服装CAD中区域搜索与裁片缝合技术的研究与实现
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摘要
服装CAD系统从二维向三维转变，是三维计算机技术成熟与服装个性化定制的一个必然趋势与结果。虽然有关的研究工作已经蓬勃展开，但要达到实用的水平还有很多工作要做。本论文研究了切割区域搜索与二维裁片缝合的实现技术，阐述了三维服装原型还原成可以裁剪、缝合的二维裁片以及二维裁片缝合成三维服装展示服装成型效果的中心环节。
服装的三维裁剪完全是基于人体模型进行的，利用三维裁剪获得的裁片加工制成的衣服更符合人体。切割区域的自动搜索是三维裁剪中的一个重要问题，论文第二章从曲面切割出发，对切割区域自动搜索进行详细定义，并给出了普通切割区域的搜索方法，兼顾搜索速度与搜索结果精度。针对带桥边或省道的切割区域给出了新的搜索算法，从而解决了服装、玩具设计中的存在特殊切割线的区域搜索问题。最后还给出了几个实例来比较算法的效率和精度。
二维裁片的预处理是裁片缝合的基础。论文第三章首先对曲面展开算法做了简单介绍，在弹簧—质点模型和几何展平法的基础上，完成曲面片三维到二维的映射；然后介绍了裁片边界线生成方法，通过三维切割线经过网格顶点的信息构建裁片边界线信息，再利用三次样条曲线生成裁片最终边界线；最后描述了缝合信息的获取方法，在搜索公共切割线前提下，对裁片边界线进行离散处理，获得离散点集等相关信息。
二维裁片缝合是检查服装设计效果的有效手段。论文第四章介绍了常用的Delaunay三角化算法，并通过实例比较了这些算法。针对重三角化后的网格形状不尽完美的情况，提出了利用网格边交换与网格边能量优化的方法来优化网格。同时利用重心坐标把裁片顶点从二维映射到三维上；利用共享边界线的信息把分散的裁片重新缝合到三维人体上。整个处理流程简单、高效且易于实现，有效的保证了缝合结果的准确性。
基于上述研究工作，论文第五章介绍LookStailorX系统框架，并对系统开发环境作简要介绍，同时详细介绍了上述研究工作在该系统中的应用。
最后，在第六章总结本文的工作，并对项目课题研究的发展前景从技术上和应用上作了展望。
It is an inevitable trend for GCAD system to convert from 2D to 3D due to 3D computer technology's maturity and the necessity of customized garment. Although related research has vigorously expanded, a lot of work needs to do to achieve the practical level. In this thesis, we researched the technologies of cutting region searching and 2D pattern sewing, and also elaborated the essential process about the prototype of 3D garment flattened to cuttable and sewable 2D patterns as well as 2D patterns sewed to 3D garment for demonstrating garment modeling effect.
3D cutting of garment is completely based on the manikin; hence garment made by patterns which were obtained from 3D cutting conforms to the human body. Automatic region searching is a key problem of 3D cutting. In chapter 2, started from surface trimming, things about automatical region searching are defined with details. In addition, a searching algorithm for normal cutting region is presented, which considers searching speed and accuracy. A new searching algorithm for cutting region with Darts or Super-lines is proposed, which solved the problem about region searching with special cutting lines in garment or joy design. Finally, several examples are gived to compare the efficiency and the precision of the algorithm.
2D pattern pretreatment is the foundation of pattern sewing. In chapter 3, surface flattening algorithms have been introduced briefly. Based on the mass-spring model and geometrical flattening algorithm, surface mapping from 3D to 2D are implemented. Also method of building boundary of patterns is presented. Algorithm gets the information of boundary lines from 3D cutting line and creates the boundary lines using cubic B-spline. In the end, method of getting sewing information is depicted. Boundary lines are discretized into point set in the precondition of searching common cutting line.
2D pattern sewing is an available method for inspection the garment design effect. In chapter 4, regular Delaunay triangulation methods are introduced and compared through several instances. In view of the mesh is not top-quality after re-triangulated, edge exchange and edge energy optimization as the mesh optimization methods are proposed. Meantime, mesh vertices are mapped from 2D to 3D by using barycenter coordinates and dispersive patterns are sewed to manikin by using information of shared boundary line among meshes. The entire process flow is simple, effective and easy to implement. It also guarantees the accuracy of sewing result.
服装的三维裁剪完全是基于人体模型进行的，利用三维裁剪获得的裁片加工制成的衣服更符合人体。切割区域的自动搜索是三维裁剪中的一个重要问题，论文第二章从曲面切割出发，对切割区域自动搜索进行详细定义，并给出了普通切割区域的搜索方法，兼顾搜索速度与搜索结果精度。针对带桥边或省道的切割区域给出了新的搜索算法，从而解决了服装、玩具设计中的存在特殊切割线的区域搜索问题。最后还给出了几个实例来比较算法的效率和精度。
二维裁片的预处理是裁片缝合的基础。论文第三章首先对曲面展开算法做了简单介绍，在弹簧—质点模型和几何展平法的基础上，完成曲面片三维到二维的映射；然后介绍了裁片边界线生成方法，通过三维切割线经过网格顶点的信息构建裁片边界线信息，再利用三次样条曲线生成裁片最终边界线；最后描述了缝合信息的获取方法，在搜索公共切割线前提下，对裁片边界线进行离散处理，获得离散点集等相关信息。
二维裁片缝合是检查服装设计效果的有效手段。论文第四章介绍了常用的Delaunay三角化算法，并通过实例比较了这些算法。针对重三角化后的网格形状不尽完美的情况，提出了利用网格边交换与网格边能量优化的方法来优化网格。同时利用重心坐标把裁片顶点从二维映射到三维上；利用共享边界线的信息把分散的裁片重新缝合到三维人体上。整个处理流程简单、高效且易于实现，有效的保证了缝合结果的准确性。
基于上述研究工作，论文第五章介绍LookStailorX系统框架，并对系统开发环境作简要介绍，同时详细介绍了上述研究工作在该系统中的应用。
最后，在第六章总结本文的工作，并对项目课题研究的发展前景从技术上和应用上作了展望。
It is an inevitable trend for GCAD system to convert from 2D to 3D due to 3D computer technology's maturity and the necessity of customized garment. Although related research has vigorously expanded, a lot of work needs to do to achieve the practical level. In this thesis, we researched the technologies of cutting region searching and 2D pattern sewing, and also elaborated the essential process about the prototype of 3D garment flattened to cuttable and sewable 2D patterns as well as 2D patterns sewed to 3D garment for demonstrating garment modeling effect.
3D cutting of garment is completely based on the manikin; hence garment made by patterns which were obtained from 3D cutting conforms to the human body. Automatic region searching is a key problem of 3D cutting. In chapter 2, started from surface trimming, things about automatical region searching are defined with details. In addition, a searching algorithm for normal cutting region is presented, which considers searching speed and accuracy. A new searching algorithm for cutting region with Darts or Super-lines is proposed, which solved the problem about region searching with special cutting lines in garment or joy design. Finally, several examples are gived to compare the efficiency and the precision of the algorithm.
2D pattern pretreatment is the foundation of pattern sewing. In chapter 3, surface flattening algorithms have been introduced briefly. Based on the mass-spring model and geometrical flattening algorithm, surface mapping from 3D to 2D are implemented. Also method of building boundary of patterns is presented. Algorithm gets the information of boundary lines from 3D cutting line and creates the boundary lines using cubic B-spline. In the end, method of getting sewing information is depicted. Boundary lines are discretized into point set in the precondition of searching common cutting line.
2D pattern sewing is an available method for inspection the garment design effect. In chapter 4, regular Delaunay triangulation methods are introduced and compared through several instances. In view of the mesh is not top-quality after re-triangulated, edge exchange and edge energy optimization as the mesh optimization methods are proposed. Meantime, mesh vertices are mapped from 2D to 3D by using barycenter coordinates and dispersive patterns are sewed to manikin by using information of shared boundary line among meshes. The entire process flow is simple, effective and easy to implement. It also guarantees the accuracy of sewing result.
引文
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[3]．杨继新．三维服装CAD的几何学原理与数字化立体裁剪技术基础的研究[学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学．2001
[4]．马羚，胡平．信息化造就服装CAD——服装虚拟设计系统的现状与展望．天津纺织科技，2005，43(1)：2～3
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[6]．李旭．三维人台、服装造型及衣片展开CAD技术的探讨．浙江工程学院学报，2002．3(19)：175～180
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[29]. Provot X. Deformation constraints in a mass-spring model to describe rigid cloth behavior. In Wayne A ed. Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference'95. Vancouver: Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, 1995. 147～154
[30]. Carignan M, Yang Y, Thalmann N Mo Dressing animation synthetic actor with complex deformable clothes. Computer Graphics, 1992, 26(2): 99～104
[31]. Wu Zhuang, Yuan Ming-hui. Isometric transformation between 2D and 3D surfaces. In Porceedings of the International Conference'97 on MA 1997. 66～71
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[36]. Bielser D, Maiwald VA, Gross MH. Interactive Cuts through 3-Dimensional Soft Tissue. Computer Graphic Forum, 1999, 18(3): 31～38.
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[2]．龚勤理．立体裁剪在服装产业中的作用和地位．浙江工艺美术，2001，25(2)：12～13
[3]．杨继新．三维服装CAD的几何学原理与数字化立体裁剪技术基础的研究[学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学．2001
[4]．马羚，胡平．信息化造就服装CAD——服装虚拟设计系统的现状与展望．天津纺织科技，2005，43(1)：2～3
[5]．刘卉，许端清，陈纯．服装CAD综述．计算机辅助设计与图形学学报，2000，12(6)：73～480
[6]．李旭．三维人台、服装造型及衣片展开CAD技术的探讨．浙江工程学院学报，2002．3(19)：175～180
[7]. Gerber Technology (OL) . http://www.gerbertechnology.com/index.asp, 2005.12
[8]. PAD System (OL). http://www.padsystem.com/en/index.html, 2005.12
[9]. Lectra System (OL). http://www.lectra.com/en/index.html/,2005.12
[10]. Investronica (OL). http://www.investronica.es/investronica/default.htm, 2005.12
[11]. Toray R&D (OL). http://www.toray.com/technology/, 2005.12
[12]. MiraLab (OL). http://www.miralab.unige.ch/, 2005.12
[13]. B K Hinds, J McCartney. Interactive garment design. Visual Computer, 1990, 6:53～61
[14]. B K Hinds, J McCartney, et al Pattern development for 3D surfaces. Computer Aided Design, 1991, 23 (8) : 583～592
[15]. H Okabe, H Imaoka, et al Three dimensional apparel CAD system. Computer Graphics, 1992, 26 (2): 105～110
[16]. T Maekawa, JS Chalfant. Design and Tessellation of B-Spline Developable Surfaces. ASME. Journal of Mechanical Design, 1998, Vol.120:453～461
[17]. JS Chalfant etc. Design for manufacturing using B-spline developable surfaces. Journal of Ship Research, 1998, 42(3): 207～215
[18]. Helmut Pottmann etc. Approximation algorithms for developable surfaces. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 1999, 16:539～556
[19]. Johann Lang etc. Developable (1, n)-Bezier surfaces. Computer Aided Geometric Design, 1992, 9(4): 291～298
[20]. P Rednot. Representation and deformation of developable surfaces. Computer Aided Design, 1989, 2(1): 13～20
[21]. Parida L, Mudur S P. Constraint-satisfying planar development of complex surfaces. Computer Aided Design, 1993, 25(4): 225～232
[22]. Shimada T, Tada Y. Development of curved surface using finite element method. In Computer-Aided Optimum Design of Structures. Rencent Adsing, Spring-verlag. 1989, 23～30
[23]. Chakib Bennis etc. Piecewise surface flattening for non-distorted texture mapping. ACM Computer Graphics, 1991, 25(40): 237～246
[24]. M C Gan etc. Flattening developable bi-parametdc surfaces. Computer and Structures, 1996, 58(4): 703～708
[25]. Terzopoulos D, John Pet at. Elastically deformation models. Computer Graphics. 1987, 21(4): 205～214
[26]. Thalmann N M, Volino P et al. 3D cloth and fashion show. In Thalmann N M, Skala V eds. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference in Central Europe on Conputer Graphics and Visualization'96 Plzen, Czech Republic: West .Bohemia University Press, 1996. 20～30
[27]. Volino P, Thalmann N M. An evolving system for simulating cloths on virtual actors. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1996, 16(5): 42～51
[28]. Breen D E, House D H et al. PrediCting the drape of woven cloth using interacting particle. In Andrew Glassner ed. Proceedings of the 21st International ACM Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. Orlando: ACM Press, 1994. 365～372
[29]. Provot X. Deformation constraints in a mass-spring model to describe rigid cloth behavior. In Wayne A ed. Proceedings of the Graphics Interface Conference'95. Vancouver: Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, 1995. 147～154
[30]. Carignan M, Yang Y, Thalmann N Mo Dressing animation synthetic actor with complex deformable clothes. Computer Graphics, 1992, 26(2): 99～104
[31]. Wu Zhuang, Yuan Ming-hui. Isometric transformation between 2D and 3D surfaces. In Porceedings of the International Conference'97 on MA 1997. 66～71
[32]. Zhao Y F, Wong T Net al. A model for simulating flexible surfaces of cloth object. Computer and Structure, 1997, 63(1): 133～147
[33]. Shostko AA, Lohner R, Sandberg WC. Surface Triangulation over Intersecting Geometries. International Journal of Numerical Method in Engineering, 1999, 44: 1359～1376.
[34]. Coelho LCG, Gattass M, Figueiredo LH. Intersecting and trimming parametric meshes on finite element shells. International Journal of Numerical Method in Engineering, 2000, 47: 777～800
[35]. Lira, William M, Coelho LCG, Martha LF. Multiple Intersections of Finite-Element Surface Meshes. Proc of 11th International Meshing Roundtable, 2002.
[36]. Bielser D, Maiwald VA, Gross MH. Interactive Cuts through 3-Dimensional Soft Tissue. Computer Graphic Forum, 1999, 18(3): 31～38.
[37]. Bruyns CD, Senger S. Interactive cutting of 3D surface meshes. Computers and Graphics, 2001, 25(4): 635～642.
[38]. Bruyns CD, Senger S, Menon A, Motgomery K, Wildermuth S, Boyle R. A survey of interactive mesh-cutting techniques and a new method for implementing generalized mesh cutting using virtual tools. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 2002, 13(1): 21～42.
[39]. Wang CL, Yuen MMF. Freeform extrusion by sketch input. Computers and Graphics, 2003, 27:255～263
[40]. Li Jituo, Lu Guodong, Zhang Dongliang, et al Searching a 3D region for surface trimming, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, accepted.
[41]. Li Jituo, Zhang Dongliang, Lu Guodong, et al. Flattening triangulated surface using a mass-spring model, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2005, 25(1-2):108～117
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