基于二维信息的虚拟立体建模技术的研究
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摘要
在对新型产品的开发与研制中，常在立项研究和概念设计阶段就需要进行干涉检查、物性计算、机构分析、运动学和动力学分析、真实感显示等试验与测试。上述分析、试验、测试等过程都离不开对三维虚拟立体模型的建立与研究。
由三视图组成的工程图，是用二维信息完整地表达三维物体的通用工具。由于直接建立三维立体模型过程复杂，因此有必要在工程图与三维模型之间建立一种对应关系，自动地将二维工程图转换为三维立体模型。
一个三维形体可以认为是由一系列基本特征形体组合而成的，因此从二维信息建立三维模型的关键就是如何识别出二维信息中所包含的三维特征信息。
本文在介绍和分析前人有关三维立体重建的研究算法的主要思想及其优缺点的基础上，提出一种基于二维三视图DXF图形数据进行三维特征识别的三维虚拟立体建模方法。
通过对三视图的DXF图形数据的结构分析，获取了相关的二维图形信息，并按特征建模的要求对各视图的二维图元进行识别和分类，以利于三维特征的有效识别。
对DXF文件提供的数据进行预处理，对三视图进行自动分离，并确定投影中心，使得三维立体特征的识别难度降低，提高了算法的识别效率。
根据工程图的投影规则，制定出了基于二维工程图的三维立体特征识别的规则和过程，从体的角度，同时结合二维图元信息进行三维特征识别。
利用三维特征形体布尔运算的重建方法，用OpenGL技术在Windows Visual C++ 6.0环境进行三维特征重建，使重建的结果易于在后续研究和实验中广泛深入地应用。
本方法是从通用的三视图中提取三维特征信息，并对二维信息进行了预处理，在实现过程中采用了OpenGL技术，因此本文所提出的方法具有普适性和实用性。
When a new product is designed in the ideas and studied whether it would be developed, we hope that it can be trialed and tested such as intervene checked, property calculated, framework and kinematics and dynamics analyzed, third dimension showed. Modeling 3D virtual solid is the base of the studies, trails and tests.
The engineering drawing, made up of the three views, have been a general method expressing the 3D solid completely with 2D information in engineering project. Modeling 3D solid is intricacy, so it is necessary that a conversion is set up from engineering drawings to 3D solid model.
A 3D solid is made up of a series of 3D features, so the key task is how to recognize the 3D feature information from 2D drawing data.
After studied the algorithms of the previous scholars, the paper brings forwards a method about 3D reconstruction of virtual solid, based on feature-recognition from the DXF drawing data of 2D orthographic views.
The paper analyzes the framework about the data of DXF drawing, and gets the 2D drawing information, and sorts the drawing elements in order to recognize 3D features conveniently.
The DXF data of 2D information are preprocessed, the three views are recognized automatically, and the project center is found, so the difficulties of feature reconstruction are depressed and the efficiency of the algorithmic is increased.
According to the rules about orthographic projections, a method of 3D feature recognition is made, which recognizes 3Dfeatures not only by 2D drawing elements but 3D solid.
With Boolean calculation of 3D feature solid, the solids are reconstructed by OpenGL technology in Windows Visual C++ 6.0. It can be used farther in studies and tests later.
The method searches the information of 3D features from three-views drawing, and pre-processes the 2D data, and generates 3D solid with OpenGL, so the method of 3D reconstruction in this paper is general suitable and practicability.
由三视图组成的工程图，是用二维信息完整地表达三维物体的通用工具。由于直接建立三维立体模型过程复杂，因此有必要在工程图与三维模型之间建立一种对应关系，自动地将二维工程图转换为三维立体模型。
一个三维形体可以认为是由一系列基本特征形体组合而成的，因此从二维信息建立三维模型的关键就是如何识别出二维信息中所包含的三维特征信息。
本文在介绍和分析前人有关三维立体重建的研究算法的主要思想及其优缺点的基础上，提出一种基于二维三视图DXF图形数据进行三维特征识别的三维虚拟立体建模方法。
通过对三视图的DXF图形数据的结构分析，获取了相关的二维图形信息，并按特征建模的要求对各视图的二维图元进行识别和分类，以利于三维特征的有效识别。
对DXF文件提供的数据进行预处理，对三视图进行自动分离，并确定投影中心，使得三维立体特征的识别难度降低，提高了算法的识别效率。
根据工程图的投影规则，制定出了基于二维工程图的三维立体特征识别的规则和过程，从体的角度，同时结合二维图元信息进行三维特征识别。
利用三维特征形体布尔运算的重建方法，用OpenGL技术在Windows Visual C++ 6.0环境进行三维特征重建，使重建的结果易于在后续研究和实验中广泛深入地应用。
本方法是从通用的三视图中提取三维特征信息，并对二维信息进行了预处理，在实现过程中采用了OpenGL技术，因此本文所提出的方法具有普适性和实用性。
When a new product is designed in the ideas and studied whether it would be developed, we hope that it can be trialed and tested such as intervene checked, property calculated, framework and kinematics and dynamics analyzed, third dimension showed. Modeling 3D virtual solid is the base of the studies, trails and tests.
The engineering drawing, made up of the three views, have been a general method expressing the 3D solid completely with 2D information in engineering project. Modeling 3D solid is intricacy, so it is necessary that a conversion is set up from engineering drawings to 3D solid model.
A 3D solid is made up of a series of 3D features, so the key task is how to recognize the 3D feature information from 2D drawing data.
After studied the algorithms of the previous scholars, the paper brings forwards a method about 3D reconstruction of virtual solid, based on feature-recognition from the DXF drawing data of 2D orthographic views.
The paper analyzes the framework about the data of DXF drawing, and gets the 2D drawing information, and sorts the drawing elements in order to recognize 3D features conveniently.
The DXF data of 2D information are preprocessed, the three views are recognized automatically, and the project center is found, so the difficulties of feature reconstruction are depressed and the efficiency of the algorithmic is increased.
According to the rules about orthographic projections, a method of 3D feature recognition is made, which recognizes 3Dfeatures not only by 2D drawing elements but 3D solid.
With Boolean calculation of 3D feature solid, the solids are reconstructed by OpenGL technology in Windows Visual C++ 6.0. It can be used farther in studies and tests later.
The method searches the information of 3D features from three-views drawing, and pre-processes the 2D data, and generates 3D solid with OpenGL, so the method of 3D reconstruction in this paper is general suitable and practicability.
引文
[1] Idesawa M. A System to Generate a Solid Figure from Three Views. Bull JME, 1973,16:216～225
[2] Yeo S H. Knowledge Based Feature Recognizer for Machining[J]. Computer Intergrated Manufacturing Systems, 1994, 7(1):29-37
[3] Jain P K, Sharvan Kumar.Automatic Feature Extraction in PRIZCAPP[J]. Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1998, 11(6):500-512
[4] Gibson P, et al. Interactive Programmable Feature Recognisor[J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1997,46(1):407-410
[5] Sounder R, Kumara T. 3D interacting manufacturing feature recognition. Annals of the CIRP1994, 43(1)
[6] Linardakis S, M iLeham A R.A methodology for indetifying features for prismatic components from CAD files. Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Manufacturing Research, 1993
[7] AutoCAD 2002 Developer Help: DXF Reference
[8] Gujar U G, Nagendra I V. Construction of 3D Solid Objects from Orthographic Views. Computer and Graphics, 1989, 13:505～521
[9] Chen Z, Perng D. B. Automatic Reconstruction of 3D Solid objects from from 2D Orthographic Views. Pattern Recognition, 1988,21(2):439-449
[10] Aldefedld B. On Automatic Recognition of 3-D Structures from 2-D Representations[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 1983, 15(2), 59-64
[11] 基于工程图样的三维重建技术研究与实现，陆国栋，阮建中，江涛，彭群生，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1999．11
[12] 由三视图构造三维实体方法的综述，公茂凯，高国安等计算机研究与发展，1992．8
[13] 由二维正投影重建三维实体算法的评述，王东泉，计算机应用与软件，1995．12
[14] 面向三维重建的视图坐标转换，张爱边，诸昌铃，王喆，西南交通大学学报，2001．2
[15] 基于二维视图特征的三维重建，高玮，彭群生，计算机学报，1999．5
[16] 基于CAD系统的零件形状特征识别，郝永平，王健，焦志刚等，沈阳工业学院学报，1999．6
[17] 一种由三视图自动构造三维实体的算法，王东泉，王松，施鹏飞，
眭磊，上海交通大学学报 1994．6
[18] 《计算机图形学基础》，唐泽圣，周嘉玉，李新友等编著，清华大学出版社，1995．12
[19] 《实用计算机辅助二维绘图与三维造型》，田捷，袁国平等编著，电子工业出版社，1994．11．9
[20] 《画法几何及机械制图》上册，西北工业大学制图教研室编，陕西科学出版社，1992．3
[21] 《OpenGL 编程与实例》，向世明编著，电工工业出版社，1999，9
[22] 《计算机图形学基础》，王飞编著，北京邮电大学出版社．2000．9
[23] 《Visual C++技术内幕(第五版)》，[美]David J．Krunglinski，北京希望电子出版社，1999
[24] 《Micrsoft Visual C++6.0程序员指南》，Beck Zaratian，希望图书创作室译，北京希望电脑公司，Microsoft Press，1998
[25] 《OpenGL图形程序设计指南》，中国水利水电出版社，尚游，陈岩涛编著，2001．10
[26] 《OpenGL程序设计》，乔林，费广正等编著，清华大学出版社，2000．4
[27] 《OpenGL技术应用实例精粹》，李颖，薛海斌等编著，国防工业出版社，2001．1
[28] 《AutoCAD2000 ARX二次开发实例精粹》，老大中，赵占强编著，国防工业出版社
[2] Yeo S H. Knowledge Based Feature Recognizer for Machining[J]. Computer Intergrated Manufacturing Systems, 1994, 7(1):29-37
[3] Jain P K, Sharvan Kumar.Automatic Feature Extraction in PRIZCAPP[J]. Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1998, 11(6):500-512
[4] Gibson P, et al. Interactive Programmable Feature Recognisor[J]. Annals of the CIRP, 1997,46(1):407-410
[5] Sounder R, Kumara T. 3D interacting manufacturing feature recognition. Annals of the CIRP1994, 43(1)
[6] Linardakis S, M iLeham A R.A methodology for indetifying features for prismatic components from CAD files. Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Manufacturing Research, 1993
[7] AutoCAD 2002 Developer Help: DXF Reference
[8] Gujar U G, Nagendra I V. Construction of 3D Solid Objects from Orthographic Views. Computer and Graphics, 1989, 13:505～521
[9] Chen Z, Perng D. B. Automatic Reconstruction of 3D Solid objects from from 2D Orthographic Views. Pattern Recognition, 1988,21(2):439-449
[10] Aldefedld B. On Automatic Recognition of 3-D Structures from 2-D Representations[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 1983, 15(2), 59-64
[11] 基于工程图样的三维重建技术研究与实现，陆国栋，阮建中，江涛，彭群生，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，1999．11
[12] 由三视图构造三维实体方法的综述，公茂凯，高国安等计算机研究与发展，1992．8
[13] 由二维正投影重建三维实体算法的评述，王东泉，计算机应用与软件，1995．12
[14] 面向三维重建的视图坐标转换，张爱边，诸昌铃，王喆，西南交通大学学报，2001．2
[15] 基于二维视图特征的三维重建，高玮，彭群生，计算机学报，1999．5
[16] 基于CAD系统的零件形状特征识别，郝永平，王健，焦志刚等，沈阳工业学院学报，1999．6
[17] 一种由三视图自动构造三维实体的算法，王东泉，王松，施鹏飞，
眭磊，上海交通大学学报 1994．6
[18] 《计算机图形学基础》，唐泽圣，周嘉玉，李新友等编著，清华大学出版社，1995．12
[19] 《实用计算机辅助二维绘图与三维造型》，田捷，袁国平等编著，电子工业出版社，1994．11．9
[20] 《画法几何及机械制图》上册，西北工业大学制图教研室编，陕西科学出版社，1992．3
[21] 《OpenGL 编程与实例》，向世明编著，电工工业出版社，1999，9
[22] 《计算机图形学基础》，王飞编著，北京邮电大学出版社．2000．9
[23] 《Visual C++技术内幕(第五版)》，[美]David J．Krunglinski，北京希望电子出版社，1999
[24] 《Micrsoft Visual C++6.0程序员指南》，Beck Zaratian，希望图书创作室译，北京希望电脑公司，Microsoft Press，1998
[25] 《OpenGL图形程序设计指南》，中国水利水电出版社，尚游，陈岩涛编著，2001．10
[26] 《OpenGL程序设计》，乔林，费广正等编著，清华大学出版社，2000．4
[27] 《OpenGL技术应用实例精粹》，李颖，薛海斌等编著，国防工业出版社，2001．1
[28] 《AutoCAD2000 ARX二次开发实例精粹》，老大中，赵占强编著，国防工业出版社