrounding rock and the mechanic property of the support.
论文以广惠高速公路小金口双连拱隧道工程为背景,以几何相似比C_L=25容重相似比C_γ=1为基础相似比,以围岩类别进行分组,实现在弹性范围内各控制性物理力学参数的全相似性,对围岩特征、物性、原始地应力场、支护结构刚度和支护时机、开挖步骤进行了严格的相似模拟,完成了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中,中导坑.双侧壁三导坑法、双洞双侧壁导坑法、中导坑-正洞台阶法和中导坑-正洞全断面法施工方法下不同支护参数共18组的施工全过程相似模型试验,得出了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中各种施工方法的洞室周边径向位移、锚杆轴力、围岩与支护间压力以及二次衬砌的内力。并采用有限元法对小金口双连拱隧道洞身段施工全过程的二维数值模拟分析,完成了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中,四种开挖方法共5组连拱隧道的施工全过程弹塑性数值模拟分析。最后总结全文,提出了Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中小金口双连拱隧道的合理施工方法及其相应支护结构的受力特点。
When constructing senior highways in China, the project of double-arch tunnel is often adopted in special geologic and limited topography districts in order to meet the need of road type and outspreading road, to get better technological and economical purpose. At present considerable amount twin-bore tunnels have been constructed in our country. But there are many problems in the construction and mobilization of the double-arch tunnels such as construction method is single, construction mechanics not defmitude and the theory of design and construction that we can make for reference is scarce.Based on the Xiaojinkou double-arch tunnel engineering of the Guanghui highway, taking geometric similarity ratio Cl=25 and bulk density similarity ratio Cγ=1 as basic similarity ratio and grouping according to class of surrounding rock, so as to achieve complete similarity of various controlled physical and mechanical parameters in the elastic range and strictly simulate the characteristic of surrounding rock, physical property, original earth stress field, stiffness of support structures and support time, excavation process . 18 groups of similar modeling tests of whole construction process are completed for class II and III surrounding rock with such four construction methods as middle-pilot-and -lateral-pilots, double-section-and-lateral-pilots, middle-pilot-and-half-section and middle-pilot-and-full-section. To study the results of every boring method, the results of the tunnel convergence, the inner force of anchor pipe, the stress between the surrounding rock and support and inner force of liner are gained in the difference construction method in class II and III surrounding rock. And adopting FEM to carry out 2D numerical simulation analysis on whole construction of Xiaojinkou double-arch tunnel body section, completing 5 groups of elastic-plastic numerical simulation analysis on whole construction process in class II and III surrounding rock with the four construction methods mentioned above. At last, the thesis draw the conclusion of reasonable construction technology of Xiaojinkou double-arch tunnel in class II and III surrounding rock and the mechanic property of the support.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国行业标准,JTG D70-2004公路隧道设计规范.中华人民共和国发布,人民交通出版社发行,2004
[2] 西南交大隧道教研室.相似理论与模型试验.西南交通大学出版社
[3] 袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验.西南交通大学出版社.1997
[4] 赵玉光.小金口连拱隧道综合修建技术研究.西南交通大学,2003
[5] 申玉生.赵玉光.高红兵,连拱隧道结构内力样式的模型试验研究及有限元分析,现代隧道技术,2005,42(1)
[6] 林刚,何川.连拱公路隧道支护结构体系试验研究.西南交通大学学报,2004,39(3)
[7] 林刚,何川.连拱公路隧道施工方法模型试验研究.现代隧道技术,2004,40(6)
[8] 林刚,何川.双连拱公路隧道合理施工方法试验研究.2003年全国公路隧道学术会议论文集,人民交通出版社,2003
[9] 周生国,黄伦海,蒋树屏等.黄土连拱隧道施工方法模型试验研究.地下空间与工程学报.2005,1(2)
[10] 曾亚武,赵震英.地下洞室模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增)
[11] 潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法.中国铁道出版社,1995
[12] 李志业.地下结构设计原理与方法.西南交通大学出版社,1999
[13] 钟桂彤.铁路隧道.中国铁道出版社,2000
[14] 关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集.人民交通出版社,2003
[15] 关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集.人民交通出版社,2004
[16] 关宝树.隧道力学概论.西南交通大学出版社,1993
[17] 孙钧.地下工程设计理论与实践.上海科学技术出版社,1996
[18] 朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用.中国水利水电出版社,1998.10
[19] 吴家龙.弹性力学.同济大学出版社,1992
[20] 杨建民.金竹林双连拱公路隧道设计,世界隧道,2000 (2),44—50
[21] 王凤忠,黄祚琼、许燕锋,连拱隧道施工技术,现代隧道技术,2001,38(6)
[22] 赵三堆,高速公路双跨连拱隧道施工,铁道建筑技术,2000年,第5期
[23] 郭小红,小金口隧道施工设计图,中交二院,2001
[24] 杨宏波、曾恕辉,浅谈公路双跨连拱隧道中墙施工技术,现代隧道技术,2001.12
[25] 铁路工程设计技术手册,隧道,铁二院主编,中国铁道出版社,1999
[26] 龚曙光、谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,机械工业出版社,2004
[27] 叶先磊、史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例,清华大学出版社,2003
[28] 陈精一等.电脑辅助工程分析—ANSYS使用指南,中国铁道出版社,2001
[29] 陈少华、李勇,连拱隧道的结构分析,中国公路学报,2001.1
[30] 夏才初、刘金磊,相思岭连拱隧道中墙应力研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2000.6
[31] 彭定超、袁勇、章勇武,开挖施工方式对连拱隧道中墙影响的空间分析,现代隧道技术,2002.2
[32] 贾永刚、王明年,连拱隧道两种方法的施工力学分析,隧道建设,2004.2
[33] 周玉宏、赵燕明、程崇国,连拱隧道施工方案的应力分析,公路交通技术,2003.6
[34] 王福柱、马锁柱、张振刚、谭忠诚,浅埋暗挖双连拱隧道施工力学分析,铁道建筑,2003年第8期
[35] 余晓琳、黄小华、彭立敏,软弱围岩条件下连拱隧道施工阶段的受力分析,西部探矿工程,2002年第4期
[36] 胡学兵、乔玉英,小团山大断面公路隧道稳定性数值模拟分析,重庆交通学院院报,2002.12
[37] 高军,大跨隧道初期支护稳定性分析,矿山压力与顶班管理,2002.1
[38] 王明年、张建华,工程措施对控制隧道围岩变形的力学效果研究,岩土工程学报,1998.9
[39] 李志业、王明年、何川,大跨度地下结构不同施工方法对围岩力学行为的影响,西南交通大学学报,1996.12
[40] 吴洪涛,复杂地质条件下隧道施工方法及其力学分析,隧道建设,2000年第1期
[41] 曾小清、孙钧、曹志远,隧道工程施工过程中的力学分析,同济大学学报,1998.10
[42] 田尚志.近接隧道施工技术模型试验.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2000
[43] 李晓洪.软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工力学研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002
[44] 林刚.连拱公路隧道的合理施工方法研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002
[45] 李玉文.连拱隧道中墙形式研究.西南交通大学工程硕士学位论文,2004
[46] 符宾宾.软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工过程的数值模拟研究.西南交通大学工程硕士学位论文,2005
[47] Charlton, T. M., Model of Structures, E. &F. N. Spon Limited, London, 1954
[48] Gajanan, M. Sabnis et al., Structure Modeling and Experiment Techniques, Prentie-Hall, 1983
[49] Fung YC, Foundations of the Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall,Inc,1965
[50] Srinath LS,Advanced Mechanics of Elacticity,TATA,McGraw-Hill,1980
[51] Reismann H and Pawlik P.S,Elacticity Theory and Application.John Wiley and Sons,1980
[52] J.E.Friant, Mixshield Masters Ddifficult Conditions in Mulheim, Word Tunnelling, 1995.5
[53] J.T.Edwards.CivilEngineering for Underground Rail Transport, Botterworths,1990
[54] Zhang Mi & Pan Jieliang, An Expert System of Predicting and Preventing Surface Settlement Caused by Shield Driven Tunenelling in city, Proceedings of the International Conference'89 on Expert System in Engineering Applications, Hauzhong University of Science and Technology Press, 1989
[55] H.Duddeck, Application of Numerical analysis for Tunnelling International Jkurnal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geotechniscs, Vol.15,1991,223-239
[56] Zhao,Y.,Principal Conversion For Rocks Mass Classification System Used at Home and Abroad. Bulletin of the International Association of Engeering Geology, 1995
[57] Hoek,E.and E.T.Brown.,Underground Excavations in Rock London.The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980
[58] Sokonikoff IS.Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, 2nded.McGraw-Hill Book Co.,N.Y.,1970
[2] 西南交大隧道教研室.相似理论与模型试验.西南交通大学出版社
[3] 袁文忠.相似理论与静力学模型试验.西南交通大学出版社.1997
[4] 赵玉光.小金口连拱隧道综合修建技术研究.西南交通大学,2003
[5] 申玉生.赵玉光.高红兵,连拱隧道结构内力样式的模型试验研究及有限元分析,现代隧道技术,2005,42(1)
[6] 林刚,何川.连拱公路隧道支护结构体系试验研究.西南交通大学学报,2004,39(3)
[7] 林刚,何川.连拱公路隧道施工方法模型试验研究.现代隧道技术,2004,40(6)
[8] 林刚,何川.双连拱公路隧道合理施工方法试验研究.2003年全国公路隧道学术会议论文集,人民交通出版社,2003
[9] 周生国,黄伦海,蒋树屏等.黄土连拱隧道施工方法模型试验研究.地下空间与工程学报.2005,1(2)
[10] 曾亚武,赵震英.地下洞室模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增)
[11] 潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法.中国铁道出版社,1995
[12] 李志业.地下结构设计原理与方法.西南交通大学出版社,1999
[13] 钟桂彤.铁路隧道.中国铁道出版社,2000
[14] 关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集.人民交通出版社,2003
[15] 关宝树.隧道工程设计要点集.人民交通出版社,2004
[16] 关宝树.隧道力学概论.西南交通大学出版社,1993
[17] 孙钧.地下工程设计理论与实践.上海科学技术出版社,1996
[18] 朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用.中国水利水电出版社,1998.10
[19] 吴家龙.弹性力学.同济大学出版社,1992
[20] 杨建民.金竹林双连拱公路隧道设计,世界隧道,2000 (2),44—50
[21] 王凤忠,黄祚琼、许燕锋,连拱隧道施工技术,现代隧道技术,2001,38(6)
[22] 赵三堆,高速公路双跨连拱隧道施工,铁道建筑技术,2000年,第5期
[23] 郭小红,小金口隧道施工设计图,中交二院,2001
[24] 杨宏波、曾恕辉,浅谈公路双跨连拱隧道中墙施工技术,现代隧道技术,2001.12
[25] 铁路工程设计技术手册,隧道,铁二院主编,中国铁道出版社,1999
[26] 龚曙光、谢桂兰.ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程,机械工业出版社,2004
[27] 叶先磊、史亚杰.ANSYS工程分析软件应用实例,清华大学出版社,2003
[28] 陈精一等.电脑辅助工程分析—ANSYS使用指南,中国铁道出版社,2001
[29] 陈少华、李勇,连拱隧道的结构分析,中国公路学报,2001.1
[30] 夏才初、刘金磊,相思岭连拱隧道中墙应力研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2000.6
[31] 彭定超、袁勇、章勇武,开挖施工方式对连拱隧道中墙影响的空间分析,现代隧道技术,2002.2
[32] 贾永刚、王明年,连拱隧道两种方法的施工力学分析,隧道建设,2004.2
[33] 周玉宏、赵燕明、程崇国,连拱隧道施工方案的应力分析,公路交通技术,2003.6
[34] 王福柱、马锁柱、张振刚、谭忠诚,浅埋暗挖双连拱隧道施工力学分析,铁道建筑,2003年第8期
[35] 余晓琳、黄小华、彭立敏,软弱围岩条件下连拱隧道施工阶段的受力分析,西部探矿工程,2002年第4期
[36] 胡学兵、乔玉英,小团山大断面公路隧道稳定性数值模拟分析,重庆交通学院院报,2002.12
[37] 高军,大跨隧道初期支护稳定性分析,矿山压力与顶班管理,2002.1
[38] 王明年、张建华,工程措施对控制隧道围岩变形的力学效果研究,岩土工程学报,1998.9
[39] 李志业、王明年、何川,大跨度地下结构不同施工方法对围岩力学行为的影响,西南交通大学学报,1996.12
[40] 吴洪涛,复杂地质条件下隧道施工方法及其力学分析,隧道建设,2000年第1期
[41] 曾小清、孙钧、曹志远,隧道工程施工过程中的力学分析,同济大学学报,1998.10
[42] 田尚志.近接隧道施工技术模型试验.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2000
[43] 李晓洪.软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工力学研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002
[44] 林刚.连拱公路隧道的合理施工方法研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002
[45] 李玉文.连拱隧道中墙形式研究.西南交通大学工程硕士学位论文,2004
[46] 符宾宾.软弱围岩双连拱隧道施工过程的数值模拟研究.西南交通大学工程硕士学位论文,2005
[47] Charlton, T. M., Model of Structures, E. &F. N. Spon Limited, London, 1954
[48] Gajanan, M. Sabnis et al., Structure Modeling and Experiment Techniques, Prentie-Hall, 1983
[49] Fung YC, Foundations of the Solid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall,Inc,1965
[50] Srinath LS,Advanced Mechanics of Elacticity,TATA,McGraw-Hill,1980
[51] Reismann H and Pawlik P.S,Elacticity Theory and Application.John Wiley and Sons,1980
[52] J.E.Friant, Mixshield Masters Ddifficult Conditions in Mulheim, Word Tunnelling, 1995.5
[53] J.T.Edwards.CivilEngineering for Underground Rail Transport, Botterworths,1990
[54] Zhang Mi & Pan Jieliang, An Expert System of Predicting and Preventing Surface Settlement Caused by Shield Driven Tunenelling in city, Proceedings of the International Conference'89 on Expert System in Engineering Applications, Hauzhong University of Science and Technology Press, 1989
[55] H.Duddeck, Application of Numerical analysis for Tunnelling International Jkurnal for Numerical&Analytical Methods in Geotechniscs, Vol.15,1991,223-239
[56] Zhao,Y.,Principal Conversion For Rocks Mass Classification System Used at Home and Abroad. Bulletin of the International Association of Engeering Geology, 1995
[57] Hoek,E.and E.T.Brown.,Underground Excavations in Rock London.The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 1980
[58] Sokonikoff IS.Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, 2nded.McGraw-Hill Book Co.,N.Y.,1970