砂井复合地基固结度计算与模型试验研究
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摘要
随着各种软基处理技术的研究和应用越来越深入和广泛,袋装砂井地基处理技术也成为多种有效方法中的一种。一般认为,袋装砂井主要作用在于可形成竖向排水通道,加速软基的固结。而实际上,袋装砂井也直接承受了部分荷载,即形成了砂井复合地基。鉴于砂井作为复合地基的这种特殊性,本文结合国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目“大面积不均匀公路软弱地基按沉降控制双向增强处治技术(2006AA11Z104)”,通过理论分析及室内模型试验,对砂井复合地基的作用机理和固结特性进行了较为系统深入的研究。
首先,基于相似理论,设计并完成了三组室内模型试验：单纯软土地基、袋装砂井复合地基处理软土地基、碎石桩复合地基处理软土地基。对实测的应力、变形及孔隙水压力等数据的对比分析结果表明,除加速软土地基的排水固结外,砂井复合地基可显著改善软土地基的承载能力与沉降特性,但应考虑群桩效应,慎选井距,且当以单桩复合地基载荷试验评价砂井复合地基的承载力时需考虑适当折减。
同时,结合试验数据,通过对砂井复合地基与碎石桩复合地基的桩土应力比变化曲线进行对比分析,得出以下结论：袋装砂井具有不符合传统砂井理论的复合地基桩体作用的结论,且由于砂井复合地基和碎石桩复合地基工作机理的相似性,两者的桩土应力比随荷载的变化呈现相同的变化趋势,但前者的的桩体作用不如后者明显。
最后,基于叠加原理和三维固结解析解,考虑变荷载条件,导出了在单级线性加载条件下未打穿砂井地基平均固结度计算公式,并基于Matlab编制了相应的计算程序。算例分析结果表明,受加载历时影响,砂井打设区和下卧层土体的固结度都较瞬时加载条件下的固结度有所减小,减小幅度随着加载历时的延长而增大,且固结度计算值与模型试验推算值吻合较好,从而证明了本文方法的可行性。
As the research of various widely used soft foundation treatment techniques becoming deeper, bagged sand well foundation treatment technique has become an effective way of available methods. Generally, it is believed that the bagged sand well works as a vertical drain channel which can accelerate the consolidation of soft foundation. In fact, the bagged sand well can also bear a part of the load at the same time as a result of forming the sand well composite foundation. In view of this particularity of sand well composite foundation, aiming at the working mechanism and consolidation behavior, a thorough study on the sand well composite foundation reinforced soft roadbed technique through theoretical analysis and model experiment is made in this dissertation under the support of High Technique Research and Development Program of China (863 program)—"The Treatment Technique of Double Direction Reinforced Foundation Based on The Settlement Control for Large Area and Non-uniform Soft Soil Foundation in Highway Construction".
First, based on similarity theory, three indoor model tests including "soft soil foundation model test", "sand well composite foundation model test" and "gravel pile composite foundation model test" were designed and carried out. The test results show that, sand well can significantly improve the bearing capacity and settlement characteristic of the soft or weak subsoil. However, the "pile group effect" was also found, which means decreasing of the bearing capacity and increasing of the settlement of composite foundation if more sand wells were included under the bearing plate during the loading test. Considering of the "pile group effect", appropriate well spacing should be selected. Moreover, proper discount is also advised when the bearing capacity of the sand well composite foundation is estimated by loading test result of single-pile composite foundation.
At the same time, under the comparative analysis of the pile-soil stress ratio curves between sand well composite foundation and gravel pile composite foundation from the test data, a conclusion had been made that bagged sand well has pile effect as a composite foundation which is inconsistent with the traditional sand well theory. Because of the similarity of work mechanism between sand well composite foundation and gravel pile composite foundation, the pile-soil stress ratio changing along with the exerted load of both show the same trend, while the pile effect of the former is weak than latter.
At last, based on superposition principle and three-dimensional consolidation analytical solution, considering time dependent loading condition, the calculation formula of average consolidation degree of partially penetrating sand drain ground had been derived under the condition of single grade linear loading. The analysis of examples conducted by Matlab calculation program shows that under the influence of loading duration, soil consolidation degree of both the section with vertical drain soil and the section without it decrease compared to the consolidation degree under instantaneous loading,while the scope of this decrease is increasing along with the extending of loading duration. The comparative analysis between the calculation method of this paper and model test shows that the calculated results of the consolidation degree are closed to the value calculated from test data which has proved the feasibility of the method.
首先,基于相似理论,设计并完成了三组室内模型试验：单纯软土地基、袋装砂井复合地基处理软土地基、碎石桩复合地基处理软土地基。对实测的应力、变形及孔隙水压力等数据的对比分析结果表明,除加速软土地基的排水固结外,砂井复合地基可显著改善软土地基的承载能力与沉降特性,但应考虑群桩效应,慎选井距,且当以单桩复合地基载荷试验评价砂井复合地基的承载力时需考虑适当折减。
同时,结合试验数据,通过对砂井复合地基与碎石桩复合地基的桩土应力比变化曲线进行对比分析,得出以下结论：袋装砂井具有不符合传统砂井理论的复合地基桩体作用的结论,且由于砂井复合地基和碎石桩复合地基工作机理的相似性,两者的桩土应力比随荷载的变化呈现相同的变化趋势,但前者的的桩体作用不如后者明显。
最后,基于叠加原理和三维固结解析解,考虑变荷载条件,导出了在单级线性加载条件下未打穿砂井地基平均固结度计算公式,并基于Matlab编制了相应的计算程序。算例分析结果表明,受加载历时影响,砂井打设区和下卧层土体的固结度都较瞬时加载条件下的固结度有所减小,减小幅度随着加载历时的延长而增大,且固结度计算值与模型试验推算值吻合较好,从而证明了本文方法的可行性。
As the research of various widely used soft foundation treatment techniques becoming deeper, bagged sand well foundation treatment technique has become an effective way of available methods. Generally, it is believed that the bagged sand well works as a vertical drain channel which can accelerate the consolidation of soft foundation. In fact, the bagged sand well can also bear a part of the load at the same time as a result of forming the sand well composite foundation. In view of this particularity of sand well composite foundation, aiming at the working mechanism and consolidation behavior, a thorough study on the sand well composite foundation reinforced soft roadbed technique through theoretical analysis and model experiment is made in this dissertation under the support of High Technique Research and Development Program of China (863 program)—"The Treatment Technique of Double Direction Reinforced Foundation Based on The Settlement Control for Large Area and Non-uniform Soft Soil Foundation in Highway Construction".
First, based on similarity theory, three indoor model tests including "soft soil foundation model test", "sand well composite foundation model test" and "gravel pile composite foundation model test" were designed and carried out. The test results show that, sand well can significantly improve the bearing capacity and settlement characteristic of the soft or weak subsoil. However, the "pile group effect" was also found, which means decreasing of the bearing capacity and increasing of the settlement of composite foundation if more sand wells were included under the bearing plate during the loading test. Considering of the "pile group effect", appropriate well spacing should be selected. Moreover, proper discount is also advised when the bearing capacity of the sand well composite foundation is estimated by loading test result of single-pile composite foundation.
At the same time, under the comparative analysis of the pile-soil stress ratio curves between sand well composite foundation and gravel pile composite foundation from the test data, a conclusion had been made that bagged sand well has pile effect as a composite foundation which is inconsistent with the traditional sand well theory. Because of the similarity of work mechanism between sand well composite foundation and gravel pile composite foundation, the pile-soil stress ratio changing along with the exerted load of both show the same trend, while the pile effect of the former is weak than latter.
At last, based on superposition principle and three-dimensional consolidation analytical solution, considering time dependent loading condition, the calculation formula of average consolidation degree of partially penetrating sand drain ground had been derived under the condition of single grade linear loading. The analysis of examples conducted by Matlab calculation program shows that under the influence of loading duration, soil consolidation degree of both the section with vertical drain soil and the section without it decrease compared to the consolidation degree under instantaneous loading,while the scope of this decrease is increasing along with the extending of loading duration. The comparative analysis between the calculation method of this paper and model test shows that the calculated results of the consolidation degree are closed to the value calculated from test data which has proved the feasibility of the method.
引文
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