路堤荷载下复合地基固结特性数值分析
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摘要
复合地基作为一种重要的技术手段,近年来在高等级公路软基处理中得到了广泛应用,学术界对各型复合地基的研究也越来越多,但是目前对各类复合地基的对比研究还比较少。本文采用PLAXIS有限元软件利用单位元模型和平面应变模型对路堤荷载下的多种复合地基的固结问题进行对比分析,总结各种地基固结变形的特点和规律。全文主要内容有以下几个方面:
     1、分别从竖向和径向孔压梯度方面分析了水泥搅拌桩端承桩复合地基固结速度快于匀质土地基的原因,分析表明复合地基深层孔压梯度增大是加快了复合地基固结的主要因素。
     2、对比分析端承桩复合地基和悬桩复合地基的固结特点。与端承桩桩复合地基不同,悬桩复合地基固结速度慢于匀质土地基,其原因主要是下卧层的附加应力增大,致使下卧层孔压消散变慢。
     3、对比分析强排水桩复合地基和弱排水桩复合地基的孔压以及孔压梯度的分布规律。计算表明强排水桩以径向排水为主,孔隙水主要由桩间土向桩体流动;而弱排水桩以竖向排水为主,孔隙水主要由桩体向桩间土流动。
     4、分别采用单位元模型和平面应变模型对比分析。计算表明平面应变模型能更好的反映路中间沉降大、路边沉降小的地基整体变形情况,其桩体最终沉降量小于单位元模型,固结速度快于单位元模型。
Composite ground is being used abroad in recent years in treating the soft-ground under express highway, research about each kind of composite ground in academic circles are more and more,But at present contrast research were still very few.
    This paper analyses many problems about consolidation characters of composite ground under embankment,and concludes their deformation rules, based on unit cell model and plane deformation model, using finite element software of PLAXIS. All the work done is as follows:
    1. Analyze the reason why composite ground which reinforced by cement-mixed piles when they are fully penetrated consolidate more quick than uniform soil ground separately from vertical and radial direction pore pressure and its gradient,The analysis indicated that pore pressure gradient increased in composite ground deep level is the main reason why it consolidate more quick.
    2. Contrast research the consolidation characters of composite ground which reinforced by piles when they are partially penetrated and fully penetrated.Composite ground with floating piles is different with composite ground with end bearing piles,it consolidate more slow than uniform soil ground, the reason is that the additional stress increased in composite ground deep level,caused its pore pressure dissipates more slow.
    3. Contrast research the distribution rule of pore pressure and its gradient in composite ground which reinforced by strong draining piles and weak draining piles. The computation indicated that the pore water's main flow direction in strong draining piles is radial, the pore water mainly flow from the soil to the pile; The pore water's main flow direction in weak draining piles is vertical, the pore water mainly flow from the pile to the soil.
    4. Contrast research using the unit cell model and the plane deformation model. The computation indicated that the plane deformation model can reflect the ground's whole deformation situation that the settlement in middle of road is large than the settlement of roadside,the finally settlement of its piles smaller than the unit cell model,and it consolidate more quick than the unit cell model.
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