扇三角洲前缘储层描述及地质建模研究
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摘要
随着开采时间的增长,我国油田开发正面临着从易开发区向难开发区和边远地区,从储采基本平衡向严重不平衡过渡的严峻形势。扇三角洲是双河油田的重要含油气砂体,因其内部纷繁复杂的结构,造成储集体内部非均质性强,侧向相变快,使不同的沉积微相具有不同规模的砂体和储集层物性特征。目前双河油田已进入特高含水后期开发阶段,开采难度越来越大,出现了资源利用程度高、地下采出程度高、油田综合含水高、地下水淹状况错综复杂的局面,增加了后期挖潜的难度。因此,迫切需要正确认识和预测储层的分布特征和规律,作出正确的勘探开发战略决策,不断优化开发方法。要实现这些目标,需要进行科学的储层描述,建立精细的储层地质模型,从而实现对油气储层的定量表征及对各种尺度非均质性的刻画。
针对油田的开发状况和实际需要,本文以双河油田扇三角洲储层为研究背景,综合运用沉积学、层序地层学、开发地质学、随机模拟理论等多学科理论知识为指导,以大量的测井、录井、钻井取心及野外露头等资料为基础,运用先进的多学科相结合的储层描述技术深入研究了储层的沉积特征、沉积微相的空间展布及演化规律、储层层序地层特征、储层物性与非均质性特征、储层随机建模及储层评价技术等内容,并运用多种建模方法建立了储层的沉积微相及物性参数模型,构建了适合研究区的储层综合评价体系,从而精细地刻画了双河油田的储层特征,不仅推动了双河油田的储层研究向定量化、精细化的方向发展,而且将为油田开发方案的调整提供可靠的理论依据。在研究实践中获得了一些成果与创新。
1.首次利用地质、测井、钻井、地震资料相结合的研究方法,采用层序地层分析技术,进行了双河油田核三段上亚段储层的层序地层分析与对比,建立了精细等时层序地层格架。
2.以沉积学理论为指导,以层序地层学理论为基础,对双河油田核三段上亚段储层进行了沉积微相划分,并通过单井相及剖面相分析和沉积微相平面展布特征的研究,建立了不同类型砂体的沉积微相模式,并对其沉积演化规律进行了系统的分析。
3.首次利用测井数据及岩心实验分析资料,对核三段上亚段储层开展了层序格架内的储层物性和微观、层内、层间、平面非均质性研究,精细刻画了其储层物性及非均质性特征,为储层地质模型的建立提供数据支撑。
4.在“相控参数场建模”思路的指导下,首次采用序贯指示模拟、截断高斯模拟及序贯高斯模拟等多种随机模拟方法,建立了核三段部分储层的沉积微相分布模型和储层物性参数分布模型,并依据实际地质资料及相关信息对模型进行检验与优选,从而使所建立的储层地质模型能切实符合地质实际,符合已有资料所揭示的地质统计规律。
5.首次应用数理统计方法及变差图分析,对核三段部分储层的沉积微相和物性参数的空间结构及统计特征进行了分析研究,从而定量表征了储层的空间展布特征。
6.运用储层评价技术,结合沉积微相研究,建立了适合研究区的储层评价标准,首次采用模糊综合评判法对双河油田核三段部分储层进行了综合评价与分类。
经油田的实际数据验证表明,本文的研究方法能较准确地刻划扇三角洲前缘储层的空间分布特点,研究成果不仅具有较强的理论意义,而且具有重要的实用价值。
With the growth of exploitation time, the oilfield development of our country is facing with stem situation that transforms from easy areas to difficult areas, remote areas, from reserve-production primary balance to serious disequilibrium. The fan delta deposit is important oil-gas-bearing sandbody in Shuanghe Oilfield. Because the complicated internal structure, its reservoirs have different extents and geophysical features for each sedimentary microfacies, such as serious internal heterogeneities, rapidly variational facies characteristic. At the present time,Shuanghe Oilfield has entered the high water-bearing late-stage develop- ment, the exploitation is becoming more and more difficult, the using resource level and integral water content is becoming more and more higher, and the potential excavation is becoming more and more difficult. So, it is necessary to exactly know and predict the reservoir distribution characteristics and rules, to draw up the realistic strategic decision on exploratory development, to continuously optimize the development method. To accomplish above objective, some measures that carry out scientific reservoir description and build exquisite geological model must be taken to achieve the quantitative representation and heterogeneity depiction for the hydrocarbon reservoirs.
On the basis of the actual fan delta reservoir exploration and development condition in Shuanghe Oilfield, by applying knowledge on sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, deve- lopment geology, stochastic simulation, based on large amounts of logging, well boring cores, and outcrop data, and in combination with multi-discipline reservoir description technique, this dissertation systematically discussed the sedimentary characteristics of reservoir, the spatial distribution characteristics and evolutional law of sedimentary microfacies, the sequence stratigraphic characteristics, the reservoir property and heterogeneity, the stochastic modeling and reservoir evaluation and so on, built sedimentary microfacies and reservoir property model with many kinds of modeling method, constructed the comprehensive evaluation system for intended interval. Thus, it subtly described the reservoir characteristics in Shuanghe Oilfield, not only gave a push to the quantified, fineness study of reservoir, but also provided with reliable theoretical base for development adjustment in the oilfield. The paper mainly achieved the following results:
1.By first applying knowledge on geology, logging, well boring, seismic data, and sequence stratigraphic analysis technics, this study carried out sequence stratigraphic analysis and contrast of the upper member of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in Shuanghe Oilfield, built fineness isochronic sequence stratigraphic framework.
2.Guided by sedimentology theory, based on sequence stratigraphy, the sedimentary microfacies are partitioned, the microfacies mapping characteristics are described by single well and section facies analysis, the depositional model of different types of sandbody are established, and the evolutional law of sedimentary microfacies are systematically analyzed in the upper member of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in Shuanghe Oilfield.
3.The first use of logging and core analysis data to research the reservoir property and microscopic, in-layer, interlayer, areal heterogeneity in the upper member of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation, provide with data support for reservoir geologic modeling.
4.Based on the thought of facies-controlled modeling, the paper first adopt many kinds of stochastic simulation methods, such as sequential indicator simulation, truncated gaussian simulation, sequential gaussian simulation, to build sedimentary microfacies and reservoir property model of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation, and execute the model testing and optimization according to actual geological data and related information.
5.First applying mathematical statistics and variograph analysis method to study spatial structure characteristic parameter of the sedimentary microfacies for the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation, quantificationally depict the spatial distribution characteristics of the reservoir.
6.The dissertation established the criterion of reservoir evaluation for study area by applying the reservoir evaluation technique and sedimentary microfacies research results, first adopted the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the part reservoirs of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in Shuanghe Oilfield.
The research approach advanced in this dissertation has been verified by practical data of Shuanghe Oilfield, and the results can describe the characteristic of fan delta front reservoir spatial distribution accurately. Therefore, the results of this paper not only have great theoretical significance, but also have important role for practical application in Shuanghe Oilfield.
针对油田的开发状况和实际需要,本文以双河油田扇三角洲储层为研究背景,综合运用沉积学、层序地层学、开发地质学、随机模拟理论等多学科理论知识为指导,以大量的测井、录井、钻井取心及野外露头等资料为基础,运用先进的多学科相结合的储层描述技术深入研究了储层的沉积特征、沉积微相的空间展布及演化规律、储层层序地层特征、储层物性与非均质性特征、储层随机建模及储层评价技术等内容,并运用多种建模方法建立了储层的沉积微相及物性参数模型,构建了适合研究区的储层综合评价体系,从而精细地刻画了双河油田的储层特征,不仅推动了双河油田的储层研究向定量化、精细化的方向发展,而且将为油田开发方案的调整提供可靠的理论依据。在研究实践中获得了一些成果与创新。
1.首次利用地质、测井、钻井、地震资料相结合的研究方法,采用层序地层分析技术,进行了双河油田核三段上亚段储层的层序地层分析与对比,建立了精细等时层序地层格架。
2.以沉积学理论为指导,以层序地层学理论为基础,对双河油田核三段上亚段储层进行了沉积微相划分,并通过单井相及剖面相分析和沉积微相平面展布特征的研究,建立了不同类型砂体的沉积微相模式,并对其沉积演化规律进行了系统的分析。
3.首次利用测井数据及岩心实验分析资料,对核三段上亚段储层开展了层序格架内的储层物性和微观、层内、层间、平面非均质性研究,精细刻画了其储层物性及非均质性特征,为储层地质模型的建立提供数据支撑。
4.在“相控参数场建模”思路的指导下,首次采用序贯指示模拟、截断高斯模拟及序贯高斯模拟等多种随机模拟方法,建立了核三段部分储层的沉积微相分布模型和储层物性参数分布模型,并依据实际地质资料及相关信息对模型进行检验与优选,从而使所建立的储层地质模型能切实符合地质实际,符合已有资料所揭示的地质统计规律。
5.首次应用数理统计方法及变差图分析,对核三段部分储层的沉积微相和物性参数的空间结构及统计特征进行了分析研究,从而定量表征了储层的空间展布特征。
6.运用储层评价技术,结合沉积微相研究,建立了适合研究区的储层评价标准,首次采用模糊综合评判法对双河油田核三段部分储层进行了综合评价与分类。
经油田的实际数据验证表明,本文的研究方法能较准确地刻划扇三角洲前缘储层的空间分布特点,研究成果不仅具有较强的理论意义,而且具有重要的实用价值。
With the growth of exploitation time, the oilfield development of our country is facing with stem situation that transforms from easy areas to difficult areas, remote areas, from reserve-production primary balance to serious disequilibrium. The fan delta deposit is important oil-gas-bearing sandbody in Shuanghe Oilfield. Because the complicated internal structure, its reservoirs have different extents and geophysical features for each sedimentary microfacies, such as serious internal heterogeneities, rapidly variational facies characteristic. At the present time,Shuanghe Oilfield has entered the high water-bearing late-stage develop- ment, the exploitation is becoming more and more difficult, the using resource level and integral water content is becoming more and more higher, and the potential excavation is becoming more and more difficult. So, it is necessary to exactly know and predict the reservoir distribution characteristics and rules, to draw up the realistic strategic decision on exploratory development, to continuously optimize the development method. To accomplish above objective, some measures that carry out scientific reservoir description and build exquisite geological model must be taken to achieve the quantitative representation and heterogeneity depiction for the hydrocarbon reservoirs.
On the basis of the actual fan delta reservoir exploration and development condition in Shuanghe Oilfield, by applying knowledge on sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, deve- lopment geology, stochastic simulation, based on large amounts of logging, well boring cores, and outcrop data, and in combination with multi-discipline reservoir description technique, this dissertation systematically discussed the sedimentary characteristics of reservoir, the spatial distribution characteristics and evolutional law of sedimentary microfacies, the sequence stratigraphic characteristics, the reservoir property and heterogeneity, the stochastic modeling and reservoir evaluation and so on, built sedimentary microfacies and reservoir property model with many kinds of modeling method, constructed the comprehensive evaluation system for intended interval. Thus, it subtly described the reservoir characteristics in Shuanghe Oilfield, not only gave a push to the quantified, fineness study of reservoir, but also provided with reliable theoretical base for development adjustment in the oilfield. The paper mainly achieved the following results:
1.By first applying knowledge on geology, logging, well boring, seismic data, and sequence stratigraphic analysis technics, this study carried out sequence stratigraphic analysis and contrast of the upper member of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in Shuanghe Oilfield, built fineness isochronic sequence stratigraphic framework.
2.Guided by sedimentology theory, based on sequence stratigraphy, the sedimentary microfacies are partitioned, the microfacies mapping characteristics are described by single well and section facies analysis, the depositional model of different types of sandbody are established, and the evolutional law of sedimentary microfacies are systematically analyzed in the upper member of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in Shuanghe Oilfield.
3.The first use of logging and core analysis data to research the reservoir property and microscopic, in-layer, interlayer, areal heterogeneity in the upper member of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation, provide with data support for reservoir geologic modeling.
4.Based on the thought of facies-controlled modeling, the paper first adopt many kinds of stochastic simulation methods, such as sequential indicator simulation, truncated gaussian simulation, sequential gaussian simulation, to build sedimentary microfacies and reservoir property model of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation, and execute the model testing and optimization according to actual geological data and related information.
5.First applying mathematical statistics and variograph analysis method to study spatial structure characteristic parameter of the sedimentary microfacies for the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation, quantificationally depict the spatial distribution characteristics of the reservoir.
6.The dissertation established the criterion of reservoir evaluation for study area by applying the reservoir evaluation technique and sedimentary microfacies research results, first adopted the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the part reservoirs of the third member of Hetaoyuan Formation in Shuanghe Oilfield.
The research approach advanced in this dissertation has been verified by practical data of Shuanghe Oilfield, and the results can describe the characteristic of fan delta front reservoir spatial distribution accurately. Therefore, the results of this paper not only have great theoretical significance, but also have important role for practical application in Shuanghe Oilfield.
引文
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