基于特征点的个性化服装CAD系统研究
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摘要
个性化服装CAD是服装CAD发展的新方向。本课题在分析个性化二维服装CAD和三维服装CAD技术国内外最新动向和发展趋势的基础上，提出个性化服装CAD理想系统的模型应该是融合二维和三维技术的综合体系，并向集成化、立体化、智能化和网络化的方向发展。
本课题在探讨二维纸样设计技术和三维服装CAD造型技术的算法研究，并在两者结合的基础上开发出相对完整的个性化服装CAD系统。
在此个性化服装CAD系统上我们首先引入三维人体模型，并将人体模型参数化，采用特征点和特征尺寸的对应关系，生成人体二维曲面，系统以这样的人体造型为基础，通过给定人体的特征尺寸以及服装款式，按照纸样放松量与服装空隙度的关系以及人体着装内空间的特点，计算出人体与服装间的偏离值，从而获得准确的服装特征点，以此拟合生成服装曲面，实现最佳服装造型。系统获得了符合个性化需求的服装造型之后，自动生成可直接用于服装制作的二维衣片纸样。本系统以人体的特征尺寸为纸样图样控制参数，按照纸样图形各特征点的计算公式进行参数化绘图，根据三维参数化人体变化后改变的特征尺寸自动换算直接得到相应改变的二维纸样。
本课题建立包括导入三维人体模型特征化并生成二维人体图纸和二维个性化衣片纸样的相对完整的个性化服装系统，并对三维个性化服装的生成算法做了一定的研究和探讨。个性化服装系统是现在服装设计CAD的发展趋势，因此，课题的开发具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
It is becoming nowadays both industrial trends and academic research topics to develop personalized garment design system to the clothing industry. Based upon in-depth analysis of existing 2D and 3D CAD solutions for personalized garment design system, this thesis proposes innovative approaches by implementing and integrating both 2D and 3D modeling technologies along with application-specific algorithms into a unified system environmental, with potentials for future improvements in the areas of design tool integrations, 3D applications, support of artificial intelligence/expert systems, as well as internet-enabling readiness.
This issue made a research on the subject in the 2D pattern design and 3D garment CAD modeling algorithm, and developed the individual garment CAD system on the basis of relative integrity combination of both.
In this personalized garment CAD system, we first import 3D model of the human body and human model parameterization, a feature point and the size of the correspondence between the 2D human body surface, such a system based on the human form, given by the human dimension and clothing styles, and we achieve the best model. System was consistent with the individual demands of the garment modeling. Automatic generation can be directly used in the production of clothing 2D panels pattern. Of the system to the human dimension of the pattern design parameters, According to the graphic pattern characteristic point formula for the calculation of parameters of the mapping, 3D parametric changes in the human body after the change of feature size automatic conversion directly from the corresponding change in the 2D pattern.
The topics include the establishment of the human body into 3D model of the characteristics of the human body and generate 2D and 2D drawings personalized panels depict the relative complete personalized clothing, as well as study on 3D personality of the clothing Algorithm. Personalized system is now garment design CAD development trend. Therefore this issue will lay theoretical and applied value for automatic garment design.
本课题在探讨二维纸样设计技术和三维服装CAD造型技术的算法研究，并在两者结合的基础上开发出相对完整的个性化服装CAD系统。
在此个性化服装CAD系统上我们首先引入三维人体模型，并将人体模型参数化，采用特征点和特征尺寸的对应关系，生成人体二维曲面，系统以这样的人体造型为基础，通过给定人体的特征尺寸以及服装款式，按照纸样放松量与服装空隙度的关系以及人体着装内空间的特点，计算出人体与服装间的偏离值，从而获得准确的服装特征点，以此拟合生成服装曲面，实现最佳服装造型。系统获得了符合个性化需求的服装造型之后，自动生成可直接用于服装制作的二维衣片纸样。本系统以人体的特征尺寸为纸样图样控制参数，按照纸样图形各特征点的计算公式进行参数化绘图，根据三维参数化人体变化后改变的特征尺寸自动换算直接得到相应改变的二维纸样。
本课题建立包括导入三维人体模型特征化并生成二维人体图纸和二维个性化衣片纸样的相对完整的个性化服装系统，并对三维个性化服装的生成算法做了一定的研究和探讨。个性化服装系统是现在服装设计CAD的发展趋势，因此，课题的开发具有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。
It is becoming nowadays both industrial trends and academic research topics to develop personalized garment design system to the clothing industry. Based upon in-depth analysis of existing 2D and 3D CAD solutions for personalized garment design system, this thesis proposes innovative approaches by implementing and integrating both 2D and 3D modeling technologies along with application-specific algorithms into a unified system environmental, with potentials for future improvements in the areas of design tool integrations, 3D applications, support of artificial intelligence/expert systems, as well as internet-enabling readiness.
This issue made a research on the subject in the 2D pattern design and 3D garment CAD modeling algorithm, and developed the individual garment CAD system on the basis of relative integrity combination of both.
In this personalized garment CAD system, we first import 3D model of the human body and human model parameterization, a feature point and the size of the correspondence between the 2D human body surface, such a system based on the human form, given by the human dimension and clothing styles, and we achieve the best model. System was consistent with the individual demands of the garment modeling. Automatic generation can be directly used in the production of clothing 2D panels pattern. Of the system to the human dimension of the pattern design parameters, According to the graphic pattern characteristic point formula for the calculation of parameters of the mapping, 3D parametric changes in the human body after the change of feature size automatic conversion directly from the corresponding change in the 2D pattern.
The topics include the establishment of the human body into 3D model of the characteristics of the human body and generate 2D and 2D drawings personalized panels depict the relative complete personalized clothing, as well as study on 3D personality of the clothing Algorithm. Personalized system is now garment design CAD development trend. Therefore this issue will lay theoretical and applied value for automatic garment design.
引文
[1] Fan J, Wang QF, Chen SF, Yuen MMF, Chan CC. A spring-mass model-based approach for warping cloth patterns on 3D objects. J Visual Compute Animate 1998; 9(4): 215-27.
[2] Wang CCL, Chang TKK, Yuen MME From laser-scanned data to feature human model: a system based on fuzzy logic concept. Comput-AidDes2002;inpress.
[3] Chang TKK, Wang CCL, Yuen MME Web-based design and manufacturing of custom mannequin model. ICED01—The13th International Conference on Engineering Design, SECC, Glasgow, UK; August, 2001.
[4] Wang CCL, Wang Y, Chang TKK, Yuen MMF. Virtual human modeling from photographs for garment in dustry. Comput-Aid Des2002; inpress.
[5] Wang CCL, Smith SSF, Yuen MMF. Surface flattening based on energy model. Comput-Aid Des2002; 36(11): 823-33.
[6] Jing F, Joneja A, Tang K. Modeling wrinkles on smooth surfaces for foot wear design. CAD'04 conference, Pattaya Beach, Thailand, May 24-282004.
[7] Wang CCL, Wang Y, Yuen MME Feature-based 3D non-manifold freeform object construction. Eng Comput 2003; 19(2-3): 174-90.
[8] Ravi Kumar GVV, Srinivasan P, Devaraja Holla V, Shastry KG, Prakash BG. Geodesic curve computations on surfaces. Comput Aided Geom Des 2003; 20(2): 119-33.
[9] Aono M, Breen DE, Wozny MJ. Fitting a woven-cloth model to a curved surface: mapping algorithms. Comput Aided Des 1994; 26(4): 278-92.
[10] Aono M, Denti P, Breen DE, Wozny MJ. Fitting a woven cloth model to a curved surface: dartinsertion. IEEE Comput Graph App 11996; 16(5): 60-70.
[11] Aono M, Breen DE, Wozny MJ. Modeling methods for the design of 3D broad cloth composite parts. Comput Aided Des 2001; 33(13): 989-1007.
[12] Wang CCL, Chen SF, Fan J, Yuen MMF. Two-dimensional trimmed Surface development using a physics-based model. ASME DETC, 25th Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, September, 1999.
[13] Alexander Egyed, Compositional and Relational Reasoning during Class Abstraction P. Stevens et al. (Eds.): UML 2003, LNCS 2863, pp. 121-137, 2003.
[14] Schroeder WJ, Zarge JA, Lorensen WE. Decimation of triangle meshes. ComputGraph 1992; 26(2): 65-70.
[15] Charlie C. L. Wang, Yu Wang, Matthew M. F. Yuen. Feature based 3D garment design through 2D sketches. Computer-Aided Design 35 (2002) 659-672.
[16]Garland M, Heckbert PS. Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. SIGGRAPH97ConferenceProceedings; 1997.p.209-16.
[17]WuJ-H, HuS-M, TaiC-L, SunJ-G An effective feature-preserving mesh simplification scheme based on face constriction. Proceedings Ninth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, Pacific Graphics 2001, Tokyo, Japan, 16-18October, 2001, IEEE Computer Society;2001.p. 12-21.
[18]Taubin G. A signal processing approach to fairing surface design. SIGGRAPH 95 Conference Proceedings, NewYork, USA:ACM;1995.p.351-8.
[19]Kobbelt L, Campagna S, Vorsatz J, Seidel HP. Interactive multi-resolution modeling on arbitrary meshes.SIGGRAPH 98 Conference Proceedings, NewYork, USA:ACM; 1998.p. 105-14.
[20]Desbrun M, Meyer M, Schroder P, Barr AH. Implicit fairing of irregular meshesusing diffusion and curvature flow. SIGGRAPH 99 Proceeding, NewYork, USA:ACM;1999.p.409-16.
[21]Schneider R, Kobbelt L. Generating fair meshes with G1 boundary conditions. Geometric Modeling and Processing Conference Proceed-ings;2000. [22]Schneider R, Kobbelt L. Geometric fairing of irregular meshes for free-form surface design. Comput Aid Geomet Des 2001;18(4):359-79.
[23]Zeleznik RC, Herndon KP, Hughes JF. SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes. SIGGRAPH 96 Proceeding, New York, USA: ACM;1996.p.l63-70. [24]Igarashi T, Matsuoka S, Tanaka H. Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design. SIGGRAPH 99 Proceeding, NewYork,USA:ACM;1999.p.409-16. [25]Bloomenthal J, Wyvill B. Interactive techniques for implicit modeling. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics;1990.p.l09-16.
[26]Markosian L, Cohen JM, Crulli T, Hughes J. Skin: a constructive approach to modeling free-form shapes. SIGGRAPH 99 Conference Proceedings, NewYork, USA:ACM;1999.p.393-400.
[27]Suzuki H, Sakurai Y, Kanai T, Kimura F. Interactive mesh dragging with an adaptive remeshing technique. VisualComput2000; 16(3-4): 159-76. [28]Zorin D, Schroder P, Sweldens W. Interactive multiresolution mesh editing. SIGGRAPH 97 Proceeding, NewYork, USA:ACM;1997.
[29]Khodakovsky A, Schroder P. Fine level feature editing for subdivision surfaces. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications; 1999.p.203-11. [30]Levin A. Combined subdivision schemes for the design of surfaces satisfying boundary conditions.ComputAidGeometDesl999; 16(5):345-54.
[31]Levin A. Interpolating nets of curves by smooth subdivision surfaces. SIGGRAPH 99 Proceeding, New York, USA:ACM;1999.p.57-64.
[32]Kobbelt L. Discrete fairing and variational subdivision for freeform surface design.VisualComput2000;16(3/4):142-58.
[33]Vassilev T, Spanlang B, Chrysanthou Y. Fast cloth animation on walking avatars. Eurographics 2001 Proceeding; September 2001.
[34]Zorin D, Schroder P, Sweldens W. Interpolating subdivision for meshes with arbitrary topology. SIGGRAPH 96 Proceeding, New York,USA:ACM;1996.p.189-92.
[35]Hoppe H, DeRose T, Duchamp T, McDonald J, Stuetzle W. Mesh optimization. SIGGRAPH 93 Proceeding, NewYork, USA: ACM; 1993.p. 19-26.
[36]Varady T, Martin RR, Cox J. Reverse engineering of geometry models—anintroduction. Comput Aid Desl997;29(4):255-68.
[37]Wang CCL. Surface free-form deformation and physics-based surface development. M Phil Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 1999.
[38]PieglL,TillerW.TheNURBSbook,2nded.Berlin,HongKong: Springer; 1997.
[2] Wang CCL, Chang TKK, Yuen MME From laser-scanned data to feature human model: a system based on fuzzy logic concept. Comput-AidDes2002;inpress.
[3] Chang TKK, Wang CCL, Yuen MME Web-based design and manufacturing of custom mannequin model. ICED01—The13th International Conference on Engineering Design, SECC, Glasgow, UK; August, 2001.
[4] Wang CCL, Wang Y, Chang TKK, Yuen MMF. Virtual human modeling from photographs for garment in dustry. Comput-Aid Des2002; inpress.
[5] Wang CCL, Smith SSF, Yuen MMF. Surface flattening based on energy model. Comput-Aid Des2002; 36(11): 823-33.
[6] Jing F, Joneja A, Tang K. Modeling wrinkles on smooth surfaces for foot wear design. CAD'04 conference, Pattaya Beach, Thailand, May 24-282004.
[7] Wang CCL, Wang Y, Yuen MME Feature-based 3D non-manifold freeform object construction. Eng Comput 2003; 19(2-3): 174-90.
[8] Ravi Kumar GVV, Srinivasan P, Devaraja Holla V, Shastry KG, Prakash BG. Geodesic curve computations on surfaces. Comput Aided Geom Des 2003; 20(2): 119-33.
[9] Aono M, Breen DE, Wozny MJ. Fitting a woven-cloth model to a curved surface: mapping algorithms. Comput Aided Des 1994; 26(4): 278-92.
[10] Aono M, Denti P, Breen DE, Wozny MJ. Fitting a woven cloth model to a curved surface: dartinsertion. IEEE Comput Graph App 11996; 16(5): 60-70.
[11] Aono M, Breen DE, Wozny MJ. Modeling methods for the design of 3D broad cloth composite parts. Comput Aided Des 2001; 33(13): 989-1007.
[12] Wang CCL, Chen SF, Fan J, Yuen MMF. Two-dimensional trimmed Surface development using a physics-based model. ASME DETC, 25th Design Automation Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, September, 1999.
[13] Alexander Egyed, Compositional and Relational Reasoning during Class Abstraction P. Stevens et al. (Eds.): UML 2003, LNCS 2863, pp. 121-137, 2003.
[14] Schroeder WJ, Zarge JA, Lorensen WE. Decimation of triangle meshes. ComputGraph 1992; 26(2): 65-70.
[15] Charlie C. L. Wang, Yu Wang, Matthew M. F. Yuen. Feature based 3D garment design through 2D sketches. Computer-Aided Design 35 (2002) 659-672.
[16]Garland M, Heckbert PS. Surface simplification using quadric error metrics. SIGGRAPH97ConferenceProceedings; 1997.p.209-16.
[17]WuJ-H, HuS-M, TaiC-L, SunJ-G An effective feature-preserving mesh simplification scheme based on face constriction. Proceedings Ninth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, Pacific Graphics 2001, Tokyo, Japan, 16-18October, 2001, IEEE Computer Society;2001.p. 12-21.
[18]Taubin G. A signal processing approach to fairing surface design. SIGGRAPH 95 Conference Proceedings, NewYork, USA:ACM;1995.p.351-8.
[19]Kobbelt L, Campagna S, Vorsatz J, Seidel HP. Interactive multi-resolution modeling on arbitrary meshes.SIGGRAPH 98 Conference Proceedings, NewYork, USA:ACM; 1998.p. 105-14.
[20]Desbrun M, Meyer M, Schroder P, Barr AH. Implicit fairing of irregular meshesusing diffusion and curvature flow. SIGGRAPH 99 Proceeding, NewYork, USA:ACM;1999.p.409-16.
[21]Schneider R, Kobbelt L. Generating fair meshes with G1 boundary conditions. Geometric Modeling and Processing Conference Proceed-ings;2000. [22]Schneider R, Kobbelt L. Geometric fairing of irregular meshes for free-form surface design. Comput Aid Geomet Des 2001;18(4):359-79.
[23]Zeleznik RC, Herndon KP, Hughes JF. SKETCH: an interface for sketching 3D scenes. SIGGRAPH 96 Proceeding, New York, USA: ACM;1996.p.l63-70. [24]Igarashi T, Matsuoka S, Tanaka H. Teddy: a sketching interface for 3D freeform design. SIGGRAPH 99 Proceeding, NewYork,USA:ACM;1999.p.409-16. [25]Bloomenthal J, Wyvill B. Interactive techniques for implicit modeling. Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics;1990.p.l09-16.
[26]Markosian L, Cohen JM, Crulli T, Hughes J. Skin: a constructive approach to modeling free-form shapes. SIGGRAPH 99 Conference Proceedings, NewYork, USA:ACM;1999.p.393-400.
[27]Suzuki H, Sakurai Y, Kanai T, Kimura F. Interactive mesh dragging with an adaptive remeshing technique. VisualComput2000; 16(3-4): 159-76. [28]Zorin D, Schroder P, Sweldens W. Interactive multiresolution mesh editing. SIGGRAPH 97 Proceeding, NewYork, USA:ACM;1997.
[29]Khodakovsky A, Schroder P. Fine level feature editing for subdivision surfaces. Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications; 1999.p.203-11. [30]Levin A. Combined subdivision schemes for the design of surfaces satisfying boundary conditions.ComputAidGeometDesl999; 16(5):345-54.
[31]Levin A. Interpolating nets of curves by smooth subdivision surfaces. SIGGRAPH 99 Proceeding, New York, USA:ACM;1999.p.57-64.
[32]Kobbelt L. Discrete fairing and variational subdivision for freeform surface design.VisualComput2000;16(3/4):142-58.
[33]Vassilev T, Spanlang B, Chrysanthou Y. Fast cloth animation on walking avatars. Eurographics 2001 Proceeding; September 2001.
[34]Zorin D, Schroder P, Sweldens W. Interpolating subdivision for meshes with arbitrary topology. SIGGRAPH 96 Proceeding, New York,USA:ACM;1996.p.189-92.
[35]Hoppe H, DeRose T, Duchamp T, McDonald J, Stuetzle W. Mesh optimization. SIGGRAPH 93 Proceeding, NewYork, USA: ACM; 1993.p. 19-26.
[36]Varady T, Martin RR, Cox J. Reverse engineering of geometry models—anintroduction. Comput Aid Desl997;29(4):255-68.
[37]Wang CCL. Surface free-form deformation and physics-based surface development. M Phil Thesis, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; 1999.
[38]PieglL,TillerW.TheNURBSbook,2nded.Berlin,HongKong: Springer; 1997.