双三相永磁同步电动机交互饱和模型与特性研究
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摘要
永磁电机因其结构简单,功率密度高,运转平稳和控制精度高等优点广泛应用于航空航天、舰船推进、电动机车和数控机床等电气传动领域。传统的永磁电机普遍为三相电机,但它在大功率传动领域受到一定限制。多相永磁同步电动机是对永磁同步电动机的进一步发展,它相对于普通三相电机具有许多优点,其研究和开发在国内外受到普遍关注。本文主要以双三相永磁同步电动机为研究对象,对其不同极槽配合和绕组形式以及dq轴数学模型进行了分析,计算了双三相永磁同步电动机采用不同绕组分布方式时的电磁性能,并与传统的三相和六相电动机进行了比较。同时,对考虑交互磁饱和的转矩计算方法进行了分析。
首先介绍并比较了现有的四种永磁同步电动机转矩计算方法：常参数法、考虑部分磁饱和法、磁链法和直接有限元法,并在磁链法的基础上提出了一种比较简单的考虑交互磁饱和的转矩计算方法,同时给出其在电动机斜槽时的应用。以一台内置式径向18槽6极永磁同步电动机为例,计算分析了交互磁饱和现象对转矩计算的影响,并进行了实验验证。
其次对双三相永磁同步电动机的结构和电磁性能进行了分析。选取12槽10极这种极槽配合结构,研究了不同绕组分布对电动机参数和性能的影响。以表贴式12槽10极永磁同步电动机为例,对采用不同绕组连接方式的双三相电动机的电磁性能进行了比较分析,并与传统三相、六相电动机的性能进行了比较。
接着对双三相全齿绕和隔齿绕电动机不同极槽配合进行了分析。计算了相应的绕组系数,归纳了其在极槽配合影响下的变化规律,并总结出适用于双三相全齿绕和隔齿绕电动机的绕组系数计算公式。以绕组系数最大、应用比较广泛的分数槽极槽配合为例,对双三相全齿绕和隔齿绕电动机的具体绕组分布进行了分析。选取表贴式12槽10极双三相永磁同步电动机为对象,计算分析了隔齿绕电动机的电磁性能,并与全齿绕电动机进行了比较。
最后对双三相永磁同步电动机的dq轴模型进行了分析。推导并总结出双三相永磁同步电动机转换为一套dq轴模型时的变换公式和稳态下的电压、磁链及转矩方程。以表贴式12槽10极双三相永磁同步电动机为例,分别计算了双三相绕组转换为一套dq轴模型和看做两套三相绕组转换为两套d1q1轴、d2q2轴模型下的电感,并总结出了它们之间的关系。最后计算比较了双三相永磁电动机采用不同绕组分布时考虑交互磁饱和的d、q轴电感和转矩-转速特性。
The permanent magnet (PM) motors are applied widely in the fields of aerospace, electric ship propulsion, electric vehicles and numerical control machines because of their high performance. Conventionally, the PM brushless motors are three-phase, but it has limit in high power applications. Therefore, multiphase motors become more and more popular because of their several attractive features. In this thesis, the dual three-phase PM brushless AC motor with fractional-slot and concentrated non-overlapping winding is studied. The electromagnetic performances, slot/pole combinations, alternate winding distributions and also the d-q models of the dual three-phase motor are analysed. In addition, the influence of cross-coupling magnetic saturation on torqur calculation is investigated.
First four existing torque calculation methods including constant parameters method, partial-coupling method, flux-linkage method and direct finit element method are described and compared. Then an improved analytical method accounting for cross-coupling and skew is proposed. It is employed to predict the d-and q-axis inductances and torque-speed characteristic of a skewed interior PM BLAC motor in the flux-weakening mode of operation, and validated by measurements.
Then the electromagnetic performances of dual three-phase PM BLAC motor are analyzed. A 12-slot 10-pole combination is selected, and two different winding connections are described. The open-circuit electromagnetic performances, armature reaction, phase winding inductances and static torque of a surface-mounted PM (SPM) BLAC motor are calculated and analyzed, and compared with those of conventional three-phase and six-phase motors.
Then the slot/pole combinations and winding connections of the dual three-phase motor with all teeth and alternate teeth wound are investigated. Winding factors are derived and calculated. A formula for winding factor calculation of dual three-phase motor is developed. Then the electromagnetic performances of a 12-slot 10-pole SPM BLAC motor with alternate teeth wound are analyzed and compared to those of all teeth wound motor.
Finally the d-q models for dual three-phase PM BLAC motors are analyzed. The transformation and the steady-state electromagnetic torque equation when one set d-and q-axis quantities are transformed from the whole dual three-phase windings are deduced. The d-and q-axis inductances in one set d-q model for dual three-phase motor and two sets d-q models for three-phase motor are calculated and compared, and their relations are derived. Then the d-and q-axis inductances and torque-speed characteristic accounting for cross-coupling of the 12-slot 10-pole dual three-phase SPM BLAC motor with two different winding connections are computed and compared.
首先介绍并比较了现有的四种永磁同步电动机转矩计算方法：常参数法、考虑部分磁饱和法、磁链法和直接有限元法,并在磁链法的基础上提出了一种比较简单的考虑交互磁饱和的转矩计算方法,同时给出其在电动机斜槽时的应用。以一台内置式径向18槽6极永磁同步电动机为例,计算分析了交互磁饱和现象对转矩计算的影响,并进行了实验验证。
其次对双三相永磁同步电动机的结构和电磁性能进行了分析。选取12槽10极这种极槽配合结构,研究了不同绕组分布对电动机参数和性能的影响。以表贴式12槽10极永磁同步电动机为例,对采用不同绕组连接方式的双三相电动机的电磁性能进行了比较分析,并与传统三相、六相电动机的性能进行了比较。
接着对双三相全齿绕和隔齿绕电动机不同极槽配合进行了分析。计算了相应的绕组系数,归纳了其在极槽配合影响下的变化规律,并总结出适用于双三相全齿绕和隔齿绕电动机的绕组系数计算公式。以绕组系数最大、应用比较广泛的分数槽极槽配合为例,对双三相全齿绕和隔齿绕电动机的具体绕组分布进行了分析。选取表贴式12槽10极双三相永磁同步电动机为对象,计算分析了隔齿绕电动机的电磁性能,并与全齿绕电动机进行了比较。
最后对双三相永磁同步电动机的dq轴模型进行了分析。推导并总结出双三相永磁同步电动机转换为一套dq轴模型时的变换公式和稳态下的电压、磁链及转矩方程。以表贴式12槽10极双三相永磁同步电动机为例,分别计算了双三相绕组转换为一套dq轴模型和看做两套三相绕组转换为两套d1q1轴、d2q2轴模型下的电感,并总结出了它们之间的关系。最后计算比较了双三相永磁电动机采用不同绕组分布时考虑交互磁饱和的d、q轴电感和转矩-转速特性。
The permanent magnet (PM) motors are applied widely in the fields of aerospace, electric ship propulsion, electric vehicles and numerical control machines because of their high performance. Conventionally, the PM brushless motors are three-phase, but it has limit in high power applications. Therefore, multiphase motors become more and more popular because of their several attractive features. In this thesis, the dual three-phase PM brushless AC motor with fractional-slot and concentrated non-overlapping winding is studied. The electromagnetic performances, slot/pole combinations, alternate winding distributions and also the d-q models of the dual three-phase motor are analysed. In addition, the influence of cross-coupling magnetic saturation on torqur calculation is investigated.
First four existing torque calculation methods including constant parameters method, partial-coupling method, flux-linkage method and direct finit element method are described and compared. Then an improved analytical method accounting for cross-coupling and skew is proposed. It is employed to predict the d-and q-axis inductances and torque-speed characteristic of a skewed interior PM BLAC motor in the flux-weakening mode of operation, and validated by measurements.
Then the electromagnetic performances of dual three-phase PM BLAC motor are analyzed. A 12-slot 10-pole combination is selected, and two different winding connections are described. The open-circuit electromagnetic performances, armature reaction, phase winding inductances and static torque of a surface-mounted PM (SPM) BLAC motor are calculated and analyzed, and compared with those of conventional three-phase and six-phase motors.
Then the slot/pole combinations and winding connections of the dual three-phase motor with all teeth and alternate teeth wound are investigated. Winding factors are derived and calculated. A formula for winding factor calculation of dual three-phase motor is developed. Then the electromagnetic performances of a 12-slot 10-pole SPM BLAC motor with alternate teeth wound are analyzed and compared to those of all teeth wound motor.
Finally the d-q models for dual three-phase PM BLAC motors are analyzed. The transformation and the steady-state electromagnetic torque equation when one set d-and q-axis quantities are transformed from the whole dual three-phase windings are deduced. The d-and q-axis inductances in one set d-q model for dual three-phase motor and two sets d-q models for three-phase motor are calculated and compared, and their relations are derived. Then the d-and q-axis inductances and torque-speed characteristic accounting for cross-coupling of the 12-slot 10-pole dual three-phase SPM BLAC motor with two different winding connections are computed and compared.
引文
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