足底矫形器CAD系统设计
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摘要
足底矫形器作为一种以减轻足底骨骼肌肉系统的功能障碍为目的的支撑装置,可以用于矫治足部各种疾患。为了提高足底矫形器的性能和制作成功率,本文对足底矫形器CAD系统进行了研究和设计。
本文简要介绍了当前足底矫形器CAD系统的发展概况。由于国内CAD/CAM技术起步较晚,技术水平已经远远落后于德国、美国等发达国家,对矫形器CAD/CAM系统目前还没有进行开发和应用,因此需要一套自己的足底矫形器CAD/CAM系统。本文分析了足底矫形器CAD系统的组成,并针对各组成部分的功能分别进行了阐述,包括足底矫形器的数字化测量、数学模型的建立、交互的模型显示、模型的修型功能等等。足底矫形器的数字化测量采用三维激光扫描仪采集模型的几何信息,建立了用STL文件描述的矫形器原始模型。之后利用分层算法对模型进行分层,求得每层截面的轮廓点。最后对轮廓点进行规格化,得到模型的点云文件。根据以上建模过程得到的点云文件,一方面可以方便对选定的模型区域进行数据修改,从而得到合理、舒适的模型,另一方面可以对修型后的模型直接生成CAM加工文件,完成模型的数控加工。本CAD软件还利用OpenGL技术实现了模型的交互式设计,从而提高设计效率,降低生产成本,减少对操作者技术水平和知识经验的要求,增加矫形器的舒适性。
Foot orthosis,as a kind of support installation for alleviating the function obstacle of skeleton muscle system in foot, can be used to treat all kind of feet diseases. To raise produce successful rate and the property of foot orthosis,this paper studies and designs for foot orthosis CAD system.
First,this paper introduces the current situation of foot orthosis CAD system.Because the domesstc study for CAD/CAM technology started just in recent years, the technical level has fallen behind developed countries such as Germany and America. And there are still no development and application for orthosis CAD/CAM system, therefore a set of foot orthosis CAD/CAM system is needed. Then, the composition of foot orthosis CAD system have been analysed, and funtion of every parts has been elaborated separately, including the digital measurement of model, the digital modeling of foot orthosis, interactive model display, modification function of model and so on. By using 3D laser scan gathering geometry information from foot orthotic model, original model of foot orthosis has been builded by STL file. Then, the profile of each layers can be acquired by using slicing algorithm delaminating model. Finally, through the profile's standardization, dot cloud file will be gained. Base on dot cloud file gathering through modeling process above, one side data modification in edited area can be carried out expediently, and reasonable, comfortable model will be get. On the other side CAM machining file can be builded directly after modification process, sequentially accomplish numerical control machining of model. This CAD software also make use of OpenGL technology to realize the interactive design of model, thereby improve design efficiency, reduce production cost, decrease technique level and knowledge requirement of manipulator, enhance comfortable of orthosis.
本文简要介绍了当前足底矫形器CAD系统的发展概况。由于国内CAD/CAM技术起步较晚,技术水平已经远远落后于德国、美国等发达国家,对矫形器CAD/CAM系统目前还没有进行开发和应用,因此需要一套自己的足底矫形器CAD/CAM系统。本文分析了足底矫形器CAD系统的组成,并针对各组成部分的功能分别进行了阐述,包括足底矫形器的数字化测量、数学模型的建立、交互的模型显示、模型的修型功能等等。足底矫形器的数字化测量采用三维激光扫描仪采集模型的几何信息,建立了用STL文件描述的矫形器原始模型。之后利用分层算法对模型进行分层,求得每层截面的轮廓点。最后对轮廓点进行规格化,得到模型的点云文件。根据以上建模过程得到的点云文件,一方面可以方便对选定的模型区域进行数据修改,从而得到合理、舒适的模型,另一方面可以对修型后的模型直接生成CAM加工文件,完成模型的数控加工。本CAD软件还利用OpenGL技术实现了模型的交互式设计,从而提高设计效率,降低生产成本,减少对操作者技术水平和知识经验的要求,增加矫形器的舒适性。
Foot orthosis,as a kind of support installation for alleviating the function obstacle of skeleton muscle system in foot, can be used to treat all kind of feet diseases. To raise produce successful rate and the property of foot orthosis,this paper studies and designs for foot orthosis CAD system.
First,this paper introduces the current situation of foot orthosis CAD system.Because the domesstc study for CAD/CAM technology started just in recent years, the technical level has fallen behind developed countries such as Germany and America. And there are still no development and application for orthosis CAD/CAM system, therefore a set of foot orthosis CAD/CAM system is needed. Then, the composition of foot orthosis CAD system have been analysed, and funtion of every parts has been elaborated separately, including the digital measurement of model, the digital modeling of foot orthosis, interactive model display, modification function of model and so on. By using 3D laser scan gathering geometry information from foot orthotic model, original model of foot orthosis has been builded by STL file. Then, the profile of each layers can be acquired by using slicing algorithm delaminating model. Finally, through the profile's standardization, dot cloud file will be gained. Base on dot cloud file gathering through modeling process above, one side data modification in edited area can be carried out expediently, and reasonable, comfortable model will be get. On the other side CAM machining file can be builded directly after modification process, sequentially accomplish numerical control machining of model. This CAD software also make use of OpenGL technology to realize the interactive design of model, thereby improve design efficiency, reduce production cost, decrease technique level and knowledge requirement of manipulator, enhance comfortable of orthosis.
引文
[1] Cathleen E Buckon,Susan Sienko Thomas. Comparison of three ankle 一 foot orthosis configurations for children with spastic hemiplegia. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. 2001,43(6):371-378
[2] Jacqueline Romkes, Reinald Brunner. Comparison of a dynamic and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis by gait analysis in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait&Posture. 2002, 150):18-24
[3] A Redmond, PS Lumb and K Landorf. Effect of cast and noncast foot orthosis on plantar pressure and force during normal gait. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2000,90(9):441-449
[4] Margaret E, D. Duncan,David J,Michael R. Chopart prosthesis and semirigid foot orthosis in traumatic forefoot amputation comparative gait analysis. American Journal of Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation. 1996,75(4):283-291
[5]郭欣.假肢接受腔计算机辅助制造系统:[硕十学位论文].河北工业大学:河北工业大学研究生部,2002 年
[6]马范爱红.假肢接受腔计算机辅助设计:[硕十学位论文].河北工业大学:河北工业大学研究生部,2001 年
[7] Shah J,Mathew A. Experimental investigation of the STEP form feature information model. Computer Aided Design. 1991,23:282-296
[8] Tek-Jin ;Nam,David Wright. The development and evaluation of Syco3D: a real一time collaborative 3D CAD system Design studies. 2001,22(6):557-582
[9]程凯. 计算机辅助设计技术基础.化学工业出版社,2005 年
[10]巴利卡拉克斯.计算机辅助设计与制造中的外形分析.机械工业出版社,2005 年
[11]宋丹路.卫生陶瓷产品三维实体建模方法与 CAD 系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].四川大学,2001 年 5 月
[12] Bloor M. S,Owen J. CAD/CAM product data exchange: the next STEP. Computer Aided Design,1991,23:237-243
[13] Dave Shreiner , Mason Woo, Jackie Neider, Tom Davis. OpenGL Programming Guide. China Machine Press,2006
[14] [美]Dave Shreiner. OpenGL 参考手册(第 3 版).北京:机械工业出版社,2001 年 1 月
[15] Barr A. Global and local deformation of solid primitives. Computer Graphics Proceedings. 1984
[16] Angel,Edward, Teaching a three-dimensional computer graphics class using OpenGL. In: Computer Graphics (ACM).1997, 31(3):54-55
[17]潘云鹤.计算机图形学.北京:高等教育出版社,2001 年 1 月
[18]孙家广。计算机图形学.北京:清华人学出版社,1998 年
[19] [美] Donald Hearn & M . Pauline Baker.计算机图形学北京:电子工业出版社,1998 年,302-320
[20] F.S.Hill. Computer Graphics Using OpenGL[M]. Pearson Education,2005:242-243
[21]肖树才,江开勇,张美琴,张扬龙,. 基于OpenGL的视点变换在三维鞋楦交互选取中的实现[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007,(3).
[22]陆瑶,邬春学,易慧媛,. OpenGL建模技术在VC++.NET环境下的实现方法研究[J]. 现代 电子技术,2007,(10).
[23]肖棋,林俊义,. STL文件格式在反求造型中的应用[J]. 华侨大学学报(自然科版),2006,(3).
[24]卫炜,周来水,张丽艳,. 海量STL文件的快速读取与显示[J]. 机械科学与技术,2006,(8).
[25]王清辉,王彪.Visual C++ CAD 应用程序开发技术.机械工业出版社 2003, (7)
[26] Pan Haipeng,Zhou Tianrui. Generation and optimization of slice profile data in rapid prototyping and manufacturing[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007 623-626
[27] Dong-Xing Wang, Dong-Ming Guo. Slicing of CAD models in color STL format[J]. Computers in Industry, 2006,3-10:
[28]李占利,丁玉成.基于 STL 的高性能分层处理软件的研发.计算机应用与件,2001,(10),21-23
[29]赵吉宾,刘伟军,王越超.基于STL文件的实体分割算法研究[J]. 机械科学与技术,2005,(2).
[30]苏宏伦,杨鹏,陈曦,郭欣. 交互仿真技术在足底矫形器设计中的应用[J]. 计算机应用研究,2004,(1).
[31]石颉,陈曦.三次样条插值在足底矫形器局部修型中的应用[J].河北工业大学学报,2004,(6)
[32]熊振翔.插值多项式与插值样条[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[33]王成,曾晓雁,. 激光三维雕刻中扫描算法的研究[J]. 工程图学学报,2007,(4).
[34]唐荣锡.计算机图形学教程.北京:科学出版社,2000 年
[35]冯结青,彭群生.多边形物体的精确 B 一样条自由变形.软件学报.1999, 1000): 1009-1015 [36] T Sederberg,S Parry.Free 一 form deformation of solid geometric models[A]. Computer Graphics Proceedings. 1986
[37]Barr A .Global and local deformation of solid primitives. Computer Graphics Proceedings. 1984
[38]P Borrel.Simple constrained deformations for geometric modeling and interactive design[J],ACM Transactions on Graphics,1994,13(2):137-155
[39]朱翔,胡事民,孙家厂基于外部能量约束的曲面形状修改[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(9):651-655
[40][美]David J, Kruglinski, Scot Wingo et al. Programming Visual C++ 6. 0 技术内幕(第五版).北京:北京希望电子出版社,1999 年
[41][美]Beck "Laratian. Microsoft Visual C++6 程序员指南.北京:北京希望电脑公司,1998
[43][美]Charles Petzold. Windows 程序设计.比京:北京大学出版社,1999 年 11 月
[2] Jacqueline Romkes, Reinald Brunner. Comparison of a dynamic and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis by gait analysis in patients with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait&Posture. 2002, 150):18-24
[3] A Redmond, PS Lumb and K Landorf. Effect of cast and noncast foot orthosis on plantar pressure and force during normal gait. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2000,90(9):441-449
[4] Margaret E, D. Duncan,David J,Michael R. Chopart prosthesis and semirigid foot orthosis in traumatic forefoot amputation comparative gait analysis. American Journal of Physical Medicine&Rehabilitation. 1996,75(4):283-291
[5]郭欣.假肢接受腔计算机辅助制造系统:[硕十学位论文].河北工业大学:河北工业大学研究生部,2002 年
[6]马范爱红.假肢接受腔计算机辅助设计:[硕十学位论文].河北工业大学:河北工业大学研究生部,2001 年
[7] Shah J,Mathew A. Experimental investigation of the STEP form feature information model. Computer Aided Design. 1991,23:282-296
[8] Tek-Jin ;Nam,David Wright. The development and evaluation of Syco3D: a real一time collaborative 3D CAD system Design studies. 2001,22(6):557-582
[9]程凯. 计算机辅助设计技术基础.化学工业出版社,2005 年
[10]巴利卡拉克斯.计算机辅助设计与制造中的外形分析.机械工业出版社,2005 年
[11]宋丹路.卫生陶瓷产品三维实体建模方法与 CAD 系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].四川大学,2001 年 5 月
[12] Bloor M. S,Owen J. CAD/CAM product data exchange: the next STEP. Computer Aided Design,1991,23:237-243
[13] Dave Shreiner , Mason Woo, Jackie Neider, Tom Davis. OpenGL Programming Guide. China Machine Press,2006
[14] [美]Dave Shreiner. OpenGL 参考手册(第 3 版).北京:机械工业出版社,2001 年 1 月
[15] Barr A. Global and local deformation of solid primitives. Computer Graphics Proceedings. 1984
[16] Angel,Edward, Teaching a three-dimensional computer graphics class using OpenGL. In: Computer Graphics (ACM).1997, 31(3):54-55
[17]潘云鹤.计算机图形学.北京:高等教育出版社,2001 年 1 月
[18]孙家广。计算机图形学.北京:清华人学出版社,1998 年
[19] [美] Donald Hearn & M . Pauline Baker.计算机图形学北京:电子工业出版社,1998 年,302-320
[20] F.S.Hill. Computer Graphics Using OpenGL[M]. Pearson Education,2005:242-243
[21]肖树才,江开勇,张美琴,张扬龙,. 基于OpenGL的视点变换在三维鞋楦交互选取中的实现[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007,(3).
[22]陆瑶,邬春学,易慧媛,. OpenGL建模技术在VC++.NET环境下的实现方法研究[J]. 现代 电子技术,2007,(10).
[23]肖棋,林俊义,. STL文件格式在反求造型中的应用[J]. 华侨大学学报(自然科版),2006,(3).
[24]卫炜,周来水,张丽艳,. 海量STL文件的快速读取与显示[J]. 机械科学与技术,2006,(8).
[25]王清辉,王彪.Visual C++ CAD 应用程序开发技术.机械工业出版社 2003, (7)
[26] Pan Haipeng,Zhou Tianrui. Generation and optimization of slice profile data in rapid prototyping and manufacturing[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007 623-626
[27] Dong-Xing Wang, Dong-Ming Guo. Slicing of CAD models in color STL format[J]. Computers in Industry, 2006,3-10:
[28]李占利,丁玉成.基于 STL 的高性能分层处理软件的研发.计算机应用与件,2001,(10),21-23
[29]赵吉宾,刘伟军,王越超.基于STL文件的实体分割算法研究[J]. 机械科学与技术,2005,(2).
[30]苏宏伦,杨鹏,陈曦,郭欣. 交互仿真技术在足底矫形器设计中的应用[J]. 计算机应用研究,2004,(1).
[31]石颉,陈曦.三次样条插值在足底矫形器局部修型中的应用[J].河北工业大学学报,2004,(6)
[32]熊振翔.插值多项式与插值样条[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[33]王成,曾晓雁,. 激光三维雕刻中扫描算法的研究[J]. 工程图学学报,2007,(4).
[34]唐荣锡.计算机图形学教程.北京:科学出版社,2000 年
[35]冯结青,彭群生.多边形物体的精确 B 一样条自由变形.软件学报.1999, 1000): 1009-1015 [36] T Sederberg,S Parry.Free 一 form deformation of solid geometric models[A]. Computer Graphics Proceedings. 1986
[37]Barr A .Global and local deformation of solid primitives. Computer Graphics Proceedings. 1984
[38]P Borrel.Simple constrained deformations for geometric modeling and interactive design[J],ACM Transactions on Graphics,1994,13(2):137-155
[39]朱翔,胡事民,孙家厂基于外部能量约束的曲面形状修改[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(9):651-655
[40][美]David J, Kruglinski, Scot Wingo et al. Programming Visual C++ 6. 0 技术内幕(第五版).北京:北京希望电子出版社,1999 年
[41][美]Beck "Laratian. Microsoft Visual C++6 程序员指南.北京:北京希望电脑公司,1998
[43][美]Charles Petzold. Windows 程序设计.比京:北京大学出版社,1999 年 11 月