J-TEXT三波远红外激光偏振干涉仪的建立
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摘要
等离子体电流密度剖面是托卡马克等离子体物理研究需了解的主要参数，电流密度的分布与等离子体的约束与输运，磁流体不稳定性等行为密切相关。先进托卡马克运行模式需要对等离子体电流密度剖面进行测量以对电流密度剖面进行反馈控制，同时测量等离子体电流密度剖面也能为等离子体的磁流体行为研究提供宝贵的数据。作为高温等离子体中最难测量的参数之一，电流密度剖面的测量方法十分有限。通过偏振仪测量法拉第效应目前被认为是最可靠的手段之一。
为促进J-TEXT托卡马克上的等离子体物理研究，弥补国内在相关诊断技术方面的不足，J-TEXT实验室在国家ITER专项经费的支持下于2010年启动了J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的建造工作，并于2012年冬季完成了系统的建立。J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的建立，包括系统的设计，系统的搭建与测试，等离子体电流密度剖面反演程序的设计与测试以及系统的运行与优化，为本学位论文的主要内容。
本文首先对偏振干涉仪的诊断原理进行了综述，介绍了几种主要的偏振测量方法，并详细讨论了测量的误差来源及处理思路。随后给出了J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的设计方案，包括概念设计，光学设计以及机械设计。J-TEXT偏振干涉仪设计采用三波法以及独特的扩束光路进行测量，使得系统可以实现高相位分辨率，高空间分辨率以及高时间分辨率的测量。此后本文对J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的搭建与测试进行了描述。经过测试，各子系统的功能得到了确认，光束的偏振态与共线状态也得到了校验。在台面测试中，系统的测量可行性得到了验证，同时系统的高分辨率也得到了初步的体现。接着给出了J-TEXT剖面反演程序的设计与测试。该程序基于平衡磁面位型反演，可由J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的测量数据反演得到平衡等离子体的电流密度剖面，安全因子剖面以及电子密度剖面。测试对程序的基本功能进行了检验，并对剖面反演的误差进行了评估。最后，本文给出了J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的实验运行结果。该系统已实现了同步的法拉第旋转角测量与弦积分密度测量，并通过震动与共线方面的优化提高了系统的性能水平。J-TEXT偏振干涉仪已实现0.1度的相位分辨率、1微秒的时间分辨率以及8道的空间测量，这些性能指标居国际前列。得益于高分辨率，该系统实现了对法拉第旋转角扰动以及弦积分密度扰动的测量。实验测量数据经剖面反演程序反演得到了令人满意的结果。
Current density profile is a fundamental element in tokamak plasma, which is closelyrelevant to processes of confinement, transport, and MHD activities. Measurement ofcurrent density profile is inevitable for advanced tokamak operation, while determinationof current density profile also offers great help for MHD relevant study. As one of thoseparameters that are most difficult to measure, current density profile could only beobtained by limited means, in which polarimetry towards measurement of Faraday Effectis now considered as one of the most reliable methods.
Motivated by the needs of plasma physics research and diagnostic technique study, apolarimeter-interferometer diagnostic was proposed for J-TEXT tokamak in2010andestablished at the end of2012. The establishment of the system, including systematicdesign, system integration, tests, coding, and system operation and optimization, are themain contents of the dissertation.
In the thesis, diagnostic principle of polarimeter-interferometer is briefly reviewedfirstly. Techniques used to determine Faraday angle are introduced. Precision of themeasurement and sources of errors are discussed. Design of J-TEXTpolarimeter-interferometer is given secondly, including conceptual design, optical designand mechanical design. Three-wave technique is adopted and unique beam-expandedoptics is used, which allow the system be able to perform measurement with high phaseresolution, spatial resolution and temporal resolution. Integration and tests of the systemare shown. Capabilities of sub-systems and optical components are checked, andperformance of the system is preliminarily confirmed. Design and test of J-TEXT profileinversion code based on equilibrium magnetic surface geometry are presented. Inversederror of the code is estimated, and capability of the code for inversion of data fromJ-TEXT polarimeter-interferometer is validated. Finally the experimental operation of thesystem is described. Simultaneous measurements of Faraday rotation angle andline-integrated density are achieved. Optimizations of mechanical vibration and colinearityare done to improve the performance of the system. J-TEXT polarimeter-interferometerhas achieved0.1degree phase resolution and1μs temporal resolution with8chords. Benefited from these capabilities, small amplitude perturbations on Faraday rotation angleand line-integrated density are observed. Reasonable inversion results are obtained fromexperimental data.
为促进J-TEXT托卡马克上的等离子体物理研究，弥补国内在相关诊断技术方面的不足，J-TEXT实验室在国家ITER专项经费的支持下于2010年启动了J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的建造工作，并于2012年冬季完成了系统的建立。J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的建立，包括系统的设计，系统的搭建与测试，等离子体电流密度剖面反演程序的设计与测试以及系统的运行与优化，为本学位论文的主要内容。
本文首先对偏振干涉仪的诊断原理进行了综述，介绍了几种主要的偏振测量方法，并详细讨论了测量的误差来源及处理思路。随后给出了J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的设计方案，包括概念设计，光学设计以及机械设计。J-TEXT偏振干涉仪设计采用三波法以及独特的扩束光路进行测量，使得系统可以实现高相位分辨率，高空间分辨率以及高时间分辨率的测量。此后本文对J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的搭建与测试进行了描述。经过测试，各子系统的功能得到了确认，光束的偏振态与共线状态也得到了校验。在台面测试中，系统的测量可行性得到了验证，同时系统的高分辨率也得到了初步的体现。接着给出了J-TEXT剖面反演程序的设计与测试。该程序基于平衡磁面位型反演，可由J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的测量数据反演得到平衡等离子体的电流密度剖面，安全因子剖面以及电子密度剖面。测试对程序的基本功能进行了检验，并对剖面反演的误差进行了评估。最后，本文给出了J-TEXT偏振干涉仪的实验运行结果。该系统已实现了同步的法拉第旋转角测量与弦积分密度测量，并通过震动与共线方面的优化提高了系统的性能水平。J-TEXT偏振干涉仪已实现0.1度的相位分辨率、1微秒的时间分辨率以及8道的空间测量，这些性能指标居国际前列。得益于高分辨率，该系统实现了对法拉第旋转角扰动以及弦积分密度扰动的测量。实验测量数据经剖面反演程序反演得到了令人满意的结果。
Current density profile is a fundamental element in tokamak plasma, which is closelyrelevant to processes of confinement, transport, and MHD activities. Measurement ofcurrent density profile is inevitable for advanced tokamak operation, while determinationof current density profile also offers great help for MHD relevant study. As one of thoseparameters that are most difficult to measure, current density profile could only beobtained by limited means, in which polarimetry towards measurement of Faraday Effectis now considered as one of the most reliable methods.
Motivated by the needs of plasma physics research and diagnostic technique study, apolarimeter-interferometer diagnostic was proposed for J-TEXT tokamak in2010andestablished at the end of2012. The establishment of the system, including systematicdesign, system integration, tests, coding, and system operation and optimization, are themain contents of the dissertation.
In the thesis, diagnostic principle of polarimeter-interferometer is briefly reviewedfirstly. Techniques used to determine Faraday angle are introduced. Precision of themeasurement and sources of errors are discussed. Design of J-TEXTpolarimeter-interferometer is given secondly, including conceptual design, optical designand mechanical design. Three-wave technique is adopted and unique beam-expandedoptics is used, which allow the system be able to perform measurement with high phaseresolution, spatial resolution and temporal resolution. Integration and tests of the systemare shown. Capabilities of sub-systems and optical components are checked, andperformance of the system is preliminarily confirmed. Design and test of J-TEXT profileinversion code based on equilibrium magnetic surface geometry are presented. Inversederror of the code is estimated, and capability of the code for inversion of data fromJ-TEXT polarimeter-interferometer is validated. Finally the experimental operation of thesystem is described. Simultaneous measurements of Faraday rotation angle andline-integrated density are achieved. Optimizations of mechanical vibration and colinearityare done to improve the performance of the system. J-TEXT polarimeter-interferometerhas achieved0.1degree phase resolution and1μs temporal resolution with8chords. Benefited from these capabilities, small amplitude perturbations on Faraday rotation angleand line-integrated density are observed. Reasonable inversion results are obtained fromexperimental data.
引文
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