TPIM智能保护器的研究与实现
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摘要
电动机是将电能转化成机械能的装置，用作拖动各种生产机械的动力。电动机因具有结构简单、价格低廉、使用维护方便等优点，在国民经济中占有举足轻重的地位。然而，由于供电状态和机械负荷的多变性，使得电动机的故障率较高，不仅会损坏电动机本身，而且会影响整个生产，造成较大的经济损失。因此，电动机的安全运行对保证厂矿企业的正常生产是非常重要的。
文中首先分析了TPIM(Three-Phase Induction Motor)的常见故障，以对称分量法为依据，采用检测过流幅值、负序电流、零序电流的方法，并综合考虑电压、温度等参数，得出了TPIM故障的准确判据，确定了各种故障的保护措施，对TPIM实现了三相短路、堵转、过载、相间短路、断相、三相不平衡、短路接地、漏电、超温、欠压、过压、起动时间过长、频繁起动等保护功能；在故障诊断上，实现了基于实时专家系统的TPIM故障诊断；在硬件实现上，以TI公司的TMS320F2812为核心，外接点阵液晶显示器、按键等外设。其具有中文显示、菜单式操作、故障自诊断、参数调整灵活、保护功能完善等特点。这样便实现了TPIM保护的智能化。
软件采用模块化的程序设计，模块化编程使程序开发更有效，小块程序更容易调试和修改。程序采用C语言和汇编语言混合编写，用C语言设计软件的调度程序以及对速度要求不高的控制部分的相应程序，而用汇编语言设计运行速度高的处理模块程序，供C语言调用，这种混合语言编程方法可实现最佳的软件设计方案，从而达到兼顾速率和效率的要求。文中完成了保护算法和程序的设计研究，阐述了整个软件设计思路和程序实现的流程并实现了数据采样。
该系统设计从软件设施和硬件设施两方面进行了对系统抗干扰能力的潜心研究与策划，构建了诸如：抑制干扰源、阻塞耦合通道、提高敏感设备的抗干扰能力、双接触器工作方式、数字滤波、加入空指令、设置看门狗、设置软件陷阱等具体抗干扰设施，从而提高系统工作的安全性和可靠性。
限于时间关系、经费关系、人力物力等方方面面的关系，此课题涉及的后续工作，有待于下一届的师弟师妹们完成。
The electromotor is a kind of system which converts electruic energy into mechanical energy. It is used for the power to drive the manufacturing machine. The electromotor plays a dicisive role in the national economy for its simple structure, low price, convenient use and maintenance. However, the polytrope of power supply state and mechanical load makes higher hazard rate of the electromotor, which not only damages the electromotor, but also influences the total manufacture, and causes enormous economic losses. Therefore, in order to guarantee the normal production of the industrial enterprise, the safe operation of the motor is very important.
First, the text analyzes the common fault of the TPIM, bases on the symmetrical component method, detects overcurrent amplitude, negative sequence current, zero-sequence current, and considers the parameter such as voltage and temperature, then we can obtain the exact criterion of the electromotor fault, fix the safeguard about all kinds of the fault, and achieve the protection feature about threephase short-circuit, locked-rotor, overloading, phase fault, phase failure, unbalanced threephase, line-to-ground, creepage, excess temperature, undervoltage, overvoltage, excessive starting, jogging; in protection theory, it achieves the fault diagnosis of the electromotor based on real-time expert system; in hardware system, it is centering on powerful TMS320F2812 of TI Co., and links the perpheral such as LCD, keystoke, real-time clock module. Also, the TPIM intelligent protector has the following functions: Chinese display, menu manipulation, fault self-diagnosis, flexible parameter adjustment, perfect protection feature. In this way, the automatic protection is realized.
The software detects modularization programmer, and the modularization programmer makes the program development more effective and subprogram easier to debug and modify. The program is compiled mixed by C language and assemble language. The C language compiles the scheduler and the control part which has low require on speed; and the assemble language compiles the processing module with top speed, which is transferred by C language. This method provides best software design scheme and gives attention to speed and efficiency of program running.
The design does involved research and devisal about anti-jamming from both haedware and software, constructs many concrete anti-interference installation, such as: interference source suppression, channel coupling check, increasing capacity against disturbance of sensor, double contactor mode, digital filtering, add in blank command, install house dog, install software reap, to have a higher reliability.
The involved follow-up work of the issue, limited to time, funds, human, material and so on, needs the following to accomlish.
文中首先分析了TPIM(Three-Phase Induction Motor)的常见故障，以对称分量法为依据，采用检测过流幅值、负序电流、零序电流的方法，并综合考虑电压、温度等参数，得出了TPIM故障的准确判据，确定了各种故障的保护措施，对TPIM实现了三相短路、堵转、过载、相间短路、断相、三相不平衡、短路接地、漏电、超温、欠压、过压、起动时间过长、频繁起动等保护功能；在故障诊断上，实现了基于实时专家系统的TPIM故障诊断；在硬件实现上，以TI公司的TMS320F2812为核心，外接点阵液晶显示器、按键等外设。其具有中文显示、菜单式操作、故障自诊断、参数调整灵活、保护功能完善等特点。这样便实现了TPIM保护的智能化。
软件采用模块化的程序设计，模块化编程使程序开发更有效，小块程序更容易调试和修改。程序采用C语言和汇编语言混合编写，用C语言设计软件的调度程序以及对速度要求不高的控制部分的相应程序，而用汇编语言设计运行速度高的处理模块程序，供C语言调用，这种混合语言编程方法可实现最佳的软件设计方案，从而达到兼顾速率和效率的要求。文中完成了保护算法和程序的设计研究，阐述了整个软件设计思路和程序实现的流程并实现了数据采样。
该系统设计从软件设施和硬件设施两方面进行了对系统抗干扰能力的潜心研究与策划，构建了诸如：抑制干扰源、阻塞耦合通道、提高敏感设备的抗干扰能力、双接触器工作方式、数字滤波、加入空指令、设置看门狗、设置软件陷阱等具体抗干扰设施，从而提高系统工作的安全性和可靠性。
限于时间关系、经费关系、人力物力等方方面面的关系，此课题涉及的后续工作，有待于下一届的师弟师妹们完成。
The electromotor is a kind of system which converts electruic energy into mechanical energy. It is used for the power to drive the manufacturing machine. The electromotor plays a dicisive role in the national economy for its simple structure, low price, convenient use and maintenance. However, the polytrope of power supply state and mechanical load makes higher hazard rate of the electromotor, which not only damages the electromotor, but also influences the total manufacture, and causes enormous economic losses. Therefore, in order to guarantee the normal production of the industrial enterprise, the safe operation of the motor is very important.
First, the text analyzes the common fault of the TPIM, bases on the symmetrical component method, detects overcurrent amplitude, negative sequence current, zero-sequence current, and considers the parameter such as voltage and temperature, then we can obtain the exact criterion of the electromotor fault, fix the safeguard about all kinds of the fault, and achieve the protection feature about threephase short-circuit, locked-rotor, overloading, phase fault, phase failure, unbalanced threephase, line-to-ground, creepage, excess temperature, undervoltage, overvoltage, excessive starting, jogging; in protection theory, it achieves the fault diagnosis of the electromotor based on real-time expert system; in hardware system, it is centering on powerful TMS320F2812 of TI Co., and links the perpheral such as LCD, keystoke, real-time clock module. Also, the TPIM intelligent protector has the following functions: Chinese display, menu manipulation, fault self-diagnosis, flexible parameter adjustment, perfect protection feature. In this way, the automatic protection is realized.
The software detects modularization programmer, and the modularization programmer makes the program development more effective and subprogram easier to debug and modify. The program is compiled mixed by C language and assemble language. The C language compiles the scheduler and the control part which has low require on speed; and the assemble language compiles the processing module with top speed, which is transferred by C language. This method provides best software design scheme and gives attention to speed and efficiency of program running.
The design does involved research and devisal about anti-jamming from both haedware and software, constructs many concrete anti-interference installation, such as: interference source suppression, channel coupling check, increasing capacity against disturbance of sensor, double contactor mode, digital filtering, add in blank command, install house dog, install software reap, to have a higher reliability.
The involved follow-up work of the issue, limited to time, funds, human, material and so on, needs the following to accomlish.
引文
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[3] 蔡兵．智能三相交流异步电动机软起动与保护策略．微计算机信息，2005．21(1)：84～85
[4] 王燕．电流互感器的误差及其对继电保护的影响．东北电力技术，2006(1)：30～33
[5] 赵杰，刘汉玉，高贵生．三相异步电动机断相运行的分析及解决方案．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2001．20(3)：324～327
[6] 邢学赋，樊春梅，张庆霞，王旭东．基于三次谐波的电机保护．哈尔滨理工大学学报，2003．8(1)：96～98
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[22] 武予鲁．电动机全数字化综合保护器的研制及应用．煤炭科学技术，2003．31(10)：36～39
[23] Rui Esteves Araujo, Diamantino Silva Freitas. Non-linear control of an induction motor: sliding mode theory leads to robust and simple solution International Journal of Adaptive ControlandSignalProcessing, 2000, 3—5, 14 (2—3): 331—353
[24] 宋伟宏．三相电动机智能保护器的研究．中小型电机，2003．30(3)：42～45
[25] 杨崇德．质疑旋转电动机过电压保护装置对电动机的保护．电工技术杂志，2004(2)：40～43
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[2] 龚淑秋，高有华，李忠波，田志勇．电子式电动机保护装置反时限特性的研究．电子技术应用，2002(4)：42～44
[3] 蔡兵．智能三相交流异步电动机软起动与保护策略．微计算机信息，2005．21(1)：84～85
[4] 王燕．电流互感器的误差及其对继电保护的影响．东北电力技术，2006(1)：30～33
[5] 赵杰，刘汉玉，高贵生．三相异步电动机断相运行的分析及解决方案．辽宁工程技术大学学报，2001．20(3)：324～327
[6] 邢学赋，樊春梅，张庆霞，王旭东．基于三次谐波的电机保护．哈尔滨理工大学学报，2003．8(1)：96～98
[7] 胡景泰，朱文灏．多功能的可通讯智能电动机保护器．中小型电机，2004．31(3)：33～38
[8] 袁琦．三相异步电动机保护新方法的研究．华南农业大学学报，2000．6(3)：48～52
[9] 欧阳名三，梁喆，金林．采用MSP430单片机的电机保护器的研究．仪器仪表学报，2005．26(8)：347～348
[10] 葛宝琴．综合式电动机保护的特点及性能．华北电力技术，1994(12)：53～55
[11] 黄开胜，湛智华，李红．三相异步电动机断相运行分析．中小型电机，1998．25(1)：47～50
[12] 王晓明．电动机的单片机控制．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002，第1版．37～72
[13] Mitzova, D, Mira, C, de Fornel, B. Speed control of an asynchronous motor by using variable structure control Systems Engineering in the Service of Humans, 1993 (4): 447—452
[14] Cruz, S.M.A, Marques Cardoso, A.J. Stator winding fault diagnosis in three-phase synchronous and asynchronous motors, by the extended Park's vector approach Industry Applications Conference, 2000 (1): 395—401
[15] Du Taihang, Jianguo Lu, Geng Lihui, Zhigang Li. The research on electrical life test condition of relay with electromotor load Proceedings of the Forty-Eighth IEEE Holm Conference, 2002:56～60
[16] 李岳，彭成．小型三相异步电动机(1.5kW以下)的缺相及过载保护．新疆师范大学学报，1996．15(1)：22～24
[17] Mikulecky, H.W. A new approach to switching, fault protection, and overload monitoring of distribution transformers Power Delivery, 1988, 3 (2): 607—613
[18] 彭林茹．三相电动机断相故障与保护装置的探讨．工业技术，2005(25)：25～26
[19] 黄昆，何召兰．电动机断相保护装置．节能技术．2001(9)：18～19
[20] 陈众起．三相异步电动机断相保护器．河北工业科技，2003．20(5)：40～41
[21] Martinez, J, Dortolina, C, Villamediana, H, Pena, W.; Beuses, J. Asynchronous motor protection against dynamic instabilities Industry Applications Conference, 1999 (2): 1001 —1008
[22] 武予鲁．电动机全数字化综合保护器的研制及应用．煤炭科学技术，2003．31(10)：36～39
[23] Rui Esteves Araujo, Diamantino Silva Freitas. Non-linear control of an induction motor: sliding mode theory leads to robust and simple solution International Journal of Adaptive ControlandSignalProcessing, 2000, 3—5, 14 (2—3): 331—353
[24] 宋伟宏．三相电动机智能保护器的研究．中小型电机，2003．30(3)：42～45
[25] 杨崇德．质疑旋转电动机过电压保护装置对电动机的保护．电工技术杂志，2004(2)：40～43
[26] 丁军，闫曙玲．智能型断路器过电流保护特性与运用．电气开关，1999(2)：26～29
[27] 王益全．电动机原理与实用技术．北京：科学出版社，2005，第1版．109～154
[28] 王黎明．ABD8—250型数字数电动机综合保护器在使用中的问题．煤炭技术，1997(4)：5～8
[29] 胡斌．电子线路与电子技术．济南：山东科学技术出版社，2001，第2版．25～30
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