基于现代控制技术的电机综合实训系统的研究和开发
摘要
本课题是结合我院实验室的建设,利用现代PLC、变频控制技术与传统继电器控制技术以及电动机、计算机、STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0编程软件构建了一个电机综合控制系统。
该系统可实现的功能有;电动机的继电器控制、PLC控制、变频控制及其综合控制。除继电器控制技术可单独控制电动机以外,其他的控制基本上是综合性的。因为继电控制是基础,其他控制均离不开继电控制而独立工作。具体地讲,继电器单元和电动机单元配合完成电动机基本控制功能和机床电气控制功能;继电器单元、PLC单元和电动机单元配合完成PLC改造功能;变频单元和电动机单元配合完成变频调速功能;继电器单元、PLC单元、变频单元和电动机单元配合完成综合控制功能。
本文首先论述系统的设计方案及硬件系统的设计与选材,设计中考虑设备的安全性、器件功能的实用性、样式的可选性及市场需求性等。其次介绍了实际应用软件STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0,该软件是西门子公司专为SIMATIC S7-200系列可编程序控制器研制开发的编程软件,它是基于Windows的应用软件,功能强大,既可用于开发用户程序,又可实时监控用户程序的执行状态。最后用实际应用案例进行试验和分析,以便了解实际应用中遇到的问题,并采取相应的改进措施。
目前,中高等职业院校及部分高校中注重实践教学的学院,对学生的技能加强培养,以提高学生的实践能力和社会适应能力。该设备的设计、制作必将为我院的技能训练创造良好的条件,也为附近企事业单位的人才的培养创造机会。就实际应用而言,具有较高的应用价值。
This subject designs an comprehensive electric motor controlling system which uses PLC technique, frequency controlling technique and traditional controlling technique of the relay. It can also realize online debugging combining with computer and programmble software STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0.
This system can simply use relay to control the motor's running. It can also use relay, PLC and variable frequency controlling technique comprehensively to control motor's running. Because relay is indispensable for mortor control, PLC and variable frequency controlling technique are based on the relay controlling technique. Speaking concretely, relay matches with motor can accomplish basic motor control and machine tool control. Relay and PLC match with motor can accomplish the improved controlling function. Frequency conversion matches with motor can accomplish speed-and-frequency adjusting function. Relay, PLC and frequency conversion match with motor can accomplish comprehensive motor controlling function.
This paper firstly discusses the designing progress and the hardware's selection of the system. Equippments' safety, components' function, configuration and market demanding are all taken into the designing account. Secondly, it introduces the application of the STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0 software, it's a Windows-based application software with great function for both user's program designing and real-time checking for the program's running state. Finally, this paper analyses some experimentation example in order to find the problems and make improvement.
Now, more and more colleges pay attention to students' practical technical ability. This system will create a good condition to improve the student's practical technique so they can be more competent for society. The system can also offer training for those who have worked. So that, it has huge application value.
该系统可实现的功能有;电动机的继电器控制、PLC控制、变频控制及其综合控制。除继电器控制技术可单独控制电动机以外,其他的控制基本上是综合性的。因为继电控制是基础,其他控制均离不开继电控制而独立工作。具体地讲,继电器单元和电动机单元配合完成电动机基本控制功能和机床电气控制功能;继电器单元、PLC单元和电动机单元配合完成PLC改造功能;变频单元和电动机单元配合完成变频调速功能;继电器单元、PLC单元、变频单元和电动机单元配合完成综合控制功能。
本文首先论述系统的设计方案及硬件系统的设计与选材,设计中考虑设备的安全性、器件功能的实用性、样式的可选性及市场需求性等。其次介绍了实际应用软件STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0,该软件是西门子公司专为SIMATIC S7-200系列可编程序控制器研制开发的编程软件,它是基于Windows的应用软件,功能强大,既可用于开发用户程序,又可实时监控用户程序的执行状态。最后用实际应用案例进行试验和分析,以便了解实际应用中遇到的问题,并采取相应的改进措施。
目前,中高等职业院校及部分高校中注重实践教学的学院,对学生的技能加强培养,以提高学生的实践能力和社会适应能力。该设备的设计、制作必将为我院的技能训练创造良好的条件,也为附近企事业单位的人才的培养创造机会。就实际应用而言,具有较高的应用价值。
This subject designs an comprehensive electric motor controlling system which uses PLC technique, frequency controlling technique and traditional controlling technique of the relay. It can also realize online debugging combining with computer and programmble software STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0.
This system can simply use relay to control the motor's running. It can also use relay, PLC and variable frequency controlling technique comprehensively to control motor's running. Because relay is indispensable for mortor control, PLC and variable frequency controlling technique are based on the relay controlling technique. Speaking concretely, relay matches with motor can accomplish basic motor control and machine tool control. Relay and PLC match with motor can accomplish the improved controlling function. Frequency conversion matches with motor can accomplish speed-and-frequency adjusting function. Relay, PLC and frequency conversion match with motor can accomplish comprehensive motor controlling function.
This paper firstly discusses the designing progress and the hardware's selection of the system. Equippments' safety, components' function, configuration and market demanding are all taken into the designing account. Secondly, it introduces the application of the STEP7-Micro/WIN V4.0 software, it's a Windows-based application software with great function for both user's program designing and real-time checking for the program's running state. Finally, this paper analyses some experimentation example in order to find the problems and make improvement.
Now, more and more colleges pay attention to students' practical technical ability. This system will create a good condition to improve the student's practical technique so they can be more competent for society. The system can also offer training for those who have worked. So that, it has huge application value.
引文
[1]方承远.工厂电气控制技术.第2版.北京;机械工业出版社.2000.
[2]李诚人.现代机电控制系统.西北工业大学出版社.
[3]陈伯时.电力拖动自动化控制系统.机械工业出版社.
[4]维修电工.中国劳动出版社
[5]高级维修电工技能训练.中国劳动社会保障出版社
[6]廖常初.plc编程及应用.机械工业出版社
[7]刘豹.现代控制理论.机械工业出版社.
[8]S7-200可编程序控制器系统手册.第4版.
[9]micromaster 420使用大全.2003.12
[10]将金周.实验电梯控制系统的设计与研究.
[11]李秀忠,冯安平.Plc改造T68镗床电气控制电路。机电产品开发与创新,2003.6.
[12]韩爱娟.面向T68镗床的强弱电控制综合实验台的研制.机电工程.2006.5
[13]彭增良.PLC与变频器连接时应注意的问题.电气时代,2006.4
[14]黄建龙.变频器及其正确使用.科技广场,2006.2
[15]李传伟.PLC与变频器相结合应用技术.通用机械,2005.11
[16]王红.新型低压电动机综合保护装置原理与实现.低压电器,2006.3
[17]邱永成,李进东.可编程序控制器(PLC)实现交流电动机的变频调速.机械,2006.2
[18]周脉玉.浅谈交流变频调速与直流调速.煤炭技术,2006.2
[19]李永志.论述电动机的调速方式.农机化研究,2006.3
[20]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.机械工业出版社.
[21]徐邦荃,李浚源,詹琼华.直流调速系统与交流调速系统.华中科技大学出版社.
[22]苏文成.工厂供电.机械工业出版社.
[23]周绍英,储方杰.交流调速系统.机械工业出版社.
[24]邱阿瑞.交流电力拖动及应用.
[25]胡广书.数字信号处理.清华大学出版社.
[26]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.机械工业出版社.
[27]赵广.机电实验系统及教学实验软件的开发与研究.
[28]韩建凯.plc实验系统的设计与开发.
[29]衣颖,李永丽.基于CAN的电动机群故障监控系统.电机与控制应用.
[30]彭增良.PLC与变频器连接时应注意的问题.电气时代,2006.4.
[31]瞿丹晨,姚融融,陈玮.交流异步电动机串级调速的应用.物理测试,2006.2.
[32]陈新恩.三相异步电动机测试中几个问题的探析.天津航海,20006.1.
[33]季汉棋.用PLC控制数字变频器改变异步电动机转速的实现.轻工机械,2006.1.
[34]刘震.PLC在三相交流异步电动机变频调速中的应用.工矿自动化,200505.
[35]鄢光辉,变频调速系统中电动机和变频器选择及问题分析.自动化博览,2006.2.
[36]胡虔生,黄平林变频调速异步电动机设计研究.电机技术,2005.4.
[37]黄建龙.变频器及其正确使用.科技广场,2006.2.
[38]李传伟.PLC与变频器相结合应用技术.通用机械,2005.11.
[39]王红.新型低压电动机综合保护装置原理与实现.低压电器,2006.3.
[40]邱永成,李进东.可编程序控制器(PLC)实现交流电动机的变频调速.机械,2006.2.
[41]周建博,孙俊升,郭怀德.利用串级调速实现大功率异步电动机的调速.西北电力技术,2006.1.
[42]李宁,贾堂刚.交流异步电动机调速方式分析.矿山机械,2005.1.
[43]蒋联盟.三相异步电动机调速方式及应用分析.矿业快报,2002.21.
[44]周脉玉.浅谈交流变频调速与直流调速.煤炭技术,2006.2.
[45]李永志.论述电动机的调速方式.农机化研究,2006.3.
[46]刘国光.一种异步电动机SPWM变频调速的新方案.机床电器,2005.2.
[47]Jiangzhijian.A Low Cost APFC of AC-DC- AC Converter.Techniques of Automation and Applications,2004,10.
[48]Marchesoni,M.;Puglisi,L.;Segarich,P.;A low cost microcontroller based system for high performance AC motor drives development. Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1994. IECON '94, 20th International Conference on Volume 3, 5-9 Sept. 1994 Page(s):1802 - 1806 vol.3.
[49] Lee-Hun Kim; Hwan-Kyun Yun; Chung-Yuen Won; Young-Real Kim; Gi-Su Choi; Output filter design for conducted EMI reduction of PWM inverter-fed induction motor system. Power Electronics and Drive Systems. Proceedings, 2001 4th IEEE International Conference on Volume 1, 22-25 Oct. 2001 Page(s):252 - 258 vol.1.
[50] Zhu Zhaokuan. Self-diagnostic Desgin of the Machine Tool's Fault during PLC Transformation. New Technology & New Process, 2005. 5. [51] Jacobina, C. B. ; dos Santos, E. C. ; de Rossiter Correa, M. B. ; da Silva, E. R. C. ;AC Motor Drives With a Reduced Number of Switches and Boost Inductors. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on Volume 2, 6-10 March 2005 Page(s):733 - 739 Vol. 2
[52] Baskya, A. ; Gobia, V. ; Rotation speed controller for AC motor drives with frequency converters. Electric Power Engineering, 1999. PowerTech Budapest 99. International Conference on 29 Aug. -2 Sept. 1999 Page (s): 95
[53] zhenglipin. Solves NC machine tool fault with PLC procedure. Machine Tool Electric Apparatus. 2006.4.
[54] Bellar, M. D. ; Lee, B. K. ; Fahimi, B. ; Ehsani, M. An AC motor drive with power factor control for low cost applications. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE Volume 1, 4-8 March 2001 Page(s):601 - 607 vol.1
[55] Brandao Jacobina, C. ; Beltrao de Rossiter Correa, M. ; Nogueira Lima, A.M.; Cabral da Silva, E. R. ;AC motor drive systems with a reduced-switch-count converter. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on Volume 39, Issue 5, Sept.-Oct. 2003 Page(s):1333 -1342
[56] zhonmin, zhao. The selection strategy of programmable controller. Machine Tool Electric Apparatus, 2007.4
[57] Shen, J. X. ; Zhu, Z. Q. ; Howe, D. ; Improved speed estimation in sensorless PM brushless AC drives. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions onVolume 38, Issue 4, July-Aug. 2002 Page(s):1072 - 1080
[58] JiangZhijian ,Zhu Xiang Jian, Zhang Wei Qiang. Research on low cost AC-DC-AC transducer with unit power factor correction. Electrical Drive Automation, 2003.02
[2]李诚人.现代机电控制系统.西北工业大学出版社.
[3]陈伯时.电力拖动自动化控制系统.机械工业出版社.
[4]维修电工.中国劳动出版社
[5]高级维修电工技能训练.中国劳动社会保障出版社
[6]廖常初.plc编程及应用.机械工业出版社
[7]刘豹.现代控制理论.机械工业出版社.
[8]S7-200可编程序控制器系统手册.第4版.
[9]micromaster 420使用大全.2003.12
[10]将金周.实验电梯控制系统的设计与研究.
[11]李秀忠,冯安平.Plc改造T68镗床电气控制电路。机电产品开发与创新,2003.6.
[12]韩爱娟.面向T68镗床的强弱电控制综合实验台的研制.机电工程.2006.5
[13]彭增良.PLC与变频器连接时应注意的问题.电气时代,2006.4
[14]黄建龙.变频器及其正确使用.科技广场,2006.2
[15]李传伟.PLC与变频器相结合应用技术.通用机械,2005.11
[16]王红.新型低压电动机综合保护装置原理与实现.低压电器,2006.3
[17]邱永成,李进东.可编程序控制器(PLC)实现交流电动机的变频调速.机械,2006.2
[18]周脉玉.浅谈交流变频调速与直流调速.煤炭技术,2006.2
[19]李永志.论述电动机的调速方式.农机化研究,2006.3
[20]胡崇岳.现代交流调速技术.机械工业出版社.
[21]徐邦荃,李浚源,詹琼华.直流调速系统与交流调速系统.华中科技大学出版社.
[22]苏文成.工厂供电.机械工业出版社.
[23]周绍英,储方杰.交流调速系统.机械工业出版社.
[24]邱阿瑞.交流电力拖动及应用.
[25]胡广书.数字信号处理.清华大学出版社.
[26]黄俊,王兆安.电力电子变流技术.机械工业出版社.
[27]赵广.机电实验系统及教学实验软件的开发与研究.
[28]韩建凯.plc实验系统的设计与开发.
[29]衣颖,李永丽.基于CAN的电动机群故障监控系统.电机与控制应用.
[30]彭增良.PLC与变频器连接时应注意的问题.电气时代,2006.4.
[31]瞿丹晨,姚融融,陈玮.交流异步电动机串级调速的应用.物理测试,2006.2.
[32]陈新恩.三相异步电动机测试中几个问题的探析.天津航海,20006.1.
[33]季汉棋.用PLC控制数字变频器改变异步电动机转速的实现.轻工机械,2006.1.
[34]刘震.PLC在三相交流异步电动机变频调速中的应用.工矿自动化,200505.
[35]鄢光辉,变频调速系统中电动机和变频器选择及问题分析.自动化博览,2006.2.
[36]胡虔生,黄平林变频调速异步电动机设计研究.电机技术,2005.4.
[37]黄建龙.变频器及其正确使用.科技广场,2006.2.
[38]李传伟.PLC与变频器相结合应用技术.通用机械,2005.11.
[39]王红.新型低压电动机综合保护装置原理与实现.低压电器,2006.3.
[40]邱永成,李进东.可编程序控制器(PLC)实现交流电动机的变频调速.机械,2006.2.
[41]周建博,孙俊升,郭怀德.利用串级调速实现大功率异步电动机的调速.西北电力技术,2006.1.
[42]李宁,贾堂刚.交流异步电动机调速方式分析.矿山机械,2005.1.
[43]蒋联盟.三相异步电动机调速方式及应用分析.矿业快报,2002.21.
[44]周脉玉.浅谈交流变频调速与直流调速.煤炭技术,2006.2.
[45]李永志.论述电动机的调速方式.农机化研究,2006.3.
[46]刘国光.一种异步电动机SPWM变频调速的新方案.机床电器,2005.2.
[47]Jiangzhijian.A Low Cost APFC of AC-DC- AC Converter.Techniques of Automation and Applications,2004,10.
[48]Marchesoni,M.;Puglisi,L.;Segarich,P.;A low cost microcontroller based system for high performance AC motor drives development. Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, 1994. IECON '94, 20th International Conference on Volume 3, 5-9 Sept. 1994 Page(s):1802 - 1806 vol.3.
[49] Lee-Hun Kim; Hwan-Kyun Yun; Chung-Yuen Won; Young-Real Kim; Gi-Su Choi; Output filter design for conducted EMI reduction of PWM inverter-fed induction motor system. Power Electronics and Drive Systems. Proceedings, 2001 4th IEEE International Conference on Volume 1, 22-25 Oct. 2001 Page(s):252 - 258 vol.1.
[50] Zhu Zhaokuan. Self-diagnostic Desgin of the Machine Tool's Fault during PLC Transformation. New Technology & New Process, 2005. 5. [51] Jacobina, C. B. ; dos Santos, E. C. ; de Rossiter Correa, M. B. ; da Silva, E. R. C. ;AC Motor Drives With a Reduced Number of Switches and Boost Inductors. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on Volume 2, 6-10 March 2005 Page(s):733 - 739 Vol. 2
[52] Baskya, A. ; Gobia, V. ; Rotation speed controller for AC motor drives with frequency converters. Electric Power Engineering, 1999. PowerTech Budapest 99. International Conference on 29 Aug. -2 Sept. 1999 Page (s): 95
[53] zhenglipin. Solves NC machine tool fault with PLC procedure. Machine Tool Electric Apparatus. 2006.4.
[54] Bellar, M. D. ; Lee, B. K. ; Fahimi, B. ; Ehsani, M. An AC motor drive with power factor control for low cost applications. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE Volume 1, 4-8 March 2001 Page(s):601 - 607 vol.1
[55] Brandao Jacobina, C. ; Beltrao de Rossiter Correa, M. ; Nogueira Lima, A.M.; Cabral da Silva, E. R. ;AC motor drive systems with a reduced-switch-count converter. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on Volume 39, Issue 5, Sept.-Oct. 2003 Page(s):1333 -1342
[56] zhonmin, zhao. The selection strategy of programmable controller. Machine Tool Electric Apparatus, 2007.4
[57] Shen, J. X. ; Zhu, Z. Q. ; Howe, D. ; Improved speed estimation in sensorless PM brushless AC drives. Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions onVolume 38, Issue 4, July-Aug. 2002 Page(s):1072 - 1080
[58] JiangZhijian ,Zhu Xiang Jian, Zhang Wei Qiang. Research on low cost AC-DC-AC transducer with unit power factor correction. Electrical Drive Automation, 2003.02