中空纤维支载液膜微萃技术在环境分析中的应用研究
|
摘要
样品前处理技术在有机污染物分析中有着十分重要的地位,它直接影响到分析结果的准确性。为了克服常规使用的液-液萃取等环境有机污染物样品前处理技术操作步骤繁琐、处理时间长、有机溶剂用量大的缺点,分析工作者提出了许多新的前处理技术如固相萃取、固相微萃取、膜萃取、微波辅助萃取、加速溶剂萃取、液相微萃取等,这些技术的共同特点是使用的有机溶剂少,被称为绿色样品前处理技术。本文在对这些技术进行综述的基础上,对基于支载液膜的液相微萃取技术进行了较为系统的研究。中空纤维支载液膜液相微萃取(HF-SLM)是近年来发展起来的一种新型的样品前处理技术,该技术集采样、萃取和浓缩于一体,需要有机溶剂量非常少,是一种环境友好的萃取技术。这种技术主要与气相色谱-或液相色谱-质谱(GC-MS、LC-MS)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)和毛细管电泳(CE)等仪器联用,用于一些难挥发和半挥发性环境污染物以及生物样品中低浓度药物残留的分析。本论文在前人工作的基础上,围绕样品前处理技术,开展了以下几个方面的研究工作:
(1)发展了一种中空纤维支载聚丙二醇(PPG)薄膜被动采样装置,用于环境水体中痕量异味化合物2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素的采样分析。实验优化了采样装置的制备材料和方法,考察了采样时间、样品盐度和pH值等对采样效率的影响,发现PPG 4000对2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素较高的分离富集能力。将该被动采样装置与顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用,获得了较低的检测限0.1 ng/L)。该被动采样装置已成功用于太湖水体中2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素的野外被动采样。
(2)发展了一种基于中空纤维支载液膜技术同时进行两相和三相萃取的复合微萃取模式,用于分离富集环境水样中的芳香胺类化合物。结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析测定,该方法所获得的富集倍数为415-2000,检测限0.5-1.5μg/L,线性范围5-200μg/L(r>0.9976)。同时,对实际环境样品进行了加标回收测定,得到了较好的回收率(80-103%),很好地消除了基质的干扰。
(3)利用离子液体的较强极性和对目标化合物的良好溶解性能,将其应用于中空纤维支载液膜三相微萃取体系,通过HPLC/UV检测分析,建立了环境水样中两性磺胺药物残留的分析方法。由于中空纤维支载离子液体液膜具有较好的稳定性,分析测定的结果也具有较好的重现性。对5种环境样品加入5μg/L磺胺类标准,方法测得的相对加标回收率为82.2%-103.2%(RSD≤5%)。
Sample pretreatment technology plays an important role in analyzing organic pollutants.The accuracy of the results strongly dependent on the sample pretreatment process.In order to overcome the disadvantage of tedious workup,large amounts of toxic organic solvent usage in the classical LLE extraction of environmental organic pollutants,many novel methods have been developed,such as solid phase extraction (SPE),solid phase microextraction(SPME),membrane extraction(ME),microwave assisted extraction(MAE),accelerated solvent extraction(ASE),and liquid phase microextraction(LPME).As these methods use small or no organic solvents,they are regarded as green pretreatment technology.This thesis systematically studied the application of hollow fiber supported liquid membrane liquid phase microextraction (HF-SLM) in environmental analysis.
Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane liquid phase microextraction is a novel sample pretreatment technique developed in recent years.With inexpensive apparatus, LPME virtually uses negligible organic solvents,and combines extraction, preconcentration and sample introduction in one step.This technique has been combined with gas chromatography(GC),high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis(CE) for the analysis of non-volatile and semivolatile environmental contaminations and drugs of low concentration in various samples.This dissertation focus on developments of new models of HF-LPME for the analysis of environmental pollutants:
1.A new a passive sampling device based on hollow fiber membrane-supported polypropylene glycol(PPG) was developed for sampling and determining Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in surface water.The material and preparation procedure for preparing the sampling device were optimized,and the effects of sampling time, sample salinity and pH on the sampling efficiency were studied.It was found that PPG 4000 exhibited high extraction selectivity and efficiency for the target Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol.By coupling this sampling device with headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC/MS,very low detection limit(0.1 ng/L) was obtained for Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol.This developed sampling device was successfully applied to field sampling of Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in Taihu lake,China.
2.A simultaneously performed two/three-phase hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME) method was developed for the determination of aromatic amines with a wide range ofpKa(-4.25-4.6) and log Kow(0.9-2.8) in environmental water samples.The mass transfer of the analytes from the donor phase through the organic membrane phase into acceptor phase was driven by both the counter-coupled transport of hydrogen ions and the pH gradient.Afterwards,the hollow fiber was eluted with 50μL methanol to capture the analytes from both the organic membrane and the acceptor phase.The proposed procedure worked very well for real environmental water samples with microgram per liter level of analytes,and good spike recoveries(80-103%) were obtained.
3.By using ionic liquid as the membrane liquid and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as an additive,hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was developed for the determination of five sulfonamides in environmental water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.The extraction solvent and the parameters affecting the extraction enrichment factor such as the type and amount of the additive,pH and volume ratio of donor phase and acceptor phase,extraction time,salt-out effect and matrix effect were optimized.Under the optimal extraction conditions(organic liquid membrane phase:[C_8MIM][PF_6]with 14%TOPO(w/v),donor phase:4 mL,pH 4.5 KH_2PO_4 with 2M Na_2SO_4,acceptor phase:25μL,pH 13 NaOH,extraction time:8 H),low detection limits(0.1-0.4μg/L,RSD≤5%) and good linear range(1-2000 ng/mL,r~2≥0.999) were obtained for all the analytes.The presence of humic acid (0-25 mg/L dissolved organic carbon) and bovine serum albumin(0-100μg/mL) had no significant effect on the extraction efficiency.Good spike recoveries over the range of 82.2-103.2%were obtained when applying the proposed method on five real environmental water samples.These results indicated that this present method was very sensitive and reliable with good repeatabilities and excellent clean-up in water samples.The proposed method confirmed hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane based LPME to be robust to monitoring trace levels of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine,sulfamethazine,sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole in aqueous samples.
(1)发展了一种中空纤维支载聚丙二醇(PPG)薄膜被动采样装置,用于环境水体中痕量异味化合物2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素的采样分析。实验优化了采样装置的制备材料和方法,考察了采样时间、样品盐度和pH值等对采样效率的影响,发现PPG 4000对2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素较高的分离富集能力。将该被动采样装置与顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用,获得了较低的检测限0.1 ng/L)。该被动采样装置已成功用于太湖水体中2-甲基异茨醇和土腥素的野外被动采样。
(2)发展了一种基于中空纤维支载液膜技术同时进行两相和三相萃取的复合微萃取模式,用于分离富集环境水样中的芳香胺类化合物。结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析测定,该方法所获得的富集倍数为415-2000,检测限0.5-1.5μg/L,线性范围5-200μg/L(r>0.9976)。同时,对实际环境样品进行了加标回收测定,得到了较好的回收率(80-103%),很好地消除了基质的干扰。
(3)利用离子液体的较强极性和对目标化合物的良好溶解性能,将其应用于中空纤维支载液膜三相微萃取体系,通过HPLC/UV检测分析,建立了环境水样中两性磺胺药物残留的分析方法。由于中空纤维支载离子液体液膜具有较好的稳定性,分析测定的结果也具有较好的重现性。对5种环境样品加入5μg/L磺胺类标准,方法测得的相对加标回收率为82.2%-103.2%(RSD≤5%)。
Sample pretreatment technology plays an important role in analyzing organic pollutants.The accuracy of the results strongly dependent on the sample pretreatment process.In order to overcome the disadvantage of tedious workup,large amounts of toxic organic solvent usage in the classical LLE extraction of environmental organic pollutants,many novel methods have been developed,such as solid phase extraction (SPE),solid phase microextraction(SPME),membrane extraction(ME),microwave assisted extraction(MAE),accelerated solvent extraction(ASE),and liquid phase microextraction(LPME).As these methods use small or no organic solvents,they are regarded as green pretreatment technology.This thesis systematically studied the application of hollow fiber supported liquid membrane liquid phase microextraction (HF-SLM) in environmental analysis.
Hollow fiber supported liquid membrane liquid phase microextraction is a novel sample pretreatment technique developed in recent years.With inexpensive apparatus, LPME virtually uses negligible organic solvents,and combines extraction, preconcentration and sample introduction in one step.This technique has been combined with gas chromatography(GC),high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis(CE) for the analysis of non-volatile and semivolatile environmental contaminations and drugs of low concentration in various samples.This dissertation focus on developments of new models of HF-LPME for the analysis of environmental pollutants:
1.A new a passive sampling device based on hollow fiber membrane-supported polypropylene glycol(PPG) was developed for sampling and determining Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in surface water.The material and preparation procedure for preparing the sampling device were optimized,and the effects of sampling time, sample salinity and pH on the sampling efficiency were studied.It was found that PPG 4000 exhibited high extraction selectivity and efficiency for the target Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol.By coupling this sampling device with headspace solid-phase microextraction-GC/MS,very low detection limit(0.1 ng/L) was obtained for Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol.This developed sampling device was successfully applied to field sampling of Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in Taihu lake,China.
2.A simultaneously performed two/three-phase hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction(HF-LPME) method was developed for the determination of aromatic amines with a wide range ofpKa(-4.25-4.6) and log Kow(0.9-2.8) in environmental water samples.The mass transfer of the analytes from the donor phase through the organic membrane phase into acceptor phase was driven by both the counter-coupled transport of hydrogen ions and the pH gradient.Afterwards,the hollow fiber was eluted with 50μL methanol to capture the analytes from both the organic membrane and the acceptor phase.The proposed procedure worked very well for real environmental water samples with microgram per liter level of analytes,and good spike recoveries(80-103%) were obtained.
3.By using ionic liquid as the membrane liquid and tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) as an additive,hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was developed for the determination of five sulfonamides in environmental water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.The extraction solvent and the parameters affecting the extraction enrichment factor such as the type and amount of the additive,pH and volume ratio of donor phase and acceptor phase,extraction time,salt-out effect and matrix effect were optimized.Under the optimal extraction conditions(organic liquid membrane phase:[C_8MIM][PF_6]with 14%TOPO(w/v),donor phase:4 mL,pH 4.5 KH_2PO_4 with 2M Na_2SO_4,acceptor phase:25μL,pH 13 NaOH,extraction time:8 H),low detection limits(0.1-0.4μg/L,RSD≤5%) and good linear range(1-2000 ng/mL,r~2≥0.999) were obtained for all the analytes.The presence of humic acid (0-25 mg/L dissolved organic carbon) and bovine serum albumin(0-100μg/mL) had no significant effect on the extraction efficiency.Good spike recoveries over the range of 82.2-103.2%were obtained when applying the proposed method on five real environmental water samples.These results indicated that this present method was very sensitive and reliable with good repeatabilities and excellent clean-up in water samples.The proposed method confirmed hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane based LPME to be robust to monitoring trace levels of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine,sulfamethazine,sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethoxazole in aqueous samples.
引文
Andersen S,Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2002.Liquid-phase microextraction combined with capillary electrophoresis,a promising tool for the determination of chiral drugs in biological matrices.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):303-312.
Andersen S,Halvorsen T,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen K,Tanum L,Refsum H.2003.Stereospecific determination of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram by capillary electrophoresis and liquid-phase microextraction.J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal 33(2):263-273.
Arab J,Yamini Y,Hosseini M,Shamsipur M.2004.Headspace solvent microextraction of trace amounts of BTX from water samples.Chemia Analityczna 49(1):129-137.
Arthur C,Killam L,Buchholz KD,Pawliszyn J,Berg JR.1992.Automation and Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction.Anal Chem 64(17):1960-1966.
Arthur C,Pawliszyn J.1990.Solid-Phase Microextraction with Thermal-Desorption Using Fused-Silica Optical Fibers.Anal Chem 62(19):2145-2148.
Arthur CL,Potter DW,Buchholz KD,Motlagh S,Pawliszyn J.1992.Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Direct Analysis of Water-Theory and Practice.Lc Gc-Magazine of Separation Science 10(9):656-&.
Bagheri H,Khalilian F.2005.Immersed solvent microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection of s-triazine herbicides in aquatic media.Anal Chim Acta 537(1-2):81-87.
Bagheri H,Saber A,Mousavi SR.2004.Immersed solvent microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols from water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1046(1-2):27-33.
Bagheri H,Salemi A.2006.Headspace solvent microextraction as a simple and highly sensitive sample pretreatment technique for ultra trace determination of geosmin in aquatic media.J Sep Sci 29(1):57-65.
Bahramifar N,Yamini Y,Shariati-Feizabadi S,Shamsipur M.2004.Trace analysis of methyl tert-butyl ether in water samples using headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.J Chromatogr A 1042(1-2):211-217.
Balinova A.1996.Strategies for chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in water.J Chromatogr A 754(1-2):125-135.
Bancon-Montigny C,Maxwell P,Yang L,Mester Z,Sturgeon RE.2002.Improvement of measurement precision of SPME-GC/MS determination of tributyltin using isotope dilution calibration.Anal Chem 74(21):5606-5613.
Bao ML,Barbieri K,Burrini D,Griffini O,Pantani F.1997.Determination of trace levels of taste and odor compounds in water by microextraction and gas chromatography ion trap detection mass spectrometry.Water Research 31(7):1719-1727.
Baran W,Sochacka J,Wardas W.2006.Toxicity and biodegradability of sulfonamides and products of their photocatalytic degradation in aqueous solutions.Chemosphere 65(8):1295-1299.
Barnabas IJ, Dean JR, Fowlis IA, Owen SP. 1995. Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons from Highly Contaminated Soils Using Microwave-Energy.Analyst 120(7):1897-1904.
Basheer C,Lee HK,Obbard JP.2004.Application of liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in blood plasma.J Chromatogr A 1022(1-2):161-169.
Basheer C,Balasubramanian R,Lee HK.2003.Determination of organic micropollutants in rainwater using hollow fiber membrane/liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1016(1):11-20.
Basheer C,Lee HK.2004.Analysis of endocrine disrupting alkylphenols,chlorophenols and bisphenol-A using hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction coupled with injection port-derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1057(1-2):163-169.
Basheer C,Lee HK,Obbard JP.2002.Determination of organochlorine pesticides in seawater using liquid-phase hollow fibre membrane microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 968(1-2):191-199.
Basheer C,Obbard JP,Lee HK.2005.Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments using a novel microwave assisted solvent extraction and liquid-phase microextraction technique.J Chromatogr A 1068(2):221-228.
Batlle R,Nerin C.2004.Application of single-drop microextraction to the determination of dialkyl phthalate esters in food simulants.J Chromatogr A 1045(1-2):29-35.
Bicchi C,Cordero C,Liberto E,Sgorbini B,Rubiolo P.2008.Headspace sampling of the volatile fraction of vegetable matrices.J Chromatogr A 1184(1-2):220-233.
Bjorhovde A,Halvorsen TG,Rasmussen KE,Pedersen-Bjergaard S.2003.Liquid-phase microextraction of drugs from human breast milk.Anal Chim Acta 491(2):155-161.
Bjorhovde A,Halvorsen TG,Rasmussen KE,Pedersen-Bjergaard S.2003.Liquid-phase microextraction of drugs from human breast milk.Analy Chim Acta 491(2):155-161.
Bonfiglio R,King RC,Olah TV,Merkle K.1999.The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 13(12):1175-1185.
Branco LC,Crespo JG,Afonso CAM.2002.Highly selective transport of organic compounds by using supported liquid membranes based on ionic liquids.Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 41(15):2771.
Branco LC,Rosa JN,Ramos JJM,Afonso CAM.2002.Preparation and characterization of new room temperature ionic liquids.Chemistry-a European Journal 8(16):3671-3677.
Brownlee B,Maclnnis G,Charlton M,Watson S,Hamilton-Browne S,Milne J.2004.An analytical method for shipboard extraction of the odour compounds,2-methylisoborneol and geosmin.Water Sci Technol 49(9):121-127.
Budzinski H,Letellier M,Garrigues P,Le Menach K. 1999.Optimisation of the microwave-assisted extraction in open cell of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils and sediments-Study of moisture effect.J Chromatogr A 837(1-2):187-200.
Cai LS,Xing J,Dong L,Wu CY.2003.Application of poiyphenylmethylsiloxane coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction combined with microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese teas.J Chromatogr A 1015(1-2):11-21.
Carabias-Martinez R,Rodriguez-Gonzalo E,Paniagua-Marcos PH,Hernandez-Mendez J.2000.Analysis of pesticide residues in matrices with high lipid contents by membrane separation coupled on-line to a high-performance liquid chromatography system.J Chromatogr A 866(1-2):427-439.
Carballa M,Omil F,Lema JM,Llompart M,Garcia-Jares C,Rodriguez I,Gomez M,Ternes T.2004.Behavior of pharmaceuticals,cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant.Water Res 38(12):2918-2926.
Carmichael AJ,Seddon KR.2000.Polarity study of some l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ambient-temperature ionic liquids with the solvatochromic dye,Nile Red.J Phys Org Chem 13(10):591-595.
Charalabaki M,Psillakis E,Mantzavinos D,Kalogerakis N.2005.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment plant effluents using hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction.Chemosphere 60(5):690-698.
Chen HW.2004.Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography.Anal Sci 20(10):1383-1388.
Chen PS,Huang SD.2006.Determination of ethoprop,diazinon,disulfoton and fenthion using dynamic hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Talanta 69(3):669-675.
Chen PS,Huang SD.2006.Coupled two-step microextraction devices with derivatizations to identify hydroxycarbonyls in rain samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J ChromatogrA 1118(2):161-167.
Chia KJ,Huang SD.2006.Analysis of organochlorine pesticides in wine by solvent bar microextraction coupled with gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20(2):118-124.
Chia KJ,Huang SD.2006.Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of primary amines in river water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection.J Chromatogr A 1103(1):158-161.
Chiang JS,Huang SD.2007.Determination of haloethers in water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction using GC-FID and GC-ECD.Talanta 71(2):882-886.
Chimuka L,Megersa N,Norberg J,Mathiasson L,Jonsson JA.1998.Incomplete trapping in supported liquid membrane extraction with a stagnant acceptor for weak bases.Anal Chem 70(18):3906-3911.
Choi KW,Kim Y,Chung DS.2004.Liquid-phase microextraction as an on-line preconcentration method in capillary electrophoresis.Anal Chem 76(3):855-858.
Chung KT.2000.Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of aromatic amines metabolically produced from azo dyes.Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews 18(1):51-74.
Colombini V,Bancon-Montigny C,Yang L,Maxwell P,Sturgeon RE,Mester Z.2004.Headspace single-drop microextration for the detection of organotin compounds.Talanta 63(3):555-560.
Conte ED,Conway SC,Miller DW,Perschbacher PW.1996.Determination of methylisoborneol in channel catfish pond water by solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Water Res 30(9):2125-2127.
Crespin MA,Ballesteros E,Gallego M,Valcarcel M.1997.Trace enrichment of phenols by on-line solid-phase extraction and gas chromatographic determination.J Chromatogr A 757(1-2):165-172.
de Jager LS,Andrews ARJ.2000.Development of a rapid screening technique for organochlorine pesticides using solvent microextraction(SME)and fast gas chromatography(GC).Analyst 125(11):1943-1948.
de Jager LS,Andrews ARJ.2001.Preliminary studies of a fast screening method for cocaine and cocaine metabolites in urine using hollow fibre membrane solvent microextraction(HFMSME).Analyst 126(8):1298-1303.
de Santana FJM,de Oliveira ARM,Bonato PS.2005.Chiral liquid chromatographic determination of mirtazapine in human plasma using two-phase liquid-phase microextraction for sample preparation.Anal Chim Acta 549(1-2):96-103.
Deng CH,Li N,Wang XC,Zhang XM,Zeng J.2005.Rapid determination of acetone in human blood by derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine followed by headspace liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19(5):647-653.
Deng CH,Yao N,Li N,Zhang XM.2005.Headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization for aldehyde analysis.J Sep Sci 28(17):2301-2305.
Diaz-Cruz MS,de Alda MJL,Barcelo D.2003.Environmental behavior and analysis of veterinary and human drugs in soils,sediments and sludge.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(6):340-351.
Dietz C,Sanz J,Camara C.2006.Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction coatings and related techniques.J Chromatogr A 1103(2):183-192.
Dmitrovic J,Chan SC,Chan SHY.2002.Analysis of pesticides and PCB congeners in serum by GC/MS with SPE sample cleanup.Toxicol Lett 134(1-3):253-258.
Dost K,Jones DC,Davidson G.2000.Determination of sulfonamides by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometric detection.Analyst 125(7):1243-1247.
Dressier M.1979.Extraction of Trace Amounts of Organic-Compounds from Water with Porous Organic Polymers.J Chromatogr 165(2):167-206.
Dubey DK,Pardasani D,Gupta AK,Palit M,Kanaujia PK,Tak V.2006.Hollow fiber-mediated liquid-phase microextraction of chemical warfare agents from water.J Chromatogr A 1107(1-2):29-35.
Enoch P,Putzler A,Rinne D,Schluter J.1998.Automated solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to gas chromatography.J Chromatogr A 822(1):75-82.
Fan ZF,Zhou W.2006.Dithizone-chloroform single drop microextraction system combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using Ir as permanent modifier for the determination of Cd in water and biological samples.Spectroc Acta Pt B-Atom Spectr 61(7):870-874.
Fang HF,Zeng ZR,Liu L,Pang DW.2006.On-line back-extraction field-amplified sample injection method for directly analyzing cocaine and thebaine in the extractants by solvent microextraction.Anal Chem 78(4):1257-1263.
Figueroa R,Garcia M,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2005.Photoassisted vapor generation in the presence of organic acids for ultrasensitive determination of Se by electrothermal-atomic absorption,spectrometry following headspace single-drop microextraction.Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 60(12):1556-1563.
Fortunato R,Afonso CAM,Benavente J,Rodriguez-Castellon E,Crespo JG.2005.Stability of supported ionic liquid membranes as studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.J Membrane Sci 256(1-2):216-223.
Fortunato R,Afonso CAM,Reis MAM,Crespo JG.2004.Supported liquid membranes using ionic liquids:study of stability and transport mechanisms.J Membrane Sci 242(1-2):197-209.
Fragueiro S,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2004.Headspace sequestration of arsine onto a Pd(II)-containing aqueous drop as a preconcentration method for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 59(6):851-855.
Fragueiro S,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2006.Hydride generation-headspace single-drop microextraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry method for determination of selenium in waters after photoassisted prereduction.Talanta 68(4):1096-1101.
Fries E,Puttmann W.2002.Analysis of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)in water by means of solid phase extraction combined with GC/MS.Water Res 36(9):2319-2327.
Gil S,Fragueiro S,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2005.Determination of methylmercury by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using headspace single-drop microextraction with in situ hydride generation.Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 60(1):145-150.
Gioti EM,Skalkos DC,Fiamegos YC,Stalikas CD.2005.Single-drop liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of hypericin,pseudohypericin and hyperforin in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1093(1-2):1-10.
Gonzalez-Penas E,Leache C,Viscarret M,de Obanos AP,Araguas C,de Cerain AL.2004.Determination of ochratoxin A in wine using liquid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.J Chromatogr A 1025(2):163-168.
Gorecki T,Yu XM,Pawliszyn J.1999.Theory of analyte extraction by selected porous polymer SPME fibres.Analyst 124(5):643-649.
Grinberg P,Campos RC,Mester Z,Sturgeon RE.2003.A comparison of alkyl derivatization methods for speciation of mercury based on solid phase microextraction gas chromatography with furnace atomization plasma emission spectrometry detection.J Anal Atom Spectrom 18(8):902-909.
Guillermina F,Ana J-G,Yolanda P.2007.Pressurized liquid extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as an improved methodology for the determination of sulfonamide residues in meat.J Chromatogr A 1159(1-2):233-241.
Guo L,Liang P,Zhang TZ,Liu Y,Liu S.2005.Use of continuous-flow microextraction and liquid chromatography for determination of phoxim in water samples.Chromatographia 61(9-10):523-526.
Guo XM,Mester Z,Sturgeon RE.2002.Comparison of chloride-and hydride-generation for quantitation of germanium by headspace solid-phase microextraction-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Anal Bioanal Chem 373(8):849-855.
Guo YG,Zhang J,Liu DN,Fu HF.2006.Determination of n-octanol-water partition coefficients by hollow-fiber membrane solvent microextraction coupled with HPLC.Anal Bioanal Chem 386(7-8):2193-2198.
Gupta M,Jain A,Verma KK.2007.Optimization of experimental parameters in single-drop microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of periodate by the Malaprade reaction,and its application to ethylene glycol.Talanta 71(3):1039-1046.
Haller MY,Muller SR,McArdell CS,Alder AC,Suter MJF.2002.Quantification of veterinary antibiotics (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) in animal manure by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 952(1-2):111-120.
Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2001.Liquid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis of citalopram,an antidepressant drug.J Chromatogr A 909(1):87-93.
Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2001.Reduction of extraction times in liquid-phase microextraction.J Chromatogr B 760(2):219-226.
Hansson E,Hakkarainen M.2006.Multiple headspace single-drop microextraction-a new technique for quantitative determination of styrene in polystyrene.J Chromatogr A 1102(1-2):91-95.
Hassett AJ,Rohwer ER.1999.Analysis of odorous compounds in water by isolation by closed-loop stripping with a multichannel silicons rubber trap followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 849(2):521-528.
He Y,Lee HK.1997.Liquid phase microextraction in a single drop of organic solvent by using a conventional microsyringe.Anal Chem 69(22):4634-4640.
He Y,Lee HK.2006.Continuous flow microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of pesticides in natural waters.J Chromatogr A 1122(1-2):7-12.
Heringa MB,Hermens JLM.2003.Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction(nd-SPME).Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(10):575-587.
Hernandez F,Morell I,Beltran J,Lopez FJ.1993.Multiresidue Procedure for the Analysis of Pesticides in Groundwater-Application to Samples from the Comunidad-Valenciana,Spain.Chromatographia 37(5-6):303-312.
Ho TS,Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2003.Liquid-phase microextraction of hydrophilic drugs by carrier-mediated transport.J Chromatogr A 998(1-2):61-72.
Ho TS,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2002.Recovery,enrichment and selectivity in liquid-phase microextraction-Comparison with conventional liquid-liquid extraction.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):3-17.
Ho TS,Reubsaet JLE,Anthonsen HS,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2005.Liquid-phase microextraction based on carrier mediated transport combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-New concept for the determination of polar drugs in a single drop of human plasma.J Chromatogr A 1072(1):29-36.
Hou L,Lee HK.2002.Application of static and dynamic liquid-phase microextraction in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.J Chromatogr A 976(1-2):377-385.
Hou L,Lee HK.2003.Dynamic three-phase microextraction as a sample preparation technique prior to capillary electrophoresis.Anal Chem 75(11):2784-2789.
Hou L,Shen G,Lee HK.2003.Automated hollow fiber-protected dynamic liquid-phase microextraction of pesticides for gas chromatography-Mass spectrometric analysis.J ChromatogrA985(1-2):107-116.
Huang CH,Renew JE,Smeby KL,Pinkston K,Sedlak DL.2001.Assessment of potential antibiotic contaminants in water and preliminary occurrence analysis.The 2nd International conference on pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water,national ground water association,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
Huang SP,Huang SD.2006.Dynamic hollow fiber protected liquid phase microextraction and quantification using gas chromatography combined with electron capture detection of organochlorine pesticides in green tea leaves and ready-to-drink tea.J Chromatogr A 1135(1):6-11.
Izaguirre G,Hwang CJ,Krasner SW,McGuire MJ.1982.Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol from Cyanobacteria in 3 Water-Supply Systems.Appl Environ Microbiol 43(3):708-714.
Izaguirre G,Taylor WD.1995.Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Production in a Major Aqueduct System.Water Sci Technol 31(11):41-48.
Jahr D.1998.Determination of alkyl,chloro and mononitrophenols in water by sample-acetylation and automatic on-line solid phase extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Chromatographia 47(1-2):49-56.
Jeannot MA,Cantwell FF.1996.Solvent microextraction into a single drop.Anal Chem 68(13):2236-2240.
Jeannot MA,Cantwell FF.1997.Mass transfer characteristics of solvent extraction into a single drop at the tip of a syringe needle.Anal Chem 69(2):235-239.
Jiang XM,Lee HK.2004.Solvent bar microextraction.Anal Chem 76(18):5591-5596.
Jiang XM,Basheer C,Zhang H,Lee HK.2005.Dynamic hollow fiber-supported headspace liquid-phase microextraction.J Chromatogr A 1087(1-2):289-294.
Jonsson JA,Lovkvist P,Audunsson G,Nilve G.1993.Mass-Transfer Kinetics for Analytical Enrichment and Sample Preparation Using Supported Liquid Membranes in a Flow System with Stagnant Acceptor Liquid.Anal Chim Acta 277(1):9-24.
Jung J,Kim Y,Kim J,Jeong DH,Choi K.2008.Environmental levels of ultraviolet light potentiate the toxicity of sulfonamide antibiotics in Daphnia magna.Ecotoxicology 17(1):37-45.
Kannamkumarath SS,Wuilloud RG,Jayasinghe S,Caruso JA.2004.Fast speciation analysis of iodophenol compounds in river waters by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with off-line solid-phase microextraction.Electrophoresis 25(12):1843-1851.
Kataoka H.1996.Derivatization reactions for the determination of amines by gas chromatography and their applications in environmental analysis.J Chromatogr A 733(1-2):19-34.
Kawaguchi M,Ito R,Endo N,Okanouchi N,Sakui N,Saito K,Nakazawa H.2006.Liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for measurement of bisphenol A in river water sample by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1110(1-2):1-5.
Kaykhaii M,Rahmani M.2007.Headspace liquid phase microextraction for quantitation of hexanal in potato crisps by gas chromatography.J Sep Sci 30(4):573-578.
Kaykhaii M,Nazari S,Chamsaz M.2005.Determination of aliphatic amines in water by gas chromatography using headspace solvent microextraction.Talanta 65(1):223-228.
Khajeh M,Yamini Y,Hassan M.2006.Trace analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples using headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatography/electron capture detection.Talanta 69(5):1088-1094.
King S,Meyer JS,Andrews ARJ.2002.Screening method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil using hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction.J Chromatogr A 982(2):201-208.
Kokosa JM,Przyjazny A.2003.Headspace microdrop analysis-an alternative test method for gasoline diluent and benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylenes in used engine oils.J Chromatogr A 983(1-2):205-214.
Kompany-Zareh M,Tavallali H,Sajjadi M.2002.Application of generalized artificial neural networks coupled with an orthogonal design to optimization of a system for the kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II).Anal Chim Acta 469(2):303-310.
Koziel JA,Noah J,Pawliszyn J.2001.Field sampling and determination of formaldehyde in indoor air with solid-phase microextraction and on-fiber derivatization.Environ Sci Technol 35(7):1481-1486.
Kramer KE, Andrews ARJ. 2001. Screening method for
ll-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in urine using hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction with in-tube derivatization.J Chromatogr B 760(1):27-36.
Kummerer K.2002.Drugs in the environment:emission of drugs,diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources-a review(vol 45,pg 957,2001).Chemosphere 48(3):PII S0045-6535(02)00088-7.
Lai BW,Liu BM,Malik PK,Wu HF.2006.Combination of liquid-phase hollow fiber membrane microextraction with gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of dichlorophenol isomers in water and urine.Anal Chim Acta 576(1):61-66.
Lambropoulou DA,Albanis TA.2004.Application of solvent microextraction in a single drop for the determination of new antifouling agents in waters.J Chromatogr A 1049(1-2):17-23.
Lambropoulou DA,Albanis TA.2004.Sensitive trace enrichment of environmental andiandrogen vinclozolin from natural waters and sediment samples using hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction.J Chromatogr A 1061(1):11-18.
Lambropoulou DA,Albanis TA.2005.Application of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of insecticides in water.J Chromatogr A 1072(1):55-61.
Lambropoulou DA,Psillakis E,Albanis TA,Kalogerakis N.2004.Single-drop microextraction for the analysis of organophosphorous insecticides in water.Anal Chim Acta 516(1-2):205-211.
Lee HSN,Basheer C,Lee HK.2006.Determination of trace level chemical warfare agents in water and slurry samples using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1124(1-2):91-96.
Lee HSN,Sng MT,Basheer C,Lee HK.2007.Determination of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction with in-situ derivatisation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1148(1):8-15.
Leinonen A,Vuorensola K,Lepola LM,Kuuranne T,Kotiaho T,Ketola RA,Kostiainen R.2006.Liquid-phase microextraction for sample preparation in analysis of unconjugated anabolic steroids in urine.Anal Chim Acta 559(2):166-172.
Lewis RJ.1992.Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials,8th edition.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,New York.
Li L,Hu B,Xia LB,Jiang ZC.2006.Determination of trace Cd and Pb in environmental and biological samples by ETV-ICP-MS after single-drop microextraction. Talanta 70(2):468-473.
Li N,Deng CH,Yao N,Shen XZ,Zhang XM.2005.Determination of acetone,hexanal and heptanal in blood samples by derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine followed
by headspace single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Anal Chim Acta 540(2):317-323.
Li N,Deng CH,Yin XY,Yao N,Shen XZ,Zhang XM.2005.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human blood by headspace single-drop microextraction with droplet derivatization.Anal Biochem 342(2):318-326.
Li YL,Zhang TZ,Liang P.2005.Application of continuous-flow liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of volatile halohydrocarbons in water.Anal Chim Acta 536(1-2):245-249.
Liang P,Guo L,Liu Y,Liu S,Zhang TZ.2005.Application of liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of phoxim in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector.Microchem J 80(1):19-23.
Liang P,Xu J,Guo L,Song F.2006.Dynamic liquid-phase microextraction with HPLC for the determination of phoxin in water samples.J Sep Sci 29(3):366-370.
Lin CY, Huang SD. 2008. Application of liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid-chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in water.Anal Chim Acta 612(1):37-43.
Littlefield NA,Sheldon WG,Allen R,Gaylor DW.1990.Chronic Toxicity Carcinogenicity Studies of Sulfamethazine in Fischer 344/N Rats-2-Generation Exposure.Food Chem Toxicol 28(3):157-167.
Liu BM,Malik P,Wu HF.2004.Single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of anisaldehyde isomers in human urine and blood serum.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(18):2059-2064.
Liu HH,Dasgupta PK.1996.Analytical chemistry in a drop.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15(9):468-475.
Liu J,Jiang GB,Chi YG,Cai YQ,Zhou QX,Hu JT.2003.Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Anal Chem 75(21):5870-5876.
Liu JF,Chi YG,Jiang GB.2005.Screening the extractability of some typical environmental pollutants by ionic liquids in liquid-phase microextraction.J Sep Sci 28(1):87-91.
Liu JF,Peng JF,Chi Y,Jiang GB.2005.Determination of formaldehyde in shiitake mushroom by ionic liquid-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography.Talanta 65(3):705-709.
Liu WP,Lee HK.2000.Continuous-flow microextraction exceeding 1000-fold concentration of dilute analytes.Anal Chem 72(18):4462-4467.
Liu Y,Hashi Y,Lin JM.2007.Continuous-flow microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water.Anal Chim Acta 585(2):294-299.
Liu Y,Zhao EC,Zhou ZQ.2006.Single-drop microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of fungicide in water and wine samples.Anal Lett 39(11):2333-2344.
Lloyd SW,Lea JM,Zimba PV,Grimm CC.1998.Rapid analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using solid phase micro extraction procedures.Water Res 32(7):2140-2146.
Longo M,Cavallaro A.1996.Determination of aromatic amines at trace levels by derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and gas chromatography electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 753(1):91-100.
Lopez-Bianco C,Gomez-Alvarez S,Rey-Garrote M,Cancho-Grande B,Simal-Gandara J.2005.Determination of carbamates and organophosphorus pesticides by SDME-GC in natural water.Anal Bioanal Chem 383(4):557-561.
Lopez-Bianco MC,Blanco-Cid S,Cancho-Grande B,Simal-Gandara J.2003.Application of single-drop microextraction and comparison with solid-phase microextraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of alpha-and beta-endosulfan in water samples by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.J Chromatogr A 984(2):245-252.
Lord H,Pawliszyn J.2000.Evolution of solid-phase microextraction technology.J Chromatogr A 885(1-2):153-193.
Ma MH,Cantwell FF.1999.Solvent microextraction with simultaneous back-extraction for sample cleanup and preconcentration:Preconcentration into a single microdrop.Anal Chem 71(2):388-393.
Mallevialle J,Fiessinger F,Suffet IH,Cairo PR.1981.Monitoring of Granular Activated Carbon Filters-Comparison of American and French Experience.Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 181(MAR):56-ENVR.
Marlow M,Hurtubise RJ.2004.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis.Anal Chim Acta 526(1):41-49.
Martos PA,Pawliszyn J.1999.Time-weighted average sampling with solid-phase microextraction devise:Implications for enhanced personal exposure monitoring to airborne pollutants.Anal Chem71(8):1513-1520.
Matsumoto M,Inomoto Y,Kondo K.2005.Selective separation of aromatic hydrocarbons through supported liquid membranes based on ionic liquids.J Membrane Sci 246(1):77-81.
McClure EL,Wong CS.2007.Solid phase microextraction of macrolide,trimethoprim,and sulfonamide antibiotics in wastewaters.J Chromatogr A 1169:53-62.
Melwanki MB,Hsu WH,Huang SD.2005.Determination of clenbuterol in urine using headspace solid phase microextraction or liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction.Anal Chim Acta 552(1-2):67-75.
Melwanki MB,Huang SD.2006.Extraction of hydroxyaromatic compounds in river water by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with automated movement of the acceptor and the donor phase.J Sep Sci 29(13):2078-2084.
Merschman SA,Lubbad SH,Tilotta DC.1998.Poly(dimethylsiloxane)films as sorbents for solid-phase microextraction coupled with infrared spectroscopy.J Chromatogr A 829(1-2):377-384.
Meurer EC,Tomazela DM,Silva RC,Augusto F,Eberlin MN.2002.Fiber introduction mass spectrometry:Fully direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction with mass spectrometry.Anal Chem 74(21):5688-5692.
Mohammadi A,Alizadeh N.2006.Automated dynamic headspace organic solvent film microextraction for benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene-Renewable liquid film as a sampler by a programmable motor.J Chromatogr A 1107(1-2):19-28.
Mueller S,Moeder M,Schrader S,Popp P.2003.Semi-automated hollow-fibre membrane extraction,a novel enrichment technique for the determination of biologically active compounds in water samples.J Chromatogr A 985(1-2):99-106.
Mulder MHV.1991.Basic Principles of Membrane Technology.Dordrecht:Kluwer.
Musteata FM,Pawliszyn J.2007.Bioanalytical applications of solid-phase microextraction.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 26(1):36-45.
Nilsson T,Pelusio F,Montanarella L,Larsen B,Facchetti S,Madsen JO.1995.An Evaluation of Solid-Phase Microextraction for Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water.Hrc-Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18(10):617-624.
Omur-Ozbek P,Dietrich AM.2005.Determination of temperature-dependent Henry's law constants of odorous contaminants and their application to human perception.Environ Sci Technol 39(11):3957-3963.
Ouyang G,Pawliszyn J.2006.SPME in environmental analysis.Anal Bioanal Chem 386(4):1059-1073.
Ouyang G,Zhao WN,Pawliszyn J.2007.Automation and optimization of liquid-phase microextraction by gas chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1138(1-2):47-54.
Palit M,Pardasani D,Gupta AK,Dubey DK.2005.Application of single drop microextraction for analysis of chemical warfare agents and related compounds in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Anal Chem 77(2):711-717.
Palmentier J,Taguchi VY,Jenkins SWD,Wang DT,Ngo KP,Robinson D.1998.The determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry.Water Res 32(2):287-294.
Palmentier Jpfp,Taguchi VY.2001.The determination of six taste and odour compounds in water using Ambersorb 572 and high resolution mass spectrometry.Analyst 126(6):840-845.
Pan HJ,Ho WH.2004.Determination of fungicides in water using liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection.Anal Chim Acta 527(1):61-67.
Pardasani D,Kanaujia PK,Gupta AK,Tak V,Shrivastava RK,Dubey DK.2007.In situ derivatization hollow fiber mediated liquid phase microextraction of alkylphosphonic acids from water.J Chromatogr A 1141(2):151-157.
Patsias J,Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E.2000.Development of an automated on-line solid-phase extraction-highperformance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of aniline,phenol,caffeine and various selected substituted aniline and phenol compounds in aqueous matrices.J Chromatogr A 904(2):171-188.
Pawliszyn J.1997.Solid phase microextraction:theory and practice:Wiley-VCH.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2005.Bioanalysis of drugs by liquid-phase microextraction coupled to separation techniques.J Chromatogr B 817(1):3-12.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Ho TS,Rasmussen KE.2002.Fundamental studies on selectivity in 3-phase liquid-phase microextraction(LPME)of basic drugs.J Sep Sci 25(3):141-146.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.1999.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for sample preparation of biological fluids prior to capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 71(14):2650-2656.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2008.Liquid-phase microextraction with porous hollow fibers,a miniaturized and highly flexible format for liquid-liquid extraction.J Chromatogr A 1184(1-2):132-142.
Peng JF,Liu JF,Hu XL,Jiang GB.2007.Direct determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples by hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1139(2):165-170.
Przyjazny A,Kokosa JM.2002.Analytical characteristics of the determination of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylenes in water by headspace solvent microextraction.J Chromatogr A 977(2):143-153.
Psillakis E,Kalogerakis N.2001.Application of solvent microextraction to the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in water samples.J Chromatogr A 907(1-2):211-219.
Psillakis E,Kalogerakis N.2003.Developments in liquid-phase microextraction.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(10):565-574.
Psillakis E,Kalogerakis N.2003.Hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters from water.J Chromatogr A 999(1-2):145-153.
Psillakis E,Mantzavinos D,Kalogerakis N.2004.Development of a hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction method to monitor the sonochemical degradation of explosives in water.Anal Chim Acta 501(1):3-10.
Puig D,Barcelo D.1996.Determination of phenolic compounds in water and waste water.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15(8):362-375.
Raich-Montiu J,Folch J,Compano R,Granados A,Prat MD.2007.Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamides in surface water and soil samples by liquid chromatography-fluorescence.J Chromatogr A 1172(2):186-193.
Rashash DMC,Dietrich AM,Hoehn RC.1997.FPA of selected odorous compounds.J Am Water Work Assoc 89(4):131-141.
Rasmussen KE,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Krogh M,Ugland HG,Gronhaug T.2000.Development of a simple in-vial liquid-phase microextraction device for drag analysis compatible with capillary gas chromatography,capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 873(1):3-11.
Reddy-Noone K, Jain A, Verma KK. 2007. Liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of bromate,iodate,bromide and iodide in high-chloride matrix.J Chromatogr A 1148(2):145-151.
Richoll SM,Colon 1.2006.Determination of triphenylphosphine oxide in active pharmaceutical ingredients by hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1127(1-2):147-153.
Richter BE,Ezzell JL,Felix D,Roberts KA,Late DW.1995.An Accelerated Solvent-Extraction System for the Rapid Preparation of Environmental Organic-Compounds in Soil.Am Lab 27(4):24-28.
Richter BE,Jones BA,Ezzell JL,Porter NL,Avdalovic N,Pohl C.1996.Accelerated solvent extraction:A technique for sample preparation.Anal Chem 68(6):1033-1039.
Riter LS,Meurer EC,Cotte-Rodriguez I,Eberlin MN,Cooks RG.2003.Solid phase micro-extraction in a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer.Analyst 128(9):1119-1122.
Rodriguez R,Manes J,Pico Y.2003.Off-line solid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to determine acidic pesticides in fruits.Anal Chem 75(3):452-459.
Safferman RS,Rosen AA,Mashni CI,Morris ME.1967.Earthy-smelling substance from a blue-green alga.Environ Sci Technol 1(5):429-430.
Sakamoto A,Niki T,Watanabe YW.2006.Establishment of long-term preservation for dimethyl sulfide by the solid-phase microextraction method.Anal Chem 78(13):4593-4597.
Salemi A,Lacorte S,Bagheri H,Barcelo D.2006.Automated trace determination of earthy-musty odorous compounds in water samples by on-line purge-and-trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1136(2):170-175.
Sarafra-Yazdi A,Es'haghi Z.2006.Antibiotic-assisted three-phase liquid-phase microextraction of aromatic amines from aqueous solutions combined with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Anal Chem 61(8):787-793.
Sarafraz Yazdi Ali,Es'haghi Zarrin.2005.Surfactant enhanced liquid-phase microextraction of basic drugs of abuse in hair combined with high performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1094(1-2):1-8.
Sarafraz-Yazdi A,Beiknejad D,Es'haghi Z.2005.LC determination of mono-substituted phenols in water using liquid-liquid-liquid phase microextraction.Chromatographia 62(l-2):49-54.
Sarafraz-Yazdi A,Es'haghi Z.2006.Comparison of hollow fiber and single-drop liquid-phase microextraction techniques for HPLC determination of aniline derivatives in water.Chromatographia 63(11-12):563-569.
Saraji M.2005.Dynamic headspace liquid-phase microextraction of alcohols.J Chromatogr A 1062(1):15-21.
Saraji M,Bakhshi M.2005.Determination of phenols in water samples by single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection.J Chromatogr A 1098(1-2):30-36.
Shariati-Feizabadi S,Yamini Y,Bahramifar N.2003.Headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples.Anal Chim Acta 489(1):21-31.
Shen Q,Lee HK.2002.Hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides.Anal Chem 74(3):648-654.
Shen G,Lee HK.2003.Headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes in soil with gas chromatography-electron capture detection.Anal Chem 75(1):98-103.
Shin HS,Ahn HS.2004.Simple,rapid,and sensitive determination of odorous compounds in water by GC-MS.Chromatographia 59(1-2):107-113.
Shioji H,Tsunoi S,Harino H,Tanaka M.2004.Liquid-phase microextraction of tributyltin and triphenyltin coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-Comparison between 4-fluorophenyl and ethyl derivatizations.J Chromatogr A 1048(1):81-88.
Simpson MR,MacLeod BW.1991.Comparison of various powder activated carbons for the removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in selected water conditions.Proceedings of the 1991 American Water Works Association Annual Conference.Philadelphia:American WaterWorksAssociation.
Slater GP,VC,B.1983.Volatile Compounds of the Cyanophyceae-a Review.Water Sci Technol 15(6-7):181-190.
Sterner JL,Johnston MV,Nicol GR,Ridge DP.2000.Signal suppression in electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry of multi-component samples.J Mass Spectrom 35(3):385-391.
Tamer U,Ertas N,Udum YA,Sahin Y,Pekmez K,Yildiz A.2005.Electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction(EC-SPME)based on overoxidized sulfonated polypyrrole.Talanta 67(1):245-251.
Tan L,Zhao XP,Liu XQ,Ju HX,Li JS.2005.Headspace liquid-phase microextraction of short-chain fatty acids in plasma,and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.Chromatographia 62(5-6):305-309.
Tanabe A,Suzuki S,Hanada Y.1999.Evaluation of an ultrasonic extraction method compared with the Soxhlet extraction method for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes in airborne particulate matter.Bunseki Kagaku 48(10):939-944.
Tankeviciute A,Kazlauskas R,Vickackaite V.2001.Headspace extraction of alcohols into a single drop.Analyst 126(10):1674-1677.
Tankeviciute A,Bobnis R,Kazlauskas R,Vickackaite V.2005.Single drop microextraction of esters:Comparison of headspace and direct extractions.Chemia Analityczna 50(3):539-549.
Teng CH,Chen YC.2003.Fiber introduction mass spectrometry:coupling solid-phase microextraction with sol-gel-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17(10):1092-1094.
Tong H,Sze N,Thomson B,Nacson S,Pawliszyn J.2002.Solid phase microextraction with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization introduction to mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry.Analyst 127(9):1207-1210.
Tor A.2006.Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by drop-based liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection.J Chromatogr A 1125(1):129-132.
Tor A,Aydin ME.2006.Application of liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of trihalomethanes in water.Anal Chim Acta 575(1):138-143.
Tseng CM,DeDiego A,Martin FM,Amouroux D,Donard OFX.1997.Rapid determination of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in biological reference materials by hydride generation,cryofocusing,atomic absorption spectrometry after open focused microwave-assisted alkaline digestion.J Anal At Spectrom 12(7):743-750.
Ugland HG,Krogh M,Rasmussen KE.2000.Liquid-phase microextraction as a sample preparation technique prior to capillary gas chromatographic-determination of benzodiazepines in biological matrices.J Chromatogr B 749(1):85-92.
Ugland HG,Krogh M,Reubsaet L.2003.Three-phase liquid-phase microextraction of weakly basic drugs from whole blood.J Chromatogr B 798(1):127-135.
Ulrich S.2000.Solid-phase microextraction in biomedical analysis.J Chromatogr A 902(1):167-194.
Vazquez MJ,Cairo AM,Lorenzo RA,Cela R.1997.Optimization of methylmercury microwave-assisted extraction from aquatic sediments.Analy Chem 69(2):221-225.
Verzegnassi L, Savoy-Perroud MC, Stadler RH. 2002. Application of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to the detection of 10 sulfonamides in honey.J Chromatogr A 977(1):77-87.
Vidal L,Canals A,Kalogerakis N,Psillakis E.2005.Headspace single-drop microextraction for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples.J Chromatogr A 1089(1-2):25-30.
Vidal L,Psillakis E,Domini CE,Grane N,Marken F,Canals A.2007.An ionic liquid as a solvent for headspace single drop microextraction of chlorobenzenes from water samples.Anal Chimica Acta 584:189-195.
Vonderheide AP,Montes-Bayon M,Caruso JA.2002.Solid-phase microextraction as a sample preparation strategy for the analysis of seleno amino acids by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Analyst 127(1):49-53.
Vora-adisak N,Varanusupakul P.2006.A simple supported liquid hollow fiber membrane microextraction for sample preparation of trihalomethanes in water samples.J Chromatogr A 1121(2):236-241.
Voyksner RD,Straub R,Keever JT,Freeman HS,Hsu WN.1993.Determination of Aromatic-Amines Originating from Azo Dyes by Chemical-Reduction Combined with Liquid-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry.Environ Sci Technol 27(8):1665-1672.
Wang J,Jiang D,Yan X.2006.Determination of substituted benzenes in water samples by fiber-in-tube liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.Talanta 68(3):945-950.
Wang W,Shen S,An H,Shi X.2004.Determining mole ratio of monomers in new adsorbent of solid-phase microextraction by infrared spectroscopy.Spectrosc Spect Anal 24(1):59-61.
Wang X,Jiang T,Yuan J,Cheng C,Liu J,Shi J,Zhao R.2006.Determination of volatile residual sovents in pharmaceutical porducts by headspace liquid-pahse microextraction gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.Anal Bioanal Chem 385(6):1082-1083.
Wang Y,Kwok YC,He Y,Lee HK.1998.Application of dynamic liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of chlorobenzenes in water by using a conventional microsyringe.Anal Chem 70(21):4610-4614.
Wang Z H,Dou J,Macura D,Durance TD,Nakai S.1997.Solid phase extraction for GC analysis of beany flavours in soymilk.Food Res Int 30(7):503-511.
Watson SB,Brownlee B,Satchwill T,Hargesheimer EE.2000.Quantitative analysis of trace levels of geosmin and M1B in source and drinking water using headspace SPME.Water Res 34(10):2818-2828.
Wu HF,Yen JH,Chin CC.2006.Combining drop-to-drop solvent microextraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electronic ionization and self-ion/molecule reaction method to determine methoxyacetophenone isomers in one drop of water.Anal Chem 78(5):1707-1712.
Wu JC,Yu XM,Lord H,Pawliszyn J.2000.Solid phase microextraction of inorganic anions based on polypyrrole film.Analyst 125(3):391-394.
Wu JM,Ee KH,Lee HK.2005.Automated dynamic liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental waters.J Chromatogr A 1082(2):121-127.
Wu JM,Lee HK.2006.Injection port derivatization following ion-pair hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction for determining acidic herbicides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Anal Chem 78(20):7292-7301.
Wu JM,Lee HK.2006.Ion-pair dynamic liquid-phase microextraction combined with injection-port derivatization for the determination of long-chain fatty acids in water samples.J Chromatogr A 1133(1-2):13-20.
Xia LB,Hu B,Jiang ZC,Wu YL,Chen R,Li L.2006.Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS for the speciation of inorganic selenium in natural waters.J Anal Atom Spectrom 21(3):362-365.
Xia LB,Hu B,Jiang ZC,Wu YL,Li L,Chen R.2005.8-Hydroxyquinoline-chloroform single drop microextraction and electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS for the fractionation of aluminium in natural waters and drinks.J Anal Atom Spectrom 20(5):441-446.
Xiao Q,Yu CH,Xing J,Hu B.2006.Comparison of headspace and direct single-drop microextraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction for the measurement of volatile sulfur compounds in beer and beverage by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.J Chromatogr A 1125(1):133-137.
Xiao Q,Hu B,Ye C,Xia L,Jiang Z.2006.Optimization of a single-drop microextraction procedure for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in wtaer and fruit juice with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection.Talanta 69(4):848-855.
Xie Y,He J,Huang J,Zhang J,Yu Z.2007.Determination of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin Produced by Streptomyces sp. and Anabaena PCC7120. J Agric Food Chem 55(17):6823-6828.
Yamini Y,Hosseini MH,Hojaty M,Arab J.2004.Headspace solvent microextraction of trihalomethane compounds into a single drop.J Chromatogr Sci 42(1):32-36.
Yan CH,Wu HF.2004.A liquid-phase microextraction method,combining a dual gauge microsyringe with a hollow fiber membrane,for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous solution by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(24):3015-3018.
Yang L,Mester Z,Abranko L,Sturgeon RE.2004.Determination of total chromium in seawater by isotope dilution sector field ICPMS using GC sample introduction.Anal Chem 76(13):3510-3516.
Yang Y,Li B.1999.Subcritical water extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography.Anal Chem 71(8):1491-1495.
Yazdi AS,Es'haghi Z.2005.Two-step hollow fiber-based,liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography:A new approach to determination of aromatic amines in water.J Chromatogr A 1082(2):136-142.
Ye CL,Zhou OX,Wang XM,Xiao JP.2007.Determination of phenols in environmental water samples by ionic liquid-based headspace liquid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Sep Sci 30(1):42-47.
Ye CL,Zhou QX,Wang XM.2006.Headspace liquid-phase microextraction using ionic liquid as extractant for the preconcentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites at trace levels in water samples.Anal Chim Acta 572(2):165-171.
Zhang HY,Andrews ARJ.2000.Preliminary studies of a fast screening method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by using solvent microextraction-gas chromatography.J Environ Monit 2(6):656-661.
Zhang J,Su T,Lee HK.2005.Headspace water-based liquid-phase microextraction.Anal Chem 77(7):1988-1992.
Zhang J,Su T,Lee HK.2006.Development and application of microporous hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction via gaseous diffusion to the determination of phenols in water.J ChromatogrA 1121(1):10-15.
Zhang TZ,Chen XM,Li YL,Liang P.2006.Application of headspace liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of volatile halocarbons in water.Chromatographia 63(11-12):633-637.
Zhang TZ,Chen XM,Liang P,Liu CX.2006.Determination of phenolic compounds in wastewater by liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.J Chromatogr Sci 44(10):619-624.
Zhang ZY,Pawliszyn J. 1993.Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction.Analy Chem 65(14):1843-1852.
Zhao EC,Han LJ,Jiang SR,Wang QX,Zhou ZQ.2006.Application of a single-drop microextraction for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in juice.J Chromatogr A 1114(2):269-273.
Zhao EC,Shan WL,SR J,Liu Y,Zhou ZQ.2006.Determination of the chloroacetanilide herbicides in waters using single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography.Microchem J 83(2):105-110.
Zhao LM.Lee HK.2001.App K.2002.Liquid-phase microextraction combined with hollow fiber as a sample preparation technique prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Analy Chem 74(11):2486-2492.
Zhao LM.Zhu LY,lication of static liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water.J Chromatogr A 919(2):381-388.
Zhao LM,Lee MLee HK.2002.Analysis of aromatic amines in water samples by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with hollow fibers and high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):239-248.
Zhao RS,Yuan JP,Li HF,Wang X,Jiang T,Lin JM.2007.Nonequilibrium hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for the measurement of triclosan in aqueous samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Anal Bioanal Chem 387(8):2911-2915.
Zhu LY,Ee KH,Zhao LM,Lee HK.2002.Analysis of phenoxy herbicides in bovine milk by means of liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with a hollow-fiber membrane.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):335-343.
Zhu LY,Tay CB.Lee HK.2002.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction of aromatic amines from water samples combined with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):231-237.
Zhu LY,Zhu L.Lee HK.2001.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction of nitrophenols with a hollow fiber membrane prior to capillary liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 924(1-2):407-14.
毕波.2006.超临界萃取-气相色谱法检测农药多残留方法的研究.沈阳:沈阳农业大学.
陈虹,张承红.1999.超临界流体萃取及其在我国的研究应用进展.化学进展 11(3):227-228.
付新梅,戴树桂,傅学起,.2006.液膜萃取技术在环境样品前处理中的应用.分析测试学报25(2):126-131.
郝守进,崔九思,戚其平.1999.固相微蒂取技术在挥发性有机化合物分析中的应用进展.环境与健康杂志(4):241-244.
黄骏雄.1994.环境样品前处理技术及其进展(一).环境化学13(001):95-104.
江桂斌.2004.环境样品前处理技术.北京:化学工业山版社.
金晓英,袁东星.2005.动态液相微蒂取-气相色谱法测定水样中有机磷农药残留.分析化学 33(3):347-350.
康绍英,王海波,马铭.2004.液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定尿样中的利多卡囚.分析化学11(32):1425-1470.
李敏霞,吴京洪,曾玮,马志玲.2006.液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中邻苯二甲酸酯.分析化学 34(8):1172-1174.
励建荣,夏明.2001.超临界流体萃取技术研究进展.食品与发酵工业 27(9):79-83.
廖劲松.2002.超临界流体萃取的应用技术研究.食品科技(12):12-15.
刘景富,江桂斌.2004.膜分离样品前处理技术.分析化学 32(10):1389-1394.
马继平,王涵文,关亚风.2002.固相微萃取新技术.色谱 20(1):16-20.
牟世芬,刘克纳.1997.加速溶剂萃取技术及其在环境分析中的应用.环境化学16(4):387-391.
桑向玲,王小波,刘娟.2005.液相微萃取气相色谱法测定水中丁草胺.广东公安科技(3):4-6.
韦进宝,钱沙华.2002.环境分析化学.北京:北京:化学工业出版社.
俞琛捷,马宏佳,周志华.2007.超临界流体技术的应用研究进展.化学世界(2):118-124.
张红,陈玲,陈皓,彭中良.2004.液相微萃取技术及其在环境水样预处理中的应用.环境监测管理与技术 16(6):8-11.
张月琴,吴淑琪.2003.水中有机污染物前处理方法进展.分析测试学报 22(003):106-109.
周珊,赵立文,马腾蛟,黄骏雄.2006.固相微萃取(SPME) 技术基本理论及应用进展.现代科学仪器(2):86-90.
Andersen S,Halvorsen T,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen K,Tanum L,Refsum H.2003.Stereospecific determination of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram by capillary electrophoresis and liquid-phase microextraction.J Pharmaceut Biomed Anal 33(2):263-273.
Arab J,Yamini Y,Hosseini M,Shamsipur M.2004.Headspace solvent microextraction of trace amounts of BTX from water samples.Chemia Analityczna 49(1):129-137.
Arthur C,Killam L,Buchholz KD,Pawliszyn J,Berg JR.1992.Automation and Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction.Anal Chem 64(17):1960-1966.
Arthur C,Pawliszyn J.1990.Solid-Phase Microextraction with Thermal-Desorption Using Fused-Silica Optical Fibers.Anal Chem 62(19):2145-2148.
Arthur CL,Potter DW,Buchholz KD,Motlagh S,Pawliszyn J.1992.Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Direct Analysis of Water-Theory and Practice.Lc Gc-Magazine of Separation Science 10(9):656-&.
Bagheri H,Khalilian F.2005.Immersed solvent microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection of s-triazine herbicides in aquatic media.Anal Chim Acta 537(1-2):81-87.
Bagheri H,Saber A,Mousavi SR.2004.Immersed solvent microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols from water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1046(1-2):27-33.
Bagheri H,Salemi A.2006.Headspace solvent microextraction as a simple and highly sensitive sample pretreatment technique for ultra trace determination of geosmin in aquatic media.J Sep Sci 29(1):57-65.
Bahramifar N,Yamini Y,Shariati-Feizabadi S,Shamsipur M.2004.Trace analysis of methyl tert-butyl ether in water samples using headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.J Chromatogr A 1042(1-2):211-217.
Balinova A.1996.Strategies for chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in water.J Chromatogr A 754(1-2):125-135.
Bancon-Montigny C,Maxwell P,Yang L,Mester Z,Sturgeon RE.2002.Improvement of measurement precision of SPME-GC/MS determination of tributyltin using isotope dilution calibration.Anal Chem 74(21):5606-5613.
Bao ML,Barbieri K,Burrini D,Griffini O,Pantani F.1997.Determination of trace levels of taste and odor compounds in water by microextraction and gas chromatography ion trap detection mass spectrometry.Water Research 31(7):1719-1727.
Baran W,Sochacka J,Wardas W.2006.Toxicity and biodegradability of sulfonamides and products of their photocatalytic degradation in aqueous solutions.Chemosphere 65(8):1295-1299.
Barnabas IJ, Dean JR, Fowlis IA, Owen SP. 1995. Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbons from Highly Contaminated Soils Using Microwave-Energy.Analyst 120(7):1897-1904.
Basheer C,Lee HK,Obbard JP.2004.Application of liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in blood plasma.J Chromatogr A 1022(1-2):161-169.
Basheer C,Balasubramanian R,Lee HK.2003.Determination of organic micropollutants in rainwater using hollow fiber membrane/liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1016(1):11-20.
Basheer C,Lee HK.2004.Analysis of endocrine disrupting alkylphenols,chlorophenols and bisphenol-A using hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction coupled with injection port-derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1057(1-2):163-169.
Basheer C,Lee HK,Obbard JP.2002.Determination of organochlorine pesticides in seawater using liquid-phase hollow fibre membrane microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 968(1-2):191-199.
Basheer C,Obbard JP,Lee HK.2005.Analysis of persistent organic pollutants in marine sediments using a novel microwave assisted solvent extraction and liquid-phase microextraction technique.J Chromatogr A 1068(2):221-228.
Batlle R,Nerin C.2004.Application of single-drop microextraction to the determination of dialkyl phthalate esters in food simulants.J Chromatogr A 1045(1-2):29-35.
Bicchi C,Cordero C,Liberto E,Sgorbini B,Rubiolo P.2008.Headspace sampling of the volatile fraction of vegetable matrices.J Chromatogr A 1184(1-2):220-233.
Bjorhovde A,Halvorsen TG,Rasmussen KE,Pedersen-Bjergaard S.2003.Liquid-phase microextraction of drugs from human breast milk.Anal Chim Acta 491(2):155-161.
Bjorhovde A,Halvorsen TG,Rasmussen KE,Pedersen-Bjergaard S.2003.Liquid-phase microextraction of drugs from human breast milk.Analy Chim Acta 491(2):155-161.
Bonfiglio R,King RC,Olah TV,Merkle K.1999.The effects of sample preparation methods on the variability of the electrospray ionization response for model drug compounds.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 13(12):1175-1185.
Branco LC,Crespo JG,Afonso CAM.2002.Highly selective transport of organic compounds by using supported liquid membranes based on ionic liquids.Angewandte Chemie-International Edition 41(15):2771.
Branco LC,Rosa JN,Ramos JJM,Afonso CAM.2002.Preparation and characterization of new room temperature ionic liquids.Chemistry-a European Journal 8(16):3671-3677.
Brownlee B,Maclnnis G,Charlton M,Watson S,Hamilton-Browne S,Milne J.2004.An analytical method for shipboard extraction of the odour compounds,2-methylisoborneol and geosmin.Water Sci Technol 49(9):121-127.
Budzinski H,Letellier M,Garrigues P,Le Menach K. 1999.Optimisation of the microwave-assisted extraction in open cell of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils and sediments-Study of moisture effect.J Chromatogr A 837(1-2):187-200.
Cai LS,Xing J,Dong L,Wu CY.2003.Application of poiyphenylmethylsiloxane coated fiber for solid-phase microextraction combined with microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese teas.J Chromatogr A 1015(1-2):11-21.
Carabias-Martinez R,Rodriguez-Gonzalo E,Paniagua-Marcos PH,Hernandez-Mendez J.2000.Analysis of pesticide residues in matrices with high lipid contents by membrane separation coupled on-line to a high-performance liquid chromatography system.J Chromatogr A 866(1-2):427-439.
Carballa M,Omil F,Lema JM,Llompart M,Garcia-Jares C,Rodriguez I,Gomez M,Ternes T.2004.Behavior of pharmaceuticals,cosmetics and hormones in a sewage treatment plant.Water Res 38(12):2918-2926.
Carmichael AJ,Seddon KR.2000.Polarity study of some l-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ambient-temperature ionic liquids with the solvatochromic dye,Nile Red.J Phys Org Chem 13(10):591-595.
Charalabaki M,Psillakis E,Mantzavinos D,Kalogerakis N.2005.Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater treatment plant effluents using hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction.Chemosphere 60(5):690-698.
Chen HW.2004.Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography.Anal Sci 20(10):1383-1388.
Chen PS,Huang SD.2006.Determination of ethoprop,diazinon,disulfoton and fenthion using dynamic hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Talanta 69(3):669-675.
Chen PS,Huang SD.2006.Coupled two-step microextraction devices with derivatizations to identify hydroxycarbonyls in rain samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J ChromatogrA 1118(2):161-167.
Chia KJ,Huang SD.2006.Analysis of organochlorine pesticides in wine by solvent bar microextraction coupled with gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20(2):118-124.
Chia KJ,Huang SD.2006.Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of primary amines in river water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection.J Chromatogr A 1103(1):158-161.
Chiang JS,Huang SD.2007.Determination of haloethers in water with dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction using GC-FID and GC-ECD.Talanta 71(2):882-886.
Chimuka L,Megersa N,Norberg J,Mathiasson L,Jonsson JA.1998.Incomplete trapping in supported liquid membrane extraction with a stagnant acceptor for weak bases.Anal Chem 70(18):3906-3911.
Choi KW,Kim Y,Chung DS.2004.Liquid-phase microextraction as an on-line preconcentration method in capillary electrophoresis.Anal Chem 76(3):855-858.
Chung KT.2000.Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of aromatic amines metabolically produced from azo dyes.Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part C-Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews 18(1):51-74.
Colombini V,Bancon-Montigny C,Yang L,Maxwell P,Sturgeon RE,Mester Z.2004.Headspace single-drop microextration for the detection of organotin compounds.Talanta 63(3):555-560.
Conte ED,Conway SC,Miller DW,Perschbacher PW.1996.Determination of methylisoborneol in channel catfish pond water by solid phase extraction followed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Water Res 30(9):2125-2127.
Crespin MA,Ballesteros E,Gallego M,Valcarcel M.1997.Trace enrichment of phenols by on-line solid-phase extraction and gas chromatographic determination.J Chromatogr A 757(1-2):165-172.
de Jager LS,Andrews ARJ.2000.Development of a rapid screening technique for organochlorine pesticides using solvent microextraction(SME)and fast gas chromatography(GC).Analyst 125(11):1943-1948.
de Jager LS,Andrews ARJ.2001.Preliminary studies of a fast screening method for cocaine and cocaine metabolites in urine using hollow fibre membrane solvent microextraction(HFMSME).Analyst 126(8):1298-1303.
de Santana FJM,de Oliveira ARM,Bonato PS.2005.Chiral liquid chromatographic determination of mirtazapine in human plasma using two-phase liquid-phase microextraction for sample preparation.Anal Chim Acta 549(1-2):96-103.
Deng CH,Li N,Wang XC,Zhang XM,Zeng J.2005.Rapid determination of acetone in human blood by derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine followed by headspace liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19(5):647-653.
Deng CH,Yao N,Li N,Zhang XM.2005.Headspace single-drop microextraction with in-drop derivatization for aldehyde analysis.J Sep Sci 28(17):2301-2305.
Diaz-Cruz MS,de Alda MJL,Barcelo D.2003.Environmental behavior and analysis of veterinary and human drugs in soils,sediments and sludge.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(6):340-351.
Dietz C,Sanz J,Camara C.2006.Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction coatings and related techniques.J Chromatogr A 1103(2):183-192.
Dmitrovic J,Chan SC,Chan SHY.2002.Analysis of pesticides and PCB congeners in serum by GC/MS with SPE sample cleanup.Toxicol Lett 134(1-3):253-258.
Dost K,Jones DC,Davidson G.2000.Determination of sulfonamides by packed column supercritical fluid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometric detection.Analyst 125(7):1243-1247.
Dressier M.1979.Extraction of Trace Amounts of Organic-Compounds from Water with Porous Organic Polymers.J Chromatogr 165(2):167-206.
Dubey DK,Pardasani D,Gupta AK,Palit M,Kanaujia PK,Tak V.2006.Hollow fiber-mediated liquid-phase microextraction of chemical warfare agents from water.J Chromatogr A 1107(1-2):29-35.
Enoch P,Putzler A,Rinne D,Schluter J.1998.Automated solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to gas chromatography.J Chromatogr A 822(1):75-82.
Fan ZF,Zhou W.2006.Dithizone-chloroform single drop microextraction system combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using Ir as permanent modifier for the determination of Cd in water and biological samples.Spectroc Acta Pt B-Atom Spectr 61(7):870-874.
Fang HF,Zeng ZR,Liu L,Pang DW.2006.On-line back-extraction field-amplified sample injection method for directly analyzing cocaine and thebaine in the extractants by solvent microextraction.Anal Chem 78(4):1257-1263.
Figueroa R,Garcia M,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2005.Photoassisted vapor generation in the presence of organic acids for ultrasensitive determination of Se by electrothermal-atomic absorption,spectrometry following headspace single-drop microextraction.Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 60(12):1556-1563.
Fortunato R,Afonso CAM,Benavente J,Rodriguez-Castellon E,Crespo JG.2005.Stability of supported ionic liquid membranes as studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.J Membrane Sci 256(1-2):216-223.
Fortunato R,Afonso CAM,Reis MAM,Crespo JG.2004.Supported liquid membranes using ionic liquids:study of stability and transport mechanisms.J Membrane Sci 242(1-2):197-209.
Fragueiro S,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2004.Headspace sequestration of arsine onto a Pd(II)-containing aqueous drop as a preconcentration method for electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 59(6):851-855.
Fragueiro S,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2006.Hydride generation-headspace single-drop microextraction-electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry method for determination of selenium in waters after photoassisted prereduction.Talanta 68(4):1096-1101.
Fries E,Puttmann W.2002.Analysis of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)in water by means of solid phase extraction combined with GC/MS.Water Res 36(9):2319-2327.
Gil S,Fragueiro S,Lavilla I,Bendicho C.2005.Determination of methylmercury by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using headspace single-drop microextraction with in situ hydride generation.Spectrochimica Acta Part B-Atomic Spectroscopy 60(1):145-150.
Gioti EM,Skalkos DC,Fiamegos YC,Stalikas CD.2005.Single-drop liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of hypericin,pseudohypericin and hyperforin in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1093(1-2):1-10.
Gonzalez-Penas E,Leache C,Viscarret M,de Obanos AP,Araguas C,de Cerain AL.2004.Determination of ochratoxin A in wine using liquid-phase microextraction combined with liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.J Chromatogr A 1025(2):163-168.
Gorecki T,Yu XM,Pawliszyn J.1999.Theory of analyte extraction by selected porous polymer SPME fibres.Analyst 124(5):643-649.
Grinberg P,Campos RC,Mester Z,Sturgeon RE.2003.A comparison of alkyl derivatization methods for speciation of mercury based on solid phase microextraction gas chromatography with furnace atomization plasma emission spectrometry detection.J Anal Atom Spectrom 18(8):902-909.
Guillermina F,Ana J-G,Yolanda P.2007.Pressurized liquid extraction combined with capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry as an improved methodology for the determination of sulfonamide residues in meat.J Chromatogr A 1159(1-2):233-241.
Guo L,Liang P,Zhang TZ,Liu Y,Liu S.2005.Use of continuous-flow microextraction and liquid chromatography for determination of phoxim in water samples.Chromatographia 61(9-10):523-526.
Guo XM,Mester Z,Sturgeon RE.2002.Comparison of chloride-and hydride-generation for quantitation of germanium by headspace solid-phase microextraction-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.Anal Bioanal Chem 373(8):849-855.
Guo YG,Zhang J,Liu DN,Fu HF.2006.Determination of n-octanol-water partition coefficients by hollow-fiber membrane solvent microextraction coupled with HPLC.Anal Bioanal Chem 386(7-8):2193-2198.
Gupta M,Jain A,Verma KK.2007.Optimization of experimental parameters in single-drop microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of periodate by the Malaprade reaction,and its application to ethylene glycol.Talanta 71(3):1039-1046.
Haller MY,Muller SR,McArdell CS,Alder AC,Suter MJF.2002.Quantification of veterinary antibiotics (sulfonamides and trimethoprim) in animal manure by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 952(1-2):111-120.
Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2001.Liquid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis of citalopram,an antidepressant drug.J Chromatogr A 909(1):87-93.
Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2001.Reduction of extraction times in liquid-phase microextraction.J Chromatogr B 760(2):219-226.
Hansson E,Hakkarainen M.2006.Multiple headspace single-drop microextraction-a new technique for quantitative determination of styrene in polystyrene.J Chromatogr A 1102(1-2):91-95.
Hassett AJ,Rohwer ER.1999.Analysis of odorous compounds in water by isolation by closed-loop stripping with a multichannel silicons rubber trap followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 849(2):521-528.
He Y,Lee HK.1997.Liquid phase microextraction in a single drop of organic solvent by using a conventional microsyringe.Anal Chem 69(22):4634-4640.
He Y,Lee HK.2006.Continuous flow microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of pesticides in natural waters.J Chromatogr A 1122(1-2):7-12.
Heringa MB,Hermens JLM.2003.Measurement of free concentrations using negligible depletion-solid phase microextraction(nd-SPME).Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(10):575-587.
Hernandez F,Morell I,Beltran J,Lopez FJ.1993.Multiresidue Procedure for the Analysis of Pesticides in Groundwater-Application to Samples from the Comunidad-Valenciana,Spain.Chromatographia 37(5-6):303-312.
Ho TS,Halvorsen TG,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2003.Liquid-phase microextraction of hydrophilic drugs by carrier-mediated transport.J Chromatogr A 998(1-2):61-72.
Ho TS,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2002.Recovery,enrichment and selectivity in liquid-phase microextraction-Comparison with conventional liquid-liquid extraction.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):3-17.
Ho TS,Reubsaet JLE,Anthonsen HS,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2005.Liquid-phase microextraction based on carrier mediated transport combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-New concept for the determination of polar drugs in a single drop of human plasma.J Chromatogr A 1072(1):29-36.
Hou L,Lee HK.2002.Application of static and dynamic liquid-phase microextraction in the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.J Chromatogr A 976(1-2):377-385.
Hou L,Lee HK.2003.Dynamic three-phase microextraction as a sample preparation technique prior to capillary electrophoresis.Anal Chem 75(11):2784-2789.
Hou L,Shen G,Lee HK.2003.Automated hollow fiber-protected dynamic liquid-phase microextraction of pesticides for gas chromatography-Mass spectrometric analysis.J ChromatogrA985(1-2):107-116.
Huang CH,Renew JE,Smeby KL,Pinkston K,Sedlak DL.2001.Assessment of potential antibiotic contaminants in water and preliminary occurrence analysis.The 2nd International conference on pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting chemicals in water,national ground water association,Minneapolis,MN,USA.
Huang SP,Huang SD.2006.Dynamic hollow fiber protected liquid phase microextraction and quantification using gas chromatography combined with electron capture detection of organochlorine pesticides in green tea leaves and ready-to-drink tea.J Chromatogr A 1135(1):6-11.
Izaguirre G,Hwang CJ,Krasner SW,McGuire MJ.1982.Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol from Cyanobacteria in 3 Water-Supply Systems.Appl Environ Microbiol 43(3):708-714.
Izaguirre G,Taylor WD.1995.Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol Production in a Major Aqueduct System.Water Sci Technol 31(11):41-48.
Jahr D.1998.Determination of alkyl,chloro and mononitrophenols in water by sample-acetylation and automatic on-line solid phase extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Chromatographia 47(1-2):49-56.
Jeannot MA,Cantwell FF.1996.Solvent microextraction into a single drop.Anal Chem 68(13):2236-2240.
Jeannot MA,Cantwell FF.1997.Mass transfer characteristics of solvent extraction into a single drop at the tip of a syringe needle.Anal Chem 69(2):235-239.
Jiang XM,Lee HK.2004.Solvent bar microextraction.Anal Chem 76(18):5591-5596.
Jiang XM,Basheer C,Zhang H,Lee HK.2005.Dynamic hollow fiber-supported headspace liquid-phase microextraction.J Chromatogr A 1087(1-2):289-294.
Jonsson JA,Lovkvist P,Audunsson G,Nilve G.1993.Mass-Transfer Kinetics for Analytical Enrichment and Sample Preparation Using Supported Liquid Membranes in a Flow System with Stagnant Acceptor Liquid.Anal Chim Acta 277(1):9-24.
Jung J,Kim Y,Kim J,Jeong DH,Choi K.2008.Environmental levels of ultraviolet light potentiate the toxicity of sulfonamide antibiotics in Daphnia magna.Ecotoxicology 17(1):37-45.
Kannamkumarath SS,Wuilloud RG,Jayasinghe S,Caruso JA.2004.Fast speciation analysis of iodophenol compounds in river waters by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with off-line solid-phase microextraction.Electrophoresis 25(12):1843-1851.
Kataoka H.1996.Derivatization reactions for the determination of amines by gas chromatography and their applications in environmental analysis.J Chromatogr A 733(1-2):19-34.
Kawaguchi M,Ito R,Endo N,Okanouchi N,Sakui N,Saito K,Nakazawa H.2006.Liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for measurement of bisphenol A in river water sample by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1110(1-2):1-5.
Kaykhaii M,Rahmani M.2007.Headspace liquid phase microextraction for quantitation of hexanal in potato crisps by gas chromatography.J Sep Sci 30(4):573-578.
Kaykhaii M,Nazari S,Chamsaz M.2005.Determination of aliphatic amines in water by gas chromatography using headspace solvent microextraction.Talanta 65(1):223-228.
Khajeh M,Yamini Y,Hassan M.2006.Trace analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples using headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatography/electron capture detection.Talanta 69(5):1088-1094.
King S,Meyer JS,Andrews ARJ.2002.Screening method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil using hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction.J Chromatogr A 982(2):201-208.
Kokosa JM,Przyjazny A.2003.Headspace microdrop analysis-an alternative test method for gasoline diluent and benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylenes in used engine oils.J Chromatogr A 983(1-2):205-214.
Kompany-Zareh M,Tavallali H,Sajjadi M.2002.Application of generalized artificial neural networks coupled with an orthogonal design to optimization of a system for the kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Hg(II).Anal Chim Acta 469(2):303-310.
Koziel JA,Noah J,Pawliszyn J.2001.Field sampling and determination of formaldehyde in indoor air with solid-phase microextraction and on-fiber derivatization.Environ Sci Technol 35(7):1481-1486.
Kramer KE, Andrews ARJ. 2001. Screening method for
ll-nor-Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in urine using hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction with in-tube derivatization.J Chromatogr B 760(1):27-36.
Kummerer K.2002.Drugs in the environment:emission of drugs,diagnostic aids and disinfectants into wastewater by hospitals in relation to other sources-a review(vol 45,pg 957,2001).Chemosphere 48(3):PII S0045-6535(02)00088-7.
Lai BW,Liu BM,Malik PK,Wu HF.2006.Combination of liquid-phase hollow fiber membrane microextraction with gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of dichlorophenol isomers in water and urine.Anal Chim Acta 576(1):61-66.
Lambropoulou DA,Albanis TA.2004.Application of solvent microextraction in a single drop for the determination of new antifouling agents in waters.J Chromatogr A 1049(1-2):17-23.
Lambropoulou DA,Albanis TA.2004.Sensitive trace enrichment of environmental andiandrogen vinclozolin from natural waters and sediment samples using hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction.J Chromatogr A 1061(1):11-18.
Lambropoulou DA,Albanis TA.2005.Application of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of insecticides in water.J Chromatogr A 1072(1):55-61.
Lambropoulou DA,Psillakis E,Albanis TA,Kalogerakis N.2004.Single-drop microextraction for the analysis of organophosphorous insecticides in water.Anal Chim Acta 516(1-2):205-211.
Lee HSN,Basheer C,Lee HK.2006.Determination of trace level chemical warfare agents in water and slurry samples using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1124(1-2):91-96.
Lee HSN,Sng MT,Basheer C,Lee HK.2007.Determination of degradation products of chemical warfare agents in water using hollow fibre-protected liquid-phase microextraction with in-situ derivatisation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1148(1):8-15.
Leinonen A,Vuorensola K,Lepola LM,Kuuranne T,Kotiaho T,Ketola RA,Kostiainen R.2006.Liquid-phase microextraction for sample preparation in analysis of unconjugated anabolic steroids in urine.Anal Chim Acta 559(2):166-172.
Lewis RJ.1992.Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials,8th edition.New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,New York.
Li L,Hu B,Xia LB,Jiang ZC.2006.Determination of trace Cd and Pb in environmental and biological samples by ETV-ICP-MS after single-drop microextraction. Talanta 70(2):468-473.
Li N,Deng CH,Yao N,Shen XZ,Zhang XM.2005.Determination of acetone,hexanal and heptanal in blood samples by derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl hydroxylamine followed
by headspace single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Anal Chim Acta 540(2):317-323.
Li N,Deng CH,Yin XY,Yao N,Shen XZ,Zhang XM.2005.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of hexanal and heptanal in human blood by headspace single-drop microextraction with droplet derivatization.Anal Biochem 342(2):318-326.
Li YL,Zhang TZ,Liang P.2005.Application of continuous-flow liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of volatile halohydrocarbons in water.Anal Chim Acta 536(1-2):245-249.
Liang P,Guo L,Liu Y,Liu S,Zhang TZ.2005.Application of liquid-phase microextraction for the determination of phoxim in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector.Microchem J 80(1):19-23.
Liang P,Xu J,Guo L,Song F.2006.Dynamic liquid-phase microextraction with HPLC for the determination of phoxin in water samples.J Sep Sci 29(3):366-370.
Lin CY, Huang SD. 2008. Application of liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid-chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in water.Anal Chim Acta 612(1):37-43.
Littlefield NA,Sheldon WG,Allen R,Gaylor DW.1990.Chronic Toxicity Carcinogenicity Studies of Sulfamethazine in Fischer 344/N Rats-2-Generation Exposure.Food Chem Toxicol 28(3):157-167.
Liu BM,Malik P,Wu HF.2004.Single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of anisaldehyde isomers in human urine and blood serum.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(18):2059-2064.
Liu HH,Dasgupta PK.1996.Analytical chemistry in a drop.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15(9):468-475.
Liu J,Jiang GB,Chi YG,Cai YQ,Zhou QX,Hu JT.2003.Use of ionic liquids for liquid-phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Anal Chem 75(21):5870-5876.
Liu JF,Chi YG,Jiang GB.2005.Screening the extractability of some typical environmental pollutants by ionic liquids in liquid-phase microextraction.J Sep Sci 28(1):87-91.
Liu JF,Peng JF,Chi Y,Jiang GB.2005.Determination of formaldehyde in shiitake mushroom by ionic liquid-based liquid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography.Talanta 65(3):705-709.
Liu WP,Lee HK.2000.Continuous-flow microextraction exceeding 1000-fold concentration of dilute analytes.Anal Chem 72(18):4462-4467.
Liu Y,Hashi Y,Lin JM.2007.Continuous-flow microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in water.Anal Chim Acta 585(2):294-299.
Liu Y,Zhao EC,Zhou ZQ.2006.Single-drop microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of fungicide in water and wine samples.Anal Lett 39(11):2333-2344.
Lloyd SW,Lea JM,Zimba PV,Grimm CC.1998.Rapid analysis of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using solid phase micro extraction procedures.Water Res 32(7):2140-2146.
Longo M,Cavallaro A.1996.Determination of aromatic amines at trace levels by derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride and gas chromatography electron-capture negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 753(1):91-100.
Lopez-Bianco C,Gomez-Alvarez S,Rey-Garrote M,Cancho-Grande B,Simal-Gandara J.2005.Determination of carbamates and organophosphorus pesticides by SDME-GC in natural water.Anal Bioanal Chem 383(4):557-561.
Lopez-Bianco MC,Blanco-Cid S,Cancho-Grande B,Simal-Gandara J.2003.Application of single-drop microextraction and comparison with solid-phase microextraction and solid-phase extraction for the determination of alpha-and beta-endosulfan in water samples by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection.J Chromatogr A 984(2):245-252.
Lord H,Pawliszyn J.2000.Evolution of solid-phase microextraction technology.J Chromatogr A 885(1-2):153-193.
Ma MH,Cantwell FF.1999.Solvent microextraction with simultaneous back-extraction for sample cleanup and preconcentration:Preconcentration into a single microdrop.Anal Chem 71(2):388-393.
Mallevialle J,Fiessinger F,Suffet IH,Cairo PR.1981.Monitoring of Granular Activated Carbon Filters-Comparison of American and French Experience.Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society 181(MAR):56-ENVR.
Marlow M,Hurtubise RJ.2004.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for the enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy and capillary electrophoresis.Anal Chim Acta 526(1):41-49.
Martos PA,Pawliszyn J.1999.Time-weighted average sampling with solid-phase microextraction devise:Implications for enhanced personal exposure monitoring to airborne pollutants.Anal Chem71(8):1513-1520.
Matsumoto M,Inomoto Y,Kondo K.2005.Selective separation of aromatic hydrocarbons through supported liquid membranes based on ionic liquids.J Membrane Sci 246(1):77-81.
McClure EL,Wong CS.2007.Solid phase microextraction of macrolide,trimethoprim,and sulfonamide antibiotics in wastewaters.J Chromatogr A 1169:53-62.
Melwanki MB,Hsu WH,Huang SD.2005.Determination of clenbuterol in urine using headspace solid phase microextraction or liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction.Anal Chim Acta 552(1-2):67-75.
Melwanki MB,Huang SD.2006.Extraction of hydroxyaromatic compounds in river water by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with automated movement of the acceptor and the donor phase.J Sep Sci 29(13):2078-2084.
Merschman SA,Lubbad SH,Tilotta DC.1998.Poly(dimethylsiloxane)films as sorbents for solid-phase microextraction coupled with infrared spectroscopy.J Chromatogr A 829(1-2):377-384.
Meurer EC,Tomazela DM,Silva RC,Augusto F,Eberlin MN.2002.Fiber introduction mass spectrometry:Fully direct coupling of solid-phase microextraction with mass spectrometry.Anal Chem 74(21):5688-5692.
Mohammadi A,Alizadeh N.2006.Automated dynamic headspace organic solvent film microextraction for benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylene-Renewable liquid film as a sampler by a programmable motor.J Chromatogr A 1107(1-2):19-28.
Mueller S,Moeder M,Schrader S,Popp P.2003.Semi-automated hollow-fibre membrane extraction,a novel enrichment technique for the determination of biologically active compounds in water samples.J Chromatogr A 985(1-2):99-106.
Mulder MHV.1991.Basic Principles of Membrane Technology.Dordrecht:Kluwer.
Musteata FM,Pawliszyn J.2007.Bioanalytical applications of solid-phase microextraction.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 26(1):36-45.
Nilsson T,Pelusio F,Montanarella L,Larsen B,Facchetti S,Madsen JO.1995.An Evaluation of Solid-Phase Microextraction for Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Drinking Water.Hrc-Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 18(10):617-624.
Omur-Ozbek P,Dietrich AM.2005.Determination of temperature-dependent Henry's law constants of odorous contaminants and their application to human perception.Environ Sci Technol 39(11):3957-3963.
Ouyang G,Pawliszyn J.2006.SPME in environmental analysis.Anal Bioanal Chem 386(4):1059-1073.
Ouyang G,Zhao WN,Pawliszyn J.2007.Automation and optimization of liquid-phase microextraction by gas chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1138(1-2):47-54.
Palit M,Pardasani D,Gupta AK,Dubey DK.2005.Application of single drop microextraction for analysis of chemical warfare agents and related compounds in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Anal Chem 77(2):711-717.
Palmentier J,Taguchi VY,Jenkins SWD,Wang DT,Ngo KP,Robinson D.1998.The determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in water using isotope dilution high resolution mass spectrometry.Water Res 32(2):287-294.
Palmentier Jpfp,Taguchi VY.2001.The determination of six taste and odour compounds in water using Ambersorb 572 and high resolution mass spectrometry.Analyst 126(6):840-845.
Pan HJ,Ho WH.2004.Determination of fungicides in water using liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection.Anal Chim Acta 527(1):61-67.
Pardasani D,Kanaujia PK,Gupta AK,Tak V,Shrivastava RK,Dubey DK.2007.In situ derivatization hollow fiber mediated liquid phase microextraction of alkylphosphonic acids from water.J Chromatogr A 1141(2):151-157.
Patsias J,Papadopoulou-Mourkidou E.2000.Development of an automated on-line solid-phase extraction-highperformance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of aniline,phenol,caffeine and various selected substituted aniline and phenol compounds in aqueous matrices.J Chromatogr A 904(2):171-188.
Pawliszyn J.1997.Solid phase microextraction:theory and practice:Wiley-VCH.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2005.Bioanalysis of drugs by liquid-phase microextraction coupled to separation techniques.J Chromatogr B 817(1):3-12.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Ho TS,Rasmussen KE.2002.Fundamental studies on selectivity in 3-phase liquid-phase microextraction(LPME)of basic drugs.J Sep Sci 25(3):141-146.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.1999.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction for sample preparation of biological fluids prior to capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chem 71(14):2650-2656.
Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Rasmussen KE.2008.Liquid-phase microextraction with porous hollow fibers,a miniaturized and highly flexible format for liquid-liquid extraction.J Chromatogr A 1184(1-2):132-142.
Peng JF,Liu JF,Hu XL,Jiang GB.2007.Direct determination of chlorophenols in environmental water samples by hollow fiber supported ionic liquid membrane extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1139(2):165-170.
Przyjazny A,Kokosa JM.2002.Analytical characteristics of the determination of benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and xylenes in water by headspace solvent microextraction.J Chromatogr A 977(2):143-153.
Psillakis E,Kalogerakis N.2001.Application of solvent microextraction to the analysis of nitroaromatic explosives in water samples.J Chromatogr A 907(1-2):211-219.
Psillakis E,Kalogerakis N.2003.Developments in liquid-phase microextraction.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 22(10):565-574.
Psillakis E,Kalogerakis N.2003.Hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters from water.J Chromatogr A 999(1-2):145-153.
Psillakis E,Mantzavinos D,Kalogerakis N.2004.Development of a hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction method to monitor the sonochemical degradation of explosives in water.Anal Chim Acta 501(1):3-10.
Puig D,Barcelo D.1996.Determination of phenolic compounds in water and waste water.Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry 15(8):362-375.
Raich-Montiu J,Folch J,Compano R,Granados A,Prat MD.2007.Analysis of trace levels of sulfonamides in surface water and soil samples by liquid chromatography-fluorescence.J Chromatogr A 1172(2):186-193.
Rashash DMC,Dietrich AM,Hoehn RC.1997.FPA of selected odorous compounds.J Am Water Work Assoc 89(4):131-141.
Rasmussen KE,Pedersen-Bjergaard S,Krogh M,Ugland HG,Gronhaug T.2000.Development of a simple in-vial liquid-phase microextraction device for drag analysis compatible with capillary gas chromatography,capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 873(1):3-11.
Reddy-Noone K, Jain A, Verma KK. 2007. Liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of bromate,iodate,bromide and iodide in high-chloride matrix.J Chromatogr A 1148(2):145-151.
Richoll SM,Colon 1.2006.Determination of triphenylphosphine oxide in active pharmaceutical ingredients by hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1127(1-2):147-153.
Richter BE,Ezzell JL,Felix D,Roberts KA,Late DW.1995.An Accelerated Solvent-Extraction System for the Rapid Preparation of Environmental Organic-Compounds in Soil.Am Lab 27(4):24-28.
Richter BE,Jones BA,Ezzell JL,Porter NL,Avdalovic N,Pohl C.1996.Accelerated solvent extraction:A technique for sample preparation.Anal Chem 68(6):1033-1039.
Riter LS,Meurer EC,Cotte-Rodriguez I,Eberlin MN,Cooks RG.2003.Solid phase micro-extraction in a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer.Analyst 128(9):1119-1122.
Rodriguez R,Manes J,Pico Y.2003.Off-line solid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to determine acidic pesticides in fruits.Anal Chem 75(3):452-459.
Safferman RS,Rosen AA,Mashni CI,Morris ME.1967.Earthy-smelling substance from a blue-green alga.Environ Sci Technol 1(5):429-430.
Sakamoto A,Niki T,Watanabe YW.2006.Establishment of long-term preservation for dimethyl sulfide by the solid-phase microextraction method.Anal Chem 78(13):4593-4597.
Salemi A,Lacorte S,Bagheri H,Barcelo D.2006.Automated trace determination of earthy-musty odorous compounds in water samples by on-line purge-and-trap-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A 1136(2):170-175.
Sarafra-Yazdi A,Es'haghi Z.2006.Antibiotic-assisted three-phase liquid-phase microextraction of aromatic amines from aqueous solutions combined with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Anal Chem 61(8):787-793.
Sarafraz Yazdi Ali,Es'haghi Zarrin.2005.Surfactant enhanced liquid-phase microextraction of basic drugs of abuse in hair combined with high performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 1094(1-2):1-8.
Sarafraz-Yazdi A,Beiknejad D,Es'haghi Z.2005.LC determination of mono-substituted phenols in water using liquid-liquid-liquid phase microextraction.Chromatographia 62(l-2):49-54.
Sarafraz-Yazdi A,Es'haghi Z.2006.Comparison of hollow fiber and single-drop liquid-phase microextraction techniques for HPLC determination of aniline derivatives in water.Chromatographia 63(11-12):563-569.
Saraji M.2005.Dynamic headspace liquid-phase microextraction of alcohols.J Chromatogr A 1062(1):15-21.
Saraji M,Bakhshi M.2005.Determination of phenols in water samples by single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection.J Chromatogr A 1098(1-2):30-36.
Shariati-Feizabadi S,Yamini Y,Bahramifar N.2003.Headspace solvent microextraction and gas chromatographic determination of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples.Anal Chim Acta 489(1):21-31.
Shen Q,Lee HK.2002.Hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction of triazine herbicides.Anal Chem 74(3):648-654.
Shen G,Lee HK.2003.Headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes in soil with gas chromatography-electron capture detection.Anal Chem 75(1):98-103.
Shin HS,Ahn HS.2004.Simple,rapid,and sensitive determination of odorous compounds in water by GC-MS.Chromatographia 59(1-2):107-113.
Shioji H,Tsunoi S,Harino H,Tanaka M.2004.Liquid-phase microextraction of tributyltin and triphenyltin coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-Comparison between 4-fluorophenyl and ethyl derivatizations.J Chromatogr A 1048(1):81-88.
Simpson MR,MacLeod BW.1991.Comparison of various powder activated carbons for the removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in selected water conditions.Proceedings of the 1991 American Water Works Association Annual Conference.Philadelphia:American WaterWorksAssociation.
Slater GP,VC,B.1983.Volatile Compounds of the Cyanophyceae-a Review.Water Sci Technol 15(6-7):181-190.
Sterner JL,Johnston MV,Nicol GR,Ridge DP.2000.Signal suppression in electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry of multi-component samples.J Mass Spectrom 35(3):385-391.
Tamer U,Ertas N,Udum YA,Sahin Y,Pekmez K,Yildiz A.2005.Electrochemically controlled solid-phase microextraction(EC-SPME)based on overoxidized sulfonated polypyrrole.Talanta 67(1):245-251.
Tan L,Zhao XP,Liu XQ,Ju HX,Li JS.2005.Headspace liquid-phase microextraction of short-chain fatty acids in plasma,and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.Chromatographia 62(5-6):305-309.
Tanabe A,Suzuki S,Hanada Y.1999.Evaluation of an ultrasonic extraction method compared with the Soxhlet extraction method for the determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanes in airborne particulate matter.Bunseki Kagaku 48(10):939-944.
Tankeviciute A,Kazlauskas R,Vickackaite V.2001.Headspace extraction of alcohols into a single drop.Analyst 126(10):1674-1677.
Tankeviciute A,Bobnis R,Kazlauskas R,Vickackaite V.2005.Single drop microextraction of esters:Comparison of headspace and direct extractions.Chemia Analityczna 50(3):539-549.
Teng CH,Chen YC.2003.Fiber introduction mass spectrometry:coupling solid-phase microextraction with sol-gel-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17(10):1092-1094.
Tong H,Sze N,Thomson B,Nacson S,Pawliszyn J.2002.Solid phase microextraction with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization introduction to mass spectrometry and ion mobility spectrometry.Analyst 127(9):1207-1210.
Tor A.2006.Determination of chlorobenzenes in water by drop-based liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electron capture detection.J Chromatogr A 1125(1):129-132.
Tor A,Aydin ME.2006.Application of liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of trihalomethanes in water.Anal Chim Acta 575(1):138-143.
Tseng CM,DeDiego A,Martin FM,Amouroux D,Donard OFX.1997.Rapid determination of inorganic mercury and methylmercury in biological reference materials by hydride generation,cryofocusing,atomic absorption spectrometry after open focused microwave-assisted alkaline digestion.J Anal At Spectrom 12(7):743-750.
Ugland HG,Krogh M,Rasmussen KE.2000.Liquid-phase microextraction as a sample preparation technique prior to capillary gas chromatographic-determination of benzodiazepines in biological matrices.J Chromatogr B 749(1):85-92.
Ugland HG,Krogh M,Reubsaet L.2003.Three-phase liquid-phase microextraction of weakly basic drugs from whole blood.J Chromatogr B 798(1):127-135.
Ulrich S.2000.Solid-phase microextraction in biomedical analysis.J Chromatogr A 902(1):167-194.
Vazquez MJ,Cairo AM,Lorenzo RA,Cela R.1997.Optimization of methylmercury microwave-assisted extraction from aquatic sediments.Analy Chem 69(2):221-225.
Verzegnassi L, Savoy-Perroud MC, Stadler RH. 2002. Application of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to the detection of 10 sulfonamides in honey.J Chromatogr A 977(1):77-87.
Vidal L,Canals A,Kalogerakis N,Psillakis E.2005.Headspace single-drop microextraction for the analysis of chlorobenzenes in water samples.J Chromatogr A 1089(1-2):25-30.
Vidal L,Psillakis E,Domini CE,Grane N,Marken F,Canals A.2007.An ionic liquid as a solvent for headspace single drop microextraction of chlorobenzenes from water samples.Anal Chimica Acta 584:189-195.
Vonderheide AP,Montes-Bayon M,Caruso JA.2002.Solid-phase microextraction as a sample preparation strategy for the analysis of seleno amino acids by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Analyst 127(1):49-53.
Vora-adisak N,Varanusupakul P.2006.A simple supported liquid hollow fiber membrane microextraction for sample preparation of trihalomethanes in water samples.J Chromatogr A 1121(2):236-241.
Voyksner RD,Straub R,Keever JT,Freeman HS,Hsu WN.1993.Determination of Aromatic-Amines Originating from Azo Dyes by Chemical-Reduction Combined with Liquid-Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry.Environ Sci Technol 27(8):1665-1672.
Wang J,Jiang D,Yan X.2006.Determination of substituted benzenes in water samples by fiber-in-tube liquid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.Talanta 68(3):945-950.
Wang W,Shen S,An H,Shi X.2004.Determining mole ratio of monomers in new adsorbent of solid-phase microextraction by infrared spectroscopy.Spectrosc Spect Anal 24(1):59-61.
Wang X,Jiang T,Yuan J,Cheng C,Liu J,Shi J,Zhao R.2006.Determination of volatile residual sovents in pharmaceutical porducts by headspace liquid-pahse microextraction gas chromatography-flame ionization detector.Anal Bioanal Chem 385(6):1082-1083.
Wang Y,Kwok YC,He Y,Lee HK.1998.Application of dynamic liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of chlorobenzenes in water by using a conventional microsyringe.Anal Chem 70(21):4610-4614.
Wang Z H,Dou J,Macura D,Durance TD,Nakai S.1997.Solid phase extraction for GC analysis of beany flavours in soymilk.Food Res Int 30(7):503-511.
Watson SB,Brownlee B,Satchwill T,Hargesheimer EE.2000.Quantitative analysis of trace levels of geosmin and M1B in source and drinking water using headspace SPME.Water Res 34(10):2818-2828.
Wu HF,Yen JH,Chin CC.2006.Combining drop-to-drop solvent microextraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electronic ionization and self-ion/molecule reaction method to determine methoxyacetophenone isomers in one drop of water.Anal Chem 78(5):1707-1712.
Wu JC,Yu XM,Lord H,Pawliszyn J.2000.Solid phase microextraction of inorganic anions based on polypyrrole film.Analyst 125(3):391-394.
Wu JM,Ee KH,Lee HK.2005.Automated dynamic liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for the determination of phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental waters.J Chromatogr A 1082(2):121-127.
Wu JM,Lee HK.2006.Injection port derivatization following ion-pair hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction for determining acidic herbicides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Anal Chem 78(20):7292-7301.
Wu JM,Lee HK.2006.Ion-pair dynamic liquid-phase microextraction combined with injection-port derivatization for the determination of long-chain fatty acids in water samples.J Chromatogr A 1133(1-2):13-20.
Xia LB,Hu B,Jiang ZC,Wu YL,Chen R,Li L.2006.Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS for the speciation of inorganic selenium in natural waters.J Anal Atom Spectrom 21(3):362-365.
Xia LB,Hu B,Jiang ZC,Wu YL,Li L,Chen R.2005.8-Hydroxyquinoline-chloroform single drop microextraction and electrothermal vaporization ICP-MS for the fractionation of aluminium in natural waters and drinks.J Anal Atom Spectrom 20(5):441-446.
Xiao Q,Yu CH,Xing J,Hu B.2006.Comparison of headspace and direct single-drop microextraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction for the measurement of volatile sulfur compounds in beer and beverage by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection.J Chromatogr A 1125(1):133-137.
Xiao Q,Hu B,Ye C,Xia L,Jiang Z.2006.Optimization of a single-drop microextraction procedure for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in wtaer and fruit juice with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection.Talanta 69(4):848-855.
Xie Y,He J,Huang J,Zhang J,Yu Z.2007.Determination of 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin Produced by Streptomyces sp. and Anabaena PCC7120. J Agric Food Chem 55(17):6823-6828.
Yamini Y,Hosseini MH,Hojaty M,Arab J.2004.Headspace solvent microextraction of trihalomethane compounds into a single drop.J Chromatogr Sci 42(1):32-36.
Yan CH,Wu HF.2004.A liquid-phase microextraction method,combining a dual gauge microsyringe with a hollow fiber membrane,for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in aqueous solution by gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18(24):3015-3018.
Yang L,Mester Z,Abranko L,Sturgeon RE.2004.Determination of total chromium in seawater by isotope dilution sector field ICPMS using GC sample introduction.Anal Chem 76(13):3510-3516.
Yang Y,Li B.1999.Subcritical water extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography.Anal Chem 71(8):1491-1495.
Yazdi AS,Es'haghi Z.2005.Two-step hollow fiber-based,liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography:A new approach to determination of aromatic amines in water.J Chromatogr A 1082(2):136-142.
Ye CL,Zhou OX,Wang XM,Xiao JP.2007.Determination of phenols in environmental water samples by ionic liquid-based headspace liquid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Sep Sci 30(1):42-47.
Ye CL,Zhou QX,Wang XM.2006.Headspace liquid-phase microextraction using ionic liquid as extractant for the preconcentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites at trace levels in water samples.Anal Chim Acta 572(2):165-171.
Zhang HY,Andrews ARJ.2000.Preliminary studies of a fast screening method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil by using solvent microextraction-gas chromatography.J Environ Monit 2(6):656-661.
Zhang J,Su T,Lee HK.2005.Headspace water-based liquid-phase microextraction.Anal Chem 77(7):1988-1992.
Zhang J,Su T,Lee HK.2006.Development and application of microporous hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction via gaseous diffusion to the determination of phenols in water.J ChromatogrA 1121(1):10-15.
Zhang TZ,Chen XM,Li YL,Liang P.2006.Application of headspace liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of volatile halocarbons in water.Chromatographia 63(11-12):633-637.
Zhang TZ,Chen XM,Liang P,Liu CX.2006.Determination of phenolic compounds in wastewater by liquid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography.J Chromatogr Sci 44(10):619-624.
Zhang ZY,Pawliszyn J. 1993.Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction.Analy Chem 65(14):1843-1852.
Zhao EC,Han LJ,Jiang SR,Wang QX,Zhou ZQ.2006.Application of a single-drop microextraction for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in juice.J Chromatogr A 1114(2):269-273.
Zhao EC,Shan WL,SR J,Liu Y,Zhou ZQ.2006.Determination of the chloroacetanilide herbicides in waters using single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography.Microchem J 83(2):105-110.
Zhao LM.Lee HK.2001.App K.2002.Liquid-phase microextraction combined with hollow fiber as a sample preparation technique prior to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.Analy Chem 74(11):2486-2492.
Zhao LM.Zhu LY,lication of static liquid-phase microextraction to the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in water.J Chromatogr A 919(2):381-388.
Zhao LM,Lee MLee HK.2002.Analysis of aromatic amines in water samples by liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with hollow fibers and high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):239-248.
Zhao RS,Yuan JP,Li HF,Wang X,Jiang T,Lin JM.2007.Nonequilibrium hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for the measurement of triclosan in aqueous samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Anal Bioanal Chem 387(8):2911-2915.
Zhu LY,Ee KH,Zhao LM,Lee HK.2002.Analysis of phenoxy herbicides in bovine milk by means of liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction with a hollow-fiber membrane.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):335-343.
Zhu LY,Tay CB.Lee HK.2002.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction of aromatic amines from water samples combined with high-performance liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 963(1-2):231-237.
Zhu LY,Zhu L.Lee HK.2001.Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction of nitrophenols with a hollow fiber membrane prior to capillary liquid chromatography.J Chromatogr A 924(1-2):407-14.
毕波.2006.超临界萃取-气相色谱法检测农药多残留方法的研究.沈阳:沈阳农业大学.
陈虹,张承红.1999.超临界流体萃取及其在我国的研究应用进展.化学进展 11(3):227-228.
付新梅,戴树桂,傅学起,.2006.液膜萃取技术在环境样品前处理中的应用.分析测试学报25(2):126-131.
郝守进,崔九思,戚其平.1999.固相微蒂取技术在挥发性有机化合物分析中的应用进展.环境与健康杂志(4):241-244.
黄骏雄.1994.环境样品前处理技术及其进展(一).环境化学13(001):95-104.
江桂斌.2004.环境样品前处理技术.北京:化学工业山版社.
金晓英,袁东星.2005.动态液相微蒂取-气相色谱法测定水样中有机磷农药残留.分析化学 33(3):347-350.
康绍英,王海波,马铭.2004.液相微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定尿样中的利多卡囚.分析化学11(32):1425-1470.
李敏霞,吴京洪,曾玮,马志玲.2006.液相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水样中邻苯二甲酸酯.分析化学 34(8):1172-1174.
励建荣,夏明.2001.超临界流体萃取技术研究进展.食品与发酵工业 27(9):79-83.
廖劲松.2002.超临界流体萃取的应用技术研究.食品科技(12):12-15.
刘景富,江桂斌.2004.膜分离样品前处理技术.分析化学 32(10):1389-1394.
马继平,王涵文,关亚风.2002.固相微萃取新技术.色谱 20(1):16-20.
牟世芬,刘克纳.1997.加速溶剂萃取技术及其在环境分析中的应用.环境化学16(4):387-391.
桑向玲,王小波,刘娟.2005.液相微萃取气相色谱法测定水中丁草胺.广东公安科技(3):4-6.
韦进宝,钱沙华.2002.环境分析化学.北京:北京:化学工业出版社.
俞琛捷,马宏佳,周志华.2007.超临界流体技术的应用研究进展.化学世界(2):118-124.
张红,陈玲,陈皓,彭中良.2004.液相微萃取技术及其在环境水样预处理中的应用.环境监测管理与技术 16(6):8-11.
张月琴,吴淑琪.2003.水中有机污染物前处理方法进展.分析测试学报 22(003):106-109.
周珊,赵立文,马腾蛟,黄骏雄.2006.固相微萃取(SPME) 技术基本理论及应用进展.现代科学仪器(2):86-90.