计算机制实际物体彩色全息图的理论与技术研究
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摘要
全息术作为一种重要的三维显示技术,因其立体显示过程完全与人类立体视觉的生理和心理因素相匹配,因而被称作是真正的三维显示技术。尽管全息显示理论已基本趋于完善,但实用全息显示与人们的期望还相差甚远。研究实用全息显示,具有重要的现实意义。
由于相干性和稳定性要求,包括人像在内的实际场景的三维显示是光学全息勉为其难的。利用计算全息进行三维显示的意义在于,不仅仅是因为完全节省了相干光源以及要求相当精密的光路设置,更为重要的是可以进行实际场景的三维显示,而且还能模拟各种虚拟物体,故具有明显的简易性与灵活性。
彩色全息术因其能显示三维的彩色像而极具现场性,本课题选取彩色人像的三维显示作为研究目标,是因为彩色人像的立体显示更具实用意义,同时,相对一般彩色自然场景而言,人像的颜色变化引起视觉敏感性强,有利于判断颜色匹配的正确性,以便为制作高质量的彩色全息图的研究提供依据。
本论文主要包括四部分内容：
一、三维显示技术发展综述。详细回顾了三维显示研究的历史和现状,分析了光学全息、计算全息和数字全息对三维显示技术的影响以及发展趋势；阐述了本论文研究的基本思想和方法。
二、彩色计算全息的基本算法。包括对计算菲涅耳全息的基本算法以及其离散化采样问题,同时对彩色彩虹计算全息图的算法进行了全面分析,包括单色全息和彩色全息的内在关系、彩色全息图的再现和色串扰的消除等问题。
三、彩色计算全息颜色匹配。详细研究了计算全息颜色的传递过程,针对计算波长、再现光谱,对彩色计算全息的颜色匹配进行了全面的分析,对于计算彩色菲涅耳全息和计算彩色彩虹全息两套显色系统的显色能力进行了详细分析。
四、实际物体彩色计算全息图的制作技术。主要包括三个部分：第一、利用彩色数字三维扫描仪获取实际物体的三维彩色信息技术；第二、按照光波的传播规律对数据进行处理获取计算全息用的物光波,根据计算全息和光学全息结合的方法设计全息图计算参数,模拟全息干涉原理计算三分色菲涅耳全息图；第三、计算全息图的缩微输出技术,利用自行研制的计算全息图输出系统将三分色菲涅耳全息图输出在全息记录介质上,再结合光学全息制作实际物体彩色全息图。
本文在研究彩色计算全息图基本算法、计算全息颜色匹配等问题的基础上,提出了一套采用计算全息制作实际物体彩色全息图的技术,首先从理论上证明了该方法的可行性,然后通过大量实验成功实现了实际物体的全息三维显示,为计算全息技术的实用化奠定了基础。
Holography is a significant 3D display technique for its true 3D display ability. Although the theory of holography is almost perfect, the practical holographic display technique is not even close to what we expect. Study of practical holography has realistic meaning.
To produce hologram of real-existing objects such as human beings by optical holography is difficult for its strict requirement such as coherence and stability. The significance of CGH-based 3D display is that it can avoid laser and extremely strict optical setup. What's more, we can produce hologram of real-existing objects and virtual objects by CGH. Therefore, CGH-based 3D display technique has obvious simplicity and flexibility.
Color holography is in site for its color 3D display ability. We have chosen color portrait as research objective based on two reasons. Firstly, color 3D display of portrait is more significant than display of other color objectives. Secondly, the color change of portrait can cause strong visual sensitivity, it will help us to judge the validity of color matching and establish the foundation for making high-quality color hologram.
There are mainly four parts in this paper.
Firstly, we have summarized of 3D display development. We review the history and current situation of 3D display research detailedly, and analyze the influence of optical holography, computer-generated holography (CGH) and digital holography on 3D display and its developmental trend. In addition, we illustrate in detail the basic ideas and method of this paper.
Secondly, we have studied the algorithms of color CGH. We have analyzed in detail the sampling problem of computer-generated Fresnel holograms (CGFH). In addition, we have studied the algorithm of computer-generated rainbow holograms (CGRH). It mainly contains interrelationships between monochrome hologram and color hologram, reproduction of color hologram and elimination of color crosstalk.
Thirdly, we have studied color matching problem of color CGH. We have researched the color transfer process in detail. In addition, we rounded analysis the color matching problem based on the calculated wavelength and spectrum of reconstructed image. The color display ability of CGFH and CGRH are illustrated.
Fourthly, technique for color CGH of real-existing objects is illustrated. It mainly contains three parts:firstly, we use color 3D scanner to obtain the color 3D data of real-existing objects. Secondly, we calculate the object light distribution based on the propagation principle of light wave. The calculate parameters are determined based on algorithm of combined CGH and optical holography. We obtain the CGFH by simulating the principle of holographic interference. Thirdly, we output the CGFH by a self-made CGH microfilming system on a holographic plate, and the color hologram of real-existing object is obtained by combing CGH and optical holography.
In this paper, based on the algorithms and color matching problem of color CGH, we propose a practical method for color holographic display of real-existing objects. We demonstrate the viability of the proposed method theoretically and turn the holographic display of real-existing objects true by CGH, which establishes the foundation of practical use of CGH display technique.
由于相干性和稳定性要求,包括人像在内的实际场景的三维显示是光学全息勉为其难的。利用计算全息进行三维显示的意义在于,不仅仅是因为完全节省了相干光源以及要求相当精密的光路设置,更为重要的是可以进行实际场景的三维显示,而且还能模拟各种虚拟物体,故具有明显的简易性与灵活性。
彩色全息术因其能显示三维的彩色像而极具现场性,本课题选取彩色人像的三维显示作为研究目标,是因为彩色人像的立体显示更具实用意义,同时,相对一般彩色自然场景而言,人像的颜色变化引起视觉敏感性强,有利于判断颜色匹配的正确性,以便为制作高质量的彩色全息图的研究提供依据。
本论文主要包括四部分内容：
一、三维显示技术发展综述。详细回顾了三维显示研究的历史和现状,分析了光学全息、计算全息和数字全息对三维显示技术的影响以及发展趋势；阐述了本论文研究的基本思想和方法。
二、彩色计算全息的基本算法。包括对计算菲涅耳全息的基本算法以及其离散化采样问题,同时对彩色彩虹计算全息图的算法进行了全面分析,包括单色全息和彩色全息的内在关系、彩色全息图的再现和色串扰的消除等问题。
三、彩色计算全息颜色匹配。详细研究了计算全息颜色的传递过程,针对计算波长、再现光谱,对彩色计算全息的颜色匹配进行了全面的分析,对于计算彩色菲涅耳全息和计算彩色彩虹全息两套显色系统的显色能力进行了详细分析。
四、实际物体彩色计算全息图的制作技术。主要包括三个部分：第一、利用彩色数字三维扫描仪获取实际物体的三维彩色信息技术；第二、按照光波的传播规律对数据进行处理获取计算全息用的物光波,根据计算全息和光学全息结合的方法设计全息图计算参数,模拟全息干涉原理计算三分色菲涅耳全息图；第三、计算全息图的缩微输出技术,利用自行研制的计算全息图输出系统将三分色菲涅耳全息图输出在全息记录介质上,再结合光学全息制作实际物体彩色全息图。
本文在研究彩色计算全息图基本算法、计算全息颜色匹配等问题的基础上,提出了一套采用计算全息制作实际物体彩色全息图的技术,首先从理论上证明了该方法的可行性,然后通过大量实验成功实现了实际物体的全息三维显示,为计算全息技术的实用化奠定了基础。
Holography is a significant 3D display technique for its true 3D display ability. Although the theory of holography is almost perfect, the practical holographic display technique is not even close to what we expect. Study of practical holography has realistic meaning.
To produce hologram of real-existing objects such as human beings by optical holography is difficult for its strict requirement such as coherence and stability. The significance of CGH-based 3D display is that it can avoid laser and extremely strict optical setup. What's more, we can produce hologram of real-existing objects and virtual objects by CGH. Therefore, CGH-based 3D display technique has obvious simplicity and flexibility.
Color holography is in site for its color 3D display ability. We have chosen color portrait as research objective based on two reasons. Firstly, color 3D display of portrait is more significant than display of other color objectives. Secondly, the color change of portrait can cause strong visual sensitivity, it will help us to judge the validity of color matching and establish the foundation for making high-quality color hologram.
There are mainly four parts in this paper.
Firstly, we have summarized of 3D display development. We review the history and current situation of 3D display research detailedly, and analyze the influence of optical holography, computer-generated holography (CGH) and digital holography on 3D display and its developmental trend. In addition, we illustrate in detail the basic ideas and method of this paper.
Secondly, we have studied the algorithms of color CGH. We have analyzed in detail the sampling problem of computer-generated Fresnel holograms (CGFH). In addition, we have studied the algorithm of computer-generated rainbow holograms (CGRH). It mainly contains interrelationships between monochrome hologram and color hologram, reproduction of color hologram and elimination of color crosstalk.
Thirdly, we have studied color matching problem of color CGH. We have researched the color transfer process in detail. In addition, we rounded analysis the color matching problem based on the calculated wavelength and spectrum of reconstructed image. The color display ability of CGFH and CGRH are illustrated.
Fourthly, technique for color CGH of real-existing objects is illustrated. It mainly contains three parts:firstly, we use color 3D scanner to obtain the color 3D data of real-existing objects. Secondly, we calculate the object light distribution based on the propagation principle of light wave. The calculate parameters are determined based on algorithm of combined CGH and optical holography. We obtain the CGFH by simulating the principle of holographic interference. Thirdly, we output the CGFH by a self-made CGH microfilming system on a holographic plate, and the color hologram of real-existing object is obtained by combing CGH and optical holography.
In this paper, based on the algorithms and color matching problem of color CGH, we propose a practical method for color holographic display of real-existing objects. We demonstrate the viability of the proposed method theoretically and turn the holographic display of real-existing objects true by CGH, which establishes the foundation of practical use of CGH display technique.
引文
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[2]. Leith BN, Upatnieks. Reconstructed wave fronts and communication theory [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am.,1962,52:1123-1130.
[3]. Karl. A. Stetson. Holography with total internally reflected light [J]. Applied Physics Letters.1967,11:225-226.
[4]. S. A. Benton. Hologram reconstructions with extended incoherent sources [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am.1960,59:1545A-1546A.
[5]. R. Bartolini, W. Hannan, D. Karlsons, and M. Lurie. Embossed Hologram Motion Pictures for Television Playback [J]. Applied Optics,1970,9:2283-2290.
[6]. B. R.Brown and A. W. Lohmann. Complex Spatial Filtering with Binary Masks [J]. Appl. Opt.1966,5:967-969.
[7]. A. W. Lohmann, D. P. Paris. A Computer Generated Spatial Filter Applied to Code Translation [J]. Appl. Opt.1967,6:1139-1140.
[8]. Dymek, Michael S, Yu, Francis T S. Color image processing with CGH filters in a white light optical system [J]. Applied Optics,1987,26:5337-5344.
[9]. Raimo Silvennoinen, Kai-Erik Peiponen, Andris Krumins, etal. Optical quality inspection of PLZT ceramics by using CGH-element [J]. Optical Materials,1977, 7:145-152.
[10]. Kaiser, Thomas, Flamm, Daniel, Schroter, Siegmund. Complete modal decomposition for optical fibers using CGH-based correlation filters [J]. Optics Express,2009,17:9347-9356.
[11]. Hideki Hagino, Soichiro Shimizu, Hikaru Ando, etal. Design of a computer-generated hologram for obtaining a uniform hardened profile by laser transformation hardening with a high-power diode laser [J]. Precision Engineering, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 21 January 2010.
[12]. Daniel V. Hahn, Donald D. Duncan. Digital Hammurabi. Design and Development of a 3D Scanner for Cuneiform Tablets [J]. Three-Dimensional Image Capture and Applications VII, Proc. SPIE.2006,6056:60560E-1-12.
[13]. Daniel V. Hahn, Kevin C. Baldwin. Non-laser-based scanner for three-dimensional digitization of historical artifacts [J]. Appl. Opt.2007,46:2838-2850.
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