基于纹理映射的三维服装款式着装效果研究
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摘要
真实感服装款式效果设计系统是当今服装CAD研究的重要内容之一。它综合利用了数学、计算机科学和其他学科知识。近几年来，随着高分辨率彩色图形设备的普及，真实感效果设计技术在各个领域中得到了推广，日益受到人们的重视，且发展速度极快。例如在计算机动画片制作、城市规划、分子结构的研究、影视广告、医学、气象学、地质学、考古学等领域都有广泛的应用。这是因为在计算机辅助设计中，设计师总希望看到自己初步设计究竟是什么样子，希望有一幅足够逼真的图像。过去往往用人工绘制或制作实物模型来检验设计效果，而且随着方案的修改，要反复绘图或反复制作模型，要耗费大量人力和物力。而采用计算机图形显示技术，就可很方便地在屏幕上显示产品具有真实感地图像，而且可以从各种不同角度去观察产品外形。如发现不合适的地方，可在屏幕上直接对产品外形进行交互式修改。这种技术大大节约了人力和物力，并使设计周期缩短，质量提高。
本文基于纹理映射的三维服装款式着装效果研究是上海市教委的重点学科建设项目“服装设计与信息数字化研究”建设内容的子项目“基于风格的智能服装款式结构设计系统”的后续研究。本文秉承服装款式智能设计系统的设计思想，在其基础上研究设计了三维服装款式的显示模块，为此，生成了三维可控人台，并根据服装款式智能设计系统的二维服装款式平面图生成了对应的三维服装款式，还进一步研究了三维服装款式的纹理映射算法和实现，使得用户从二维到三维，随时都可以看见自己设计款式的显示效果，使得款式设计操作简便实用。
本文的研究工作主要包括以下内容：
分析国内外服装三维CAD的研究现状，结合我国国内使用服装三维CAD的国情，提出了开发具有我国自主知识产权的三维服装款式效果显示模块的必要性。根据现有的服装款式智能设计系统设计服装款式的特点，提出了进行三维服装款式着装效果研究的技术路线，并简单介绍了本文开发的软硬件环境，便于读者更好地理解全文。
选取了一个与服装款式设计智能系统中的二维人台相近的标准人台，结合前人测量这个标准人台所得的少量的实际三维数据点，对数据进行分层细化处理，并在MATLAB中采用三次样条插值的方法来增加一定量的人台三维数据，这样保证了在OpenGL中用Bezier曲面绘制人台曲面的光滑度。由于所生成的三维人台上的所有数据都可以较为方便地获得，所以本文的三维人台是参数化可控的。
在三维人台的基础上，本文应用变空隙量模型构建了三维虚拟衣壳，并将服装款式智能设计系统中的二维服装款式平面图作为三维服装款式的正投影图，利用三次B样条求交的方法，确定、拟合了三维服装款式的轮廓，获取了三维服装款式的曲面造型点；尤其是对衣领、袖口、下摆这三个关键部分的数据，在MATLAB中进行了相应的、适当的计算和处理，为正确绘制三维服装款式打下了坚实的基础。
在获得三维服装款式造型点之后，依据小曲面片拼接的思想，构建了三维服装款式曲面的绘制模型，在OpenGL里利用求值程序实现了Bezier曲面绘制的三维服装款式曲面，三维服装款式显示基本完成。
为了更好地完善三维服装款式的显示效果，本文详细研究了计算机图形学里的纹理映射技术应用于三维服装款式的显示，并对光照、材质等做出了分析，给出了几个实现纹理映射后的三维服装款式的显示效果图。事实证明，纹理映射技术应用于服装款式增强了服装的立体感和艺术感。
总结了整个基于纹理映射的三维款式效果显示研究的实现途径，分析了不足之处，并在国内外现有的研究方向上，对今后的深入研究工作提出了设想和展望，为进一步完善和发展智能款式设计系统的三维模块提供了很有价值的参考。
本文在三维可控人台的构建、三维服装款式曲面造型点的提取、三维服装款式纹理映射等领域具有较重要的理论意义，提出的技术、方法在纺织、服装三维化方面有较大的参考价值。
Third dimensional garment design system is one of significant field of garment CAD study with utilizing the mathematics, computer science and other discipline comprehensively. In the last few years, along with popularization of high definition colored graph equipments, the third dimensional design technology has obtained the promotion in each domain, and received people's attention increasingly due to its extremely rapid development. For example, it has been widely applied in cartoon making, city planning, molecular structure research, film & television advertisement, medicine, meteorology, geology, archaeology and so on . This is because during the computer-aided design, the designers always hope to see their preliminary design actually, as well as a lifelike picture. In the past, the consumption on manpower and material resources is huge using artificial protract or manufacture model to examine design effect. Moreover, along with the plan modifying, repeat plot and had repeatedly to draw a chart or repeatedly to manufacture the model to be done. If computer graphical display technology is selected, it is easy todemonstrate the third dimensional picture concerning the product by the screen, even observe its shell from different points of view. If the inappropriate places is occured, the interactive revision could be implemented on the shell directly by the screen. This kind of technology can reduce the manpower and the material resources greatly which shorten the design period and enhance the quality.
Given the study on 3D fashion simulation of garment based on texture mapping is the following research of "the intelligent garment structural design system based on the fashion" which is the sub-project of Shanghai Education Committee's key discipline items of basic construction "the research on garment design and information digitization", this article receives the idea of garment fashion intelligence design system, in turn design demonstration module of three dimensional garment fashion on the base of idea. Therefore, it created the three dimensional controllable model, and created the corresponding three dimensional garment design according to the two-dimensional garment design ichnography based on the garment fashion intelligence design system and make the further study in algorithm and realization on the three dimensional garment design texture mapping which caused the user is allowed to see demonstration made by themselves any time, and make the design operation more easier to practice.
The main ideas of this article included as following:
Analyzed the condition on 3D garment CAD both in domestic and overseas, combined the situation of our country in which using 3D garment CAD, the necessity of developing three dimensional garment design possed our country independent intellectual property rights is proposed. According to the existing characteristics of garment fashion intelligence design, it proposed technical way on three dimensional garment fashion effect research, and give a short brief on the environment of software and hardware both for the reader to understand the full paper well.
Chosen a standard module which is close to the two-dimensional module in garment fashion design intelligence system, combined the practical three dimensional data points gotten by the former through surveying this standard module, in person close standard person, treated the data in different laminations carefully, and used three transects interpolations in MATLAB to add certain amounts of three dimensional data,which ensure the smoothness in OpenGL protracting with Bezier curved surface. Because it is easy to get all data produced on the three dimensional model, the three dimensional model in this article is parameter-controllable.
On the basis of three dimensional model, this article created threedimensional virtual capsid with changeable interspace volume model, regarding two-dimensional garment fashion ichnography as three dimensional garment fashion orthograph drawing. The paper utilized the method of three B transect to confirm and work out contour of three dimensional garment fashion, and achieved the sculpt point of curved surface on three dimensional garment fashion, especially made the certain, suitable account and deal with towards the data of collapsible, sleeve hole, and skirt-width in the MATLAB for the solid foundation for drawing three dimensional garment fashion.
After obtaining three dimensional garment fashion sculpt point, resting on the idea of small curved surface piece connection, it constructs plan model of the three dimensional garment fashion curved surface, and realizes the three dimensional garment fashion curved surface of Bezier curved surface plan using the evaluation procedure in the OpenGL which means the three dimensional garment fashion demonstration is basically completed.
In order to consummate the demonstration of three dimensional garment fashion, this article focus on the texture mapping technology of computer graphics which is applied to the demonstration of three dimensional garment fashion, and makes the analysis to illumination, the material quality and so on, and supply several demonstration drawings after textures mapping. The fact proved that, applying texture mapping technology to the garment fashion strengthens the garment's sense of stereoscopic and artistic.
It summarizes the way to achieve three dimensional fashion demonstration based on the texture mapping, effect demonstration research realization way, analyzes the deficiencies, proposes the imagines and expectations for the further research in the future along with the current direction of in the domestic and overseas, and offers valuable references referring to further improvement & development on the three dimensional module of intelligence fashion design system.
Concerning construct of three dimensional controllable model, the sculpt-point pick-up of three dimensional garment fashion curved surface, the texture mapping of three dimensional garment fashion and so on, this article is the important theory with these regards, whose technology and methods has greater reference value in the aspects of spinning and garment three dimension.
本文基于纹理映射的三维服装款式着装效果研究是上海市教委的重点学科建设项目“服装设计与信息数字化研究”建设内容的子项目“基于风格的智能服装款式结构设计系统”的后续研究。本文秉承服装款式智能设计系统的设计思想，在其基础上研究设计了三维服装款式的显示模块，为此，生成了三维可控人台，并根据服装款式智能设计系统的二维服装款式平面图生成了对应的三维服装款式，还进一步研究了三维服装款式的纹理映射算法和实现，使得用户从二维到三维，随时都可以看见自己设计款式的显示效果，使得款式设计操作简便实用。
本文的研究工作主要包括以下内容：
分析国内外服装三维CAD的研究现状，结合我国国内使用服装三维CAD的国情，提出了开发具有我国自主知识产权的三维服装款式效果显示模块的必要性。根据现有的服装款式智能设计系统设计服装款式的特点，提出了进行三维服装款式着装效果研究的技术路线，并简单介绍了本文开发的软硬件环境，便于读者更好地理解全文。
选取了一个与服装款式设计智能系统中的二维人台相近的标准人台，结合前人测量这个标准人台所得的少量的实际三维数据点，对数据进行分层细化处理，并在MATLAB中采用三次样条插值的方法来增加一定量的人台三维数据，这样保证了在OpenGL中用Bezier曲面绘制人台曲面的光滑度。由于所生成的三维人台上的所有数据都可以较为方便地获得，所以本文的三维人台是参数化可控的。
在三维人台的基础上，本文应用变空隙量模型构建了三维虚拟衣壳，并将服装款式智能设计系统中的二维服装款式平面图作为三维服装款式的正投影图，利用三次B样条求交的方法，确定、拟合了三维服装款式的轮廓，获取了三维服装款式的曲面造型点；尤其是对衣领、袖口、下摆这三个关键部分的数据，在MATLAB中进行了相应的、适当的计算和处理，为正确绘制三维服装款式打下了坚实的基础。
在获得三维服装款式造型点之后，依据小曲面片拼接的思想，构建了三维服装款式曲面的绘制模型，在OpenGL里利用求值程序实现了Bezier曲面绘制的三维服装款式曲面，三维服装款式显示基本完成。
为了更好地完善三维服装款式的显示效果，本文详细研究了计算机图形学里的纹理映射技术应用于三维服装款式的显示，并对光照、材质等做出了分析，给出了几个实现纹理映射后的三维服装款式的显示效果图。事实证明，纹理映射技术应用于服装款式增强了服装的立体感和艺术感。
总结了整个基于纹理映射的三维款式效果显示研究的实现途径，分析了不足之处，并在国内外现有的研究方向上，对今后的深入研究工作提出了设想和展望，为进一步完善和发展智能款式设计系统的三维模块提供了很有价值的参考。
本文在三维可控人台的构建、三维服装款式曲面造型点的提取、三维服装款式纹理映射等领域具有较重要的理论意义，提出的技术、方法在纺织、服装三维化方面有较大的参考价值。
Third dimensional garment design system is one of significant field of garment CAD study with utilizing the mathematics, computer science and other discipline comprehensively. In the last few years, along with popularization of high definition colored graph equipments, the third dimensional design technology has obtained the promotion in each domain, and received people's attention increasingly due to its extremely rapid development. For example, it has been widely applied in cartoon making, city planning, molecular structure research, film & television advertisement, medicine, meteorology, geology, archaeology and so on . This is because during the computer-aided design, the designers always hope to see their preliminary design actually, as well as a lifelike picture. In the past, the consumption on manpower and material resources is huge using artificial protract or manufacture model to examine design effect. Moreover, along with the plan modifying, repeat plot and had repeatedly to draw a chart or repeatedly to manufacture the model to be done. If computer graphical display technology is selected, it is easy todemonstrate the third dimensional picture concerning the product by the screen, even observe its shell from different points of view. If the inappropriate places is occured, the interactive revision could be implemented on the shell directly by the screen. This kind of technology can reduce the manpower and the material resources greatly which shorten the design period and enhance the quality.
Given the study on 3D fashion simulation of garment based on texture mapping is the following research of "the intelligent garment structural design system based on the fashion" which is the sub-project of Shanghai Education Committee's key discipline items of basic construction "the research on garment design and information digitization", this article receives the idea of garment fashion intelligence design system, in turn design demonstration module of three dimensional garment fashion on the base of idea. Therefore, it created the three dimensional controllable model, and created the corresponding three dimensional garment design according to the two-dimensional garment design ichnography based on the garment fashion intelligence design system and make the further study in algorithm and realization on the three dimensional garment design texture mapping which caused the user is allowed to see demonstration made by themselves any time, and make the design operation more easier to practice.
The main ideas of this article included as following:
Analyzed the condition on 3D garment CAD both in domestic and overseas, combined the situation of our country in which using 3D garment CAD, the necessity of developing three dimensional garment design possed our country independent intellectual property rights is proposed. According to the existing characteristics of garment fashion intelligence design, it proposed technical way on three dimensional garment fashion effect research, and give a short brief on the environment of software and hardware both for the reader to understand the full paper well.
Chosen a standard module which is close to the two-dimensional module in garment fashion design intelligence system, combined the practical three dimensional data points gotten by the former through surveying this standard module, in person close standard person, treated the data in different laminations carefully, and used three transects interpolations in MATLAB to add certain amounts of three dimensional data,which ensure the smoothness in OpenGL protracting with Bezier curved surface. Because it is easy to get all data produced on the three dimensional model, the three dimensional model in this article is parameter-controllable.
On the basis of three dimensional model, this article created threedimensional virtual capsid with changeable interspace volume model, regarding two-dimensional garment fashion ichnography as three dimensional garment fashion orthograph drawing. The paper utilized the method of three B transect to confirm and work out contour of three dimensional garment fashion, and achieved the sculpt point of curved surface on three dimensional garment fashion, especially made the certain, suitable account and deal with towards the data of collapsible, sleeve hole, and skirt-width in the MATLAB for the solid foundation for drawing three dimensional garment fashion.
After obtaining three dimensional garment fashion sculpt point, resting on the idea of small curved surface piece connection, it constructs plan model of the three dimensional garment fashion curved surface, and realizes the three dimensional garment fashion curved surface of Bezier curved surface plan using the evaluation procedure in the OpenGL which means the three dimensional garment fashion demonstration is basically completed.
In order to consummate the demonstration of three dimensional garment fashion, this article focus on the texture mapping technology of computer graphics which is applied to the demonstration of three dimensional garment fashion, and makes the analysis to illumination, the material quality and so on, and supply several demonstration drawings after textures mapping. The fact proved that, applying texture mapping technology to the garment fashion strengthens the garment's sense of stereoscopic and artistic.
It summarizes the way to achieve three dimensional fashion demonstration based on the texture mapping, effect demonstration research realization way, analyzes the deficiencies, proposes the imagines and expectations for the further research in the future along with the current direction of in the domestic and overseas, and offers valuable references referring to further improvement & development on the three dimensional module of intelligence fashion design system.
Concerning construct of three dimensional controllable model, the sculpt-point pick-up of three dimensional garment fashion curved surface, the texture mapping of three dimensional garment fashion and so on, this article is the important theory with these regards, whose technology and methods has greater reference value in the aspects of spinning and garment three dimension.
引文
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