基于服装款式平面图的三维款式效果显示研究
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摘要
目前,计算机辅助设计(CAD)技术广泛应用于各种工业生产,为产品的设计开发提供了直观而又有效的帮助,减少了设计开发的成本。国内外纺织服装工业CAD技术日趋成熟,且已形成商品化。但现在广泛应用于生产的大多数还是以二维技术为核心的CAD系统,而作为穿在复杂三维人体身上的服装是立体的,因此随着计算机软硬件技术的不断进步,对于三维服装CAD、虚拟穿着和数字化服装定制的要求渐为明朗,这正是近年来国内外学术界普遍关注和研究的一项重要课题,国内外研究机构和企业对此的研究已经全面展开。
本文基于服装款式平面图的三维款式效果显示研究是上海市教委的重点学科建设项目“服装设计与信息数字化研究”建设内容的子项目“基于风格的智能服装款式结构设计系统”的一个关键模块。该系统主要面向非服装设计专业的用户或设计爱好者,使他们在友好的人机交互中,实现对某一风格款式系列的智能化设计,从而替代了传统的设计师手工创作过程。为了更直观的让用户能够看到服装款式的效果,应用三维CAD技术势在必行。并且秉承服装款式智能设计系统的设计思想,使得用户从二维到三维,随时都可以看见自己设计的款式的显示效果,使得款式设计操作简便实用。
本文工作主要包括以下内容:
了解国内外服装三维CAD技术研究的现状和发展趋势,结合智能服装款式结构设计系统的特点,提出和分析了开发基于服装款式平面图的三维款式效果显示模块的必要性和可行性。
So far the Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology has been widely used in all kinds of industries, which offers great help to the design process of the products and also greatly reduces the cost of design. The CAD technology in textile and garment field becomes more and more mature day by day and already turned to be commercial in the world, such as CAD for fabric structure, 2D design for Garment and so on. But most of CAD systems still stay focusing on the 2D technical area. As a tridimensional object, cloth design demands more researches on the 3D garment CAD, virtual design and digital tailor. This is a very important subject that gets a lot of attention and all-sided researches have been launched all over the world.The study on 3D fashion simulation of garment based on 2D pattern, is an important part of the "Intelligent Style-based Garment Fashion Structure Design System" which is the sub-project of the national key project "Fashion Design and Digital Information Research". The system is designed for non-professionals or amateur designers to finish the design work through simple human-computer operation, which was traditionally handmade by professional designers. To make the process of fashion design more convenient, this thesis introduced application of 3D technology in the Intelligent Fashion Design system to realize 3D garment simulation which was based on 2D pattern and 3D data points of standard model, offering great help to fashion designers.All in all, the main work of the thesis contains as follows.
We have summarized the development and status of 3D garment CAD both inside and outside. While analyzing the characteristics, we know it is necessary and feasible to develop 3D cloth simulation module of the System.According to the attributes of fashion design, a certain piece of garment can be divided into four parts that include collar, piece of body, sleeve, pants or skirt. The process of style design can be simplified as the combination of fashion parts. B3 spline and reversed B3 spline is adopted to construct the outer figure of fashion parts. Meanwhile, mathematical descriptions of the graphical parts are brought forward, the key points and key lines which make up of the garment parts are defined to support the fitting-up of fashion parts and the regulation for parts uniting are established. All these have prepared a good foundation for the later design. This thesis introduced a way to get 3D garment key points that is based on 2D pattern and 3D data points of standard model. With proper quantity of space considered, 3D garment key points could be obtained to provide the foundation for cloth simulation.Based on the measured data of 3D standard model, we constructed a controllable virtual model using the theory of spline interpolation. We put forward an improved surface modeling method and successfully apply it to make 3D garment models. It also realizes a parameterized body model. Certain relations, which make the model easy to control to meet the different demands, are established between the 3D model and the body parameter.We analyzed the core technology and the data organization of the Intelligent Style-based Garment Fashion Structure Design System, designed the interface between the original system and the 3D module, and standardized the process of data transfer to realize the best performance of cloth techniques.
Based on the 3D virtual model, with alterative proper quantity of space considered, 3D garment key points could be obtained by taking advantage of experience in the 3D object reconstruction based on 2D projection. Then, combined the garment structure designing technique, we used a method of virtual stitching based on draping knowledge. By setting anchor points and lines on the virtual model, and introducing the new concept of the conversion of garment pieces' attributes and the middleware—"clothes rack", the method implements pieces mapping from 2D to 3D and completes the process of virtual stitching. Finally the lighting and material were also considered to realize actual effect of 3D cloth whose shape could be modified through several ways.Under the concrete engineering background, it is a new method that puts 3D technology into fashion design to realize garment conversion from 2D pattern to 3D pattern. In some way, it has the theoretical and application value and can provide instruction to the development of Fashion CAD to some extent.
本文基于服装款式平面图的三维款式效果显示研究是上海市教委的重点学科建设项目“服装设计与信息数字化研究”建设内容的子项目“基于风格的智能服装款式结构设计系统”的一个关键模块。该系统主要面向非服装设计专业的用户或设计爱好者,使他们在友好的人机交互中,实现对某一风格款式系列的智能化设计,从而替代了传统的设计师手工创作过程。为了更直观的让用户能够看到服装款式的效果,应用三维CAD技术势在必行。并且秉承服装款式智能设计系统的设计思想,使得用户从二维到三维,随时都可以看见自己设计的款式的显示效果,使得款式设计操作简便实用。
本文工作主要包括以下内容:
了解国内外服装三维CAD技术研究的现状和发展趋势,结合智能服装款式结构设计系统的特点,提出和分析了开发基于服装款式平面图的三维款式效果显示模块的必要性和可行性。
So far the Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology has been widely used in all kinds of industries, which offers great help to the design process of the products and also greatly reduces the cost of design. The CAD technology in textile and garment field becomes more and more mature day by day and already turned to be commercial in the world, such as CAD for fabric structure, 2D design for Garment and so on. But most of CAD systems still stay focusing on the 2D technical area. As a tridimensional object, cloth design demands more researches on the 3D garment CAD, virtual design and digital tailor. This is a very important subject that gets a lot of attention and all-sided researches have been launched all over the world.The study on 3D fashion simulation of garment based on 2D pattern, is an important part of the "Intelligent Style-based Garment Fashion Structure Design System" which is the sub-project of the national key project "Fashion Design and Digital Information Research". The system is designed for non-professionals or amateur designers to finish the design work through simple human-computer operation, which was traditionally handmade by professional designers. To make the process of fashion design more convenient, this thesis introduced application of 3D technology in the Intelligent Fashion Design system to realize 3D garment simulation which was based on 2D pattern and 3D data points of standard model, offering great help to fashion designers.All in all, the main work of the thesis contains as follows.
We have summarized the development and status of 3D garment CAD both inside and outside. While analyzing the characteristics, we know it is necessary and feasible to develop 3D cloth simulation module of the System.According to the attributes of fashion design, a certain piece of garment can be divided into four parts that include collar, piece of body, sleeve, pants or skirt. The process of style design can be simplified as the combination of fashion parts. B3 spline and reversed B3 spline is adopted to construct the outer figure of fashion parts. Meanwhile, mathematical descriptions of the graphical parts are brought forward, the key points and key lines which make up of the garment parts are defined to support the fitting-up of fashion parts and the regulation for parts uniting are established. All these have prepared a good foundation for the later design. This thesis introduced a way to get 3D garment key points that is based on 2D pattern and 3D data points of standard model. With proper quantity of space considered, 3D garment key points could be obtained to provide the foundation for cloth simulation.Based on the measured data of 3D standard model, we constructed a controllable virtual model using the theory of spline interpolation. We put forward an improved surface modeling method and successfully apply it to make 3D garment models. It also realizes a parameterized body model. Certain relations, which make the model easy to control to meet the different demands, are established between the 3D model and the body parameter.We analyzed the core technology and the data organization of the Intelligent Style-based Garment Fashion Structure Design System, designed the interface between the original system and the 3D module, and standardized the process of data transfer to realize the best performance of cloth techniques.
Based on the 3D virtual model, with alterative proper quantity of space considered, 3D garment key points could be obtained by taking advantage of experience in the 3D object reconstruction based on 2D projection. Then, combined the garment structure designing technique, we used a method of virtual stitching based on draping knowledge. By setting anchor points and lines on the virtual model, and introducing the new concept of the conversion of garment pieces' attributes and the middleware—"clothes rack", the method implements pieces mapping from 2D to 3D and completes the process of virtual stitching. Finally the lighting and material were also considered to realize actual effect of 3D cloth whose shape could be modified through several ways.Under the concrete engineering background, it is a new method that puts 3D technology into fashion design to realize garment conversion from 2D pattern to 3D pattern. In some way, it has the theoretical and application value and can provide instruction to the development of Fashion CAD to some extent.
引文
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[6] Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Hyewon Seo, Frederic Cordier. Automatic Modeling of Virtual Humans and Body clothing. MIRALab University of Geneva http://www.miralab.unige.ch[7]朱李丽等三维服装CAD中人体建模综述武汉科技学院学报第17卷第1期
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[2] 徐继红三维服装cad技术现状综述 扬州职业大学学报 第6卷第1期2002-3
[3] 赵锘平等 服装CAD技术发展与展望 天津纺织工学院学报第19卷第5期
[4] 钱惠琳,吴嘉云,张鸿志 服装虚拟设计的现状与发展天津工业大学学报 第21卷第5期
[5] 周旭东,李艳梅 人体三维测量技术分析上海纺织科技2002年12月第30卷第6期
[6] Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann, Hyewon Seo, Frederic Cordier. Automatic Modeling of Virtual Humans and Body clothing. MIRALab University of Geneva http://www.miralab.unige.ch[7]朱李丽等三维服装CAD中人体建模综述武汉科技学院学报第17卷第1期
[8] 张昭华,徐军三维人体建模方法研究 陕西纺织2004·1
[9] 胡敏等三维人体建模综述焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),第20卷,第3期,2001年5月
[10] Pascal Volino, Nadia Magnenat Thalmann. Developing Simulation Techniques for an Interactive Clothing System. http://www.miralab.unige.ch.2000.08.05.
[11] Frederic Cordier, Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann. Real-time Animation of Dressed Virtual Humans MIRALab, University of Geneva, Switzerland EUROGRAPHICS 2002 Volume 21 (2002), 3
[12] Hinds BK, McCartney J. Interactive garment design. Visual Computer, 1990, 6(6): 53-61.
[13] McCartney J, Hinds BK, Scow BL, Gong D. Dedicated 3D CAD for garment modeling. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2000, 107(11 ): 31～36.
[14] Terzopoulos D, Platt J, Barr A, Fleischer K. Elastically deformable models. Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH'87), 1987, 21 (4): 205～214.
[15] Yang Ying, Thalmann NM, Thalmann D. Three-Dimensional garment design and animation, a new design tool for the garmentindustry. Computers in Industry, 1992, 19(3): 185～191.
[16] Okabe H, Imaoka H, Tomiha T, Niwaya H. Three dimensional apparel CAD system. Computer Graphics, 1992, 26(2): 105～110:
[17] Celniker G, Gossard D, Deformable curve and surface finite-elements for freeform shape design. Computer Graphics(SIGGRAPH'91), 1991, 25(4): 257～266.
[18] Eischen JW, Deng S, Clapp TG. Finite-Element modeling and control of flexible fabric parts. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 1996, 16(5): 71～80.
[19] Provot X. Deformation constraints in a mass-spring model to describe rigid cloth behavior. Canadian Human-Computer Communications Society, 1995. 147～154.
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