铁路斜拉桥气动参数研究及风致响应分析
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摘要
桥梁断面气动参数是表征断面形式与所受风荷载对应关系的重要参数,是进行桥梁结构风致响应分析的基础。准确识别桥梁断面气动参数,研究其影响因素,对桥梁风致响应的精确分析有着重要意义。本文以大跨铁路斜拉桥为工程背景,对桁架主梁断面的气动参数进行了试验研究,并通过理论分析和风洞试验研究相结合的方式,对其进行了风致响应分析。本文的主要研究内容有：
(1)介绍了桥梁结构所受风荷载类型,总结了风洞试验室中节段模型所受静风力和抖振力的实用测量方法。
(2)利用主梁刚性节段模型,在均匀流条件下,采用三分力天平测试了主梁在不同风攻角时的静力三分力系数,研究了列车布置形式对其的影响。
(3)利用主梁刚性轻质节段模型,采用尖塔干扰来流以产生紊流场,采用动态天平测力技术,采用自功率谱法识别了主梁的气动导纳函数,研究分析了风速、攻角、列车布置形式等因素对其的影响,通过数值拟合给出了可用于实际抖振荷载计算的气动导纳函数表达式。
(4)建立了全桥的有限元模型,应用测得的静力三分力系数对斜拉桥进行静力分析；应用识别的气动导纳函数,采用频域分析方法,对斜拉桥进行抖振响应分析。将计算得出的结果与全桥气动弹性模型试验进行了对比,从而证明了本文气动参数识别方法的准确性及适用性。
The aerodynamic parameter of a girder is an important parameter, standing for the corresponding relation between bridge deck style and wind load, which is the basement of wind-induced response analysis for bridge. It is of great importance to identify the aerodynamic parameter of bridge deck and study on the influencing factors. The aerodynamic parameters of a steel truss girder used in a long-span cable-stayed bridge were measured in wind tunnel. By means of wind tunnel test and theoretical analysis, the dynamic response of the cable-stayed bridge has been analyzed. Following five aspects are included in this thesis:
(1) The type of wind loads on bridges was introduced. The measure methods of static wind loads and buffet forces on sectional models of bridges were introduced.
(2) The three-component force coefficients of the girder were measured through three-component balance in the uniform flow fields of wind tunnel. In the course of the tests, the influence of train was also considered.
(3) The aerodynamic admittance of the girder were identified based on self-spectrum method through high-frequency-force-balance in the nonuniform flow fields of wind tunnel. The influences of wind speed, attack angle and layout of train on aerodynamic admittance of the girder were studied. By numerical simulation, the formulas of aerodynamic admittance functions of truss section, which could be used in calculating three-components of aerodynamic load, were proposed respectively.
(4) The aerostatic response and buffeting response of the cable-stayed bridge based on the testing aerodynamic parameters were analyzed. Comparing the calculated results with the results measured by the full aeroelastic bridge model wind tunnel test, the validity of the testing method for aerodynamic parameter was proved.
(1)介绍了桥梁结构所受风荷载类型,总结了风洞试验室中节段模型所受静风力和抖振力的实用测量方法。
(2)利用主梁刚性节段模型,在均匀流条件下,采用三分力天平测试了主梁在不同风攻角时的静力三分力系数,研究了列车布置形式对其的影响。
(3)利用主梁刚性轻质节段模型,采用尖塔干扰来流以产生紊流场,采用动态天平测力技术,采用自功率谱法识别了主梁的气动导纳函数,研究分析了风速、攻角、列车布置形式等因素对其的影响,通过数值拟合给出了可用于实际抖振荷载计算的气动导纳函数表达式。
(4)建立了全桥的有限元模型,应用测得的静力三分力系数对斜拉桥进行静力分析；应用识别的气动导纳函数,采用频域分析方法,对斜拉桥进行抖振响应分析。将计算得出的结果与全桥气动弹性模型试验进行了对比,从而证明了本文气动参数识别方法的准确性及适用性。
The aerodynamic parameter of a girder is an important parameter, standing for the corresponding relation between bridge deck style and wind load, which is the basement of wind-induced response analysis for bridge. It is of great importance to identify the aerodynamic parameter of bridge deck and study on the influencing factors. The aerodynamic parameters of a steel truss girder used in a long-span cable-stayed bridge were measured in wind tunnel. By means of wind tunnel test and theoretical analysis, the dynamic response of the cable-stayed bridge has been analyzed. Following five aspects are included in this thesis:
(1) The type of wind loads on bridges was introduced. The measure methods of static wind loads and buffet forces on sectional models of bridges were introduced.
(2) The three-component force coefficients of the girder were measured through three-component balance in the uniform flow fields of wind tunnel. In the course of the tests, the influence of train was also considered.
(3) The aerodynamic admittance of the girder were identified based on self-spectrum method through high-frequency-force-balance in the nonuniform flow fields of wind tunnel. The influences of wind speed, attack angle and layout of train on aerodynamic admittance of the girder were studied. By numerical simulation, the formulas of aerodynamic admittance functions of truss section, which could be used in calculating three-components of aerodynamic load, were proposed respectively.
(4) The aerostatic response and buffeting response of the cable-stayed bridge based on the testing aerodynamic parameters were analyzed. Comparing the calculated results with the results measured by the full aeroelastic bridge model wind tunnel test, the validity of the testing method for aerodynamic parameter was proved.
引文
[1]李国豪.桥梁结构稳定与振动.北京：中国铁道出版社,1992
[2]陈政清.桥梁风工程.北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[3]中交公路规划设计院.公路桥梁抗风设计规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[4]项海帆.现代桥梁抗风理论与实践.北京：人民交通出版社.2005
[5]Sears W.R. Some aspects of non-stationary airfoil theory and its practical application. J. Aeronautical Science.1941
[6]Scanlan R H, Tomko J. Airfoil and bridge deck flutter derivatives. Mech., ASCE,1971,97(6):1717-1737
[7]Davenport A.G. The application of statistical concepts to the wind loading of structures. Proc. ICE, 1961,19(2):449-472
[8]Davenport A.G. The response of slender line-like structures to a gusty wind. Proc. ICE,1962,23(6): 389-408
[9]Davenport A.G. Buffeting of suspension bridge by storm winds. J. Struct. Div., ASCE.1962,88(6): 233-264
[10]Davenport A.G. The dependence of wind load upon meteorological parameters. Proc. Int. Res. Seminar on Wind Effects on Build and Struct. University of Toronto Press, Toronto,1968:19-82
[11]Scanlan R.H., Gade, R.H. Motion of suspended bridge spans under gusty wind. J. Struct. Div., ASCE. 1977,103ST9:1867-1883
[12]Scanlan R.H. The action of flexible bridges under wind Ⅰ:Flutter theory. J. Sound and Vibration. 1978,60(2):187-199
[13]Scanlan R.H. The action of flexible bridges under wind Ⅱ:buffeting theory. J. Sound and Vibration. 1978,60(2):201-211
[14]Scanlan R.H. Interpreting aeroelastic models of cable-stayed bridges. J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE.1987, 113(4):555-575
[15]Scanlan R.H., Jones N.P. Aeroelastic analysis of cable-stayed bridges. J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE.1990, 116(2):279-297
[16]周述华.大跨度悬索桥空间非线性抖振响应仿真分析.博士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,1993
[17]周述华.大跨度桥梁抖振响应的三维非线性分析.计算力学学报.1997
[18]刘春华.大跨度桥梁抖振响应的空间非线性时程分析法.同济大学学报.1996,24(4)：380-385
[19]曹映泓,项海帆,周颖.大跨度桥梁颤振和抖振统一时程分析.土木工程学报.2000,33(5)：57-62
[20]丁泉顺.大跨度桥梁耦合颤抖振响应的精细化分析.博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,2001
[21]Lin Y.K. Motion of suspension bridges in turbulent wind. J. Engineering Mech. Div., ASCE, 1979,100(4)
[22]Lin Y.K., Ariaratnam S.T. Stability of bridge motion in turbulent winds. J. Struct. Mech.1980,8(1) 1-15
[23]Lin Y.K., Yang J.N. Multimode bridge response to wind excitations. J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE.1983, 109(2):586-603
[24]Lin Y.K., Bucher C.G. Effects of wind turbulence on motion stability of long span bridges. J. Wind Engrg. Indust. Aerodyn.1990,36(2)
[25]Lin Y.K., Li Q.C. Stochastic stability of wind excited structures J. Wind Engrg. Indust. Aerodyn. 1995,54-55:75-82
[26]Wagner H. uber die entstehung des dynamischen auftriebes von tragflugeln [J]. Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik,1925,5(17):17-35.
[27]蒋永林.斜拉桥抖振响应分析.博士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,2000
[28]李永乐,廖海黎,强士中.考虑桥塔风效应的斜拉桥时域抖振分析,空气动力学报,Vol.23,No.2,P228-232
[29]李明水.连续大气湍流中大跨度桥梁的抖振响应.博士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,1993
[30]韩大建,谭学民,颜全胜,苏成.香港汀九大桥抖振响应时程分析.华南理工大学学报.1999,27(11)：44-50
[31]Von Karman T, Sears W R.Airfoil theory for non-uniform motion[J].J of Aeronautical Science,1938(5):379-390.
[32]Liepmann H.W. On the application of statistical concepts to the buffeting proplem. J. Aeronautical Science.1952,19(12):793-800
[33]靳欣华.桥梁断面气动导纳识别理论及试验研究.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[34]赵林.风场模式数值模拟与大跨桥梁抖振概率评价.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[35]Larose G L, Mann J.Gust loading on streamlined bridge decks[J] J of Fluid and Structure,1998,12: 511-536.
[36]马存明.流线箱型桥梁断面三维气动导纳研究.博士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2007
[37]诸葛萍.桥梁气动导纳试验研究及斜拉桥抖振响应分析.硕士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2008
[38]张若雪.桥梁断面气动参数识别理论和试验研究.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,1998
[39]马存明,李丽,廖海黎,徐洪涛.特大跨钢桁梁悬索桥主梁气动参数试验研究.四川建筑科学研究.2010,36(2)
[40]高亮.桥梁断面三分力系数试验研究.硕士学位论文,西安：长安大学,2010
[41]陈小锋,徐瑞.大跨度桥梁抖振响应平稳性和各态历经性检验.中外公路.2010,30(3)
[42]Jain A., Jones N.P., Scanlan R.H., Coupled flutter and buffeting analysis of long-span bridges. J. Struct. Eng., ASCE.1996,122(7):716-725
[43]王新敏ANSYS工程结构数值分析.北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[44]龚曙光,谢桂兰ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[45]郭建民,陈政清.大跨度桥梁抖振有限元分析.桥梁建设.1999,1
[46]陈伟.大跨度桥梁抖振反应谱研究.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,1993
[47]胡峰强,陈艾荣.桁架悬索桥全桥气弹模型设计方法研究.公路.2009,4
[48]徐洪涛,苑敏,蒲焕玲,廖海黎.大跨钢桁加劲梁气动弹性模型的设计方法.四川建筑科学研究.2009,35(2)
[49]徐洪涛.山区峡谷风特性参数及大跨度桁梁桥风致振动研究.博士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2009
[50]马存明,廖海黎,李明水,陈勉.基于三维气动导纳的大跨桥梁抖振分析.公路交通科技.2011,28(2)
[51]马如进.基于气动弹性模型的桥梁断面颤振导数识别.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2004
[52]殷峰.桥梁断面气动力和气动导数的表面测压法试验识别.硕士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[53]赵林.风场模式数值模拟与大跨桥梁抖振概率评价.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[2]陈政清.桥梁风工程.北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[3]中交公路规划设计院.公路桥梁抗风设计规范.北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[4]项海帆.现代桥梁抗风理论与实践.北京：人民交通出版社.2005
[5]Sears W.R. Some aspects of non-stationary airfoil theory and its practical application. J. Aeronautical Science.1941
[6]Scanlan R H, Tomko J. Airfoil and bridge deck flutter derivatives. Mech., ASCE,1971,97(6):1717-1737
[7]Davenport A.G. The application of statistical concepts to the wind loading of structures. Proc. ICE, 1961,19(2):449-472
[8]Davenport A.G. The response of slender line-like structures to a gusty wind. Proc. ICE,1962,23(6): 389-408
[9]Davenport A.G. Buffeting of suspension bridge by storm winds. J. Struct. Div., ASCE.1962,88(6): 233-264
[10]Davenport A.G. The dependence of wind load upon meteorological parameters. Proc. Int. Res. Seminar on Wind Effects on Build and Struct. University of Toronto Press, Toronto,1968:19-82
[11]Scanlan R.H., Gade, R.H. Motion of suspended bridge spans under gusty wind. J. Struct. Div., ASCE. 1977,103ST9:1867-1883
[12]Scanlan R.H. The action of flexible bridges under wind Ⅰ:Flutter theory. J. Sound and Vibration. 1978,60(2):187-199
[13]Scanlan R.H. The action of flexible bridges under wind Ⅱ:buffeting theory. J. Sound and Vibration. 1978,60(2):201-211
[14]Scanlan R.H. Interpreting aeroelastic models of cable-stayed bridges. J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE.1987, 113(4):555-575
[15]Scanlan R.H., Jones N.P. Aeroelastic analysis of cable-stayed bridges. J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE.1990, 116(2):279-297
[16]周述华.大跨度悬索桥空间非线性抖振响应仿真分析.博士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,1993
[17]周述华.大跨度桥梁抖振响应的三维非线性分析.计算力学学报.1997
[18]刘春华.大跨度桥梁抖振响应的空间非线性时程分析法.同济大学学报.1996,24(4)：380-385
[19]曹映泓,项海帆,周颖.大跨度桥梁颤振和抖振统一时程分析.土木工程学报.2000,33(5)：57-62
[20]丁泉顺.大跨度桥梁耦合颤抖振响应的精细化分析.博士学位论文.上海：同济大学,2001
[21]Lin Y.K. Motion of suspension bridges in turbulent wind. J. Engineering Mech. Div., ASCE, 1979,100(4)
[22]Lin Y.K., Ariaratnam S.T. Stability of bridge motion in turbulent winds. J. Struct. Mech.1980,8(1) 1-15
[23]Lin Y.K., Yang J.N. Multimode bridge response to wind excitations. J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE.1983, 109(2):586-603
[24]Lin Y.K., Bucher C.G. Effects of wind turbulence on motion stability of long span bridges. J. Wind Engrg. Indust. Aerodyn.1990,36(2)
[25]Lin Y.K., Li Q.C. Stochastic stability of wind excited structures J. Wind Engrg. Indust. Aerodyn. 1995,54-55:75-82
[26]Wagner H. uber die entstehung des dynamischen auftriebes von tragflugeln [J]. Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik,1925,5(17):17-35.
[27]蒋永林.斜拉桥抖振响应分析.博士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,2000
[28]李永乐,廖海黎,强士中.考虑桥塔风效应的斜拉桥时域抖振分析,空气动力学报,Vol.23,No.2,P228-232
[29]李明水.连续大气湍流中大跨度桥梁的抖振响应.博士学位论文.成都：西南交通大学,1993
[30]韩大建,谭学民,颜全胜,苏成.香港汀九大桥抖振响应时程分析.华南理工大学学报.1999,27(11)：44-50
[31]Von Karman T, Sears W R.Airfoil theory for non-uniform motion[J].J of Aeronautical Science,1938(5):379-390.
[32]Liepmann H.W. On the application of statistical concepts to the buffeting proplem. J. Aeronautical Science.1952,19(12):793-800
[33]靳欣华.桥梁断面气动导纳识别理论及试验研究.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[34]赵林.风场模式数值模拟与大跨桥梁抖振概率评价.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[35]Larose G L, Mann J.Gust loading on streamlined bridge decks[J] J of Fluid and Structure,1998,12: 511-536.
[36]马存明.流线箱型桥梁断面三维气动导纳研究.博士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2007
[37]诸葛萍.桥梁气动导纳试验研究及斜拉桥抖振响应分析.硕士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2008
[38]张若雪.桥梁断面气动参数识别理论和试验研究.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,1998
[39]马存明,李丽,廖海黎,徐洪涛.特大跨钢桁梁悬索桥主梁气动参数试验研究.四川建筑科学研究.2010,36(2)
[40]高亮.桥梁断面三分力系数试验研究.硕士学位论文,西安：长安大学,2010
[41]陈小锋,徐瑞.大跨度桥梁抖振响应平稳性和各态历经性检验.中外公路.2010,30(3)
[42]Jain A., Jones N.P., Scanlan R.H., Coupled flutter and buffeting analysis of long-span bridges. J. Struct. Eng., ASCE.1996,122(7):716-725
[43]王新敏ANSYS工程结构数值分析.北京：人民交通出版社,2007
[44]龚曙光,谢桂兰ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程.北京：机械工业出版社,2005
[45]郭建民,陈政清.大跨度桥梁抖振有限元分析.桥梁建设.1999,1
[46]陈伟.大跨度桥梁抖振反应谱研究.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,1993
[47]胡峰强,陈艾荣.桁架悬索桥全桥气弹模型设计方法研究.公路.2009,4
[48]徐洪涛,苑敏,蒲焕玲,廖海黎.大跨钢桁加劲梁气动弹性模型的设计方法.四川建筑科学研究.2009,35(2)
[49]徐洪涛.山区峡谷风特性参数及大跨度桁梁桥风致振动研究.博士学位论文,成都：西南交通大学,2009
[50]马存明,廖海黎,李明水,陈勉.基于三维气动导纳的大跨桥梁抖振分析.公路交通科技.2011,28(2)
[51]马如进.基于气动弹性模型的桥梁断面颤振导数识别.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2004
[52]殷峰.桥梁断面气动力和气动导数的表面测压法试验识别.硕士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003
[53]赵林.风场模式数值模拟与大跨桥梁抖振概率评价.博士学位论文,上海：同济大学,2003