基于数据链的直升机智能火力控制系统研究
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摘要
所谓直升机智能火控系统,就是将人工智能技术与武装直升机火控系统相结合,利用人工智能技术将机载武器火力指挥控制问题进行智能化设计,并以神经网络、模糊控制、遗传算法等为实现基础,以对付现代直升机空战日趋严峻的不确定性和复杂性。本文所设计的基于数据链的直升机智能火力控制系统,主要围绕四个部分内容展开:即直升机导弹三维智能导引律、直升机机间数据链系统、直升机空战决策系统,三维智能导引律下的导弹攻击仿真研究。
首先,参照第三代短波通信技术系统MTL-STD-188-141B,分析了影响数据链通讯效果的因素,然后针对这些因素提出了一种直升机机间数据链的设计方案,并用卡尔曼滤波算法对数据链传输过程中的延迟进行了补偿,最后用大量的数字仿真验证了该算法的有效性。
其次,进行了基于数据链的直升机空战协同决策系统的研究:首先给出了直升机空战态势分析方法;然后在该态势分析方法的基础上,给出了传统的直升机空战威胁判断及编队方法并且用遗传算法来对空战决策进行了优化;接着,研究了基于蚁群算法的火力分配方法;最后,进行了直升机空战机动决策的研究,既分析了传统编队战术机动,又在此基础上提出了一种基于补偿模糊神经网络的直升机机动决策方法。以上的所有方法均进行了大量的数字仿真,仿真结果也证明了以上诸方法的正确性与有效性。
在本文的接下来一章中用各种数据指标来分析了导弹比例导引律的优缺点,然后提出了一种基于遗传退火算法的变论域三维模糊导引律,同时给出了一种用RBF网络计算导弹三维攻击区的方法,并且通过数字仿真对两者性能进行了比较。
最后一部分阐述了在VC++环境中使用Multigen-Paradigm creator和Vega实现三维动画仿真的方法,给出了我方直升机发现目标,判断目标并做出决策后发射导弹攻击目标的空战三维动画方法,并且用三维动画形象地演示了导弹攻击目标的全过程,生动直观地验证了导引律的正确性。
The Intelligent Fire Control System of Helicopters is a system which combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and Helicopter Fire Control. Fuzzy Control, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm(GA) are used in this system. This paper mainly works on air-to-air tactics data link, cooperative decision-making of multi-aircrafts attacking multi-targets, and three-dimension intelligent guidance law for air-to-air missile.
Part I, A scheme of air-to-air tactics data link system is brought forward , and then the delay of the data translation is compensated using Kalman filtering algorithms.
Part II, this part mainly works on the decision-making system of helicopter cooperative air-combat. At first, a method of situation analyzing is devised; Then a means of traditional helicopter air-combat formation is proposed,and we use the GA to optimize the formation; Then we propose a method of weapon distribution using Ant Colony Algorithm. At last, this paper mainly works on the maneuver decision of helicopter air-to-air combat, not only the formation maneuver based on traditional method, but also the respective maneuver in a formation based on compensative Fuzzy-Neural networks. All of above are simulated with MATLAB and C language and proved correct.
Part III, PNG and a self-adapt region fuzzy logic guidance based on Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing are devised. And then a method of launch envelope caculating using RBF networks is imposed, these methods are all simulated with MATLAB.
In the end, the method of using Multigen-Paradigm creator and Vega in Visual C++ environment is discussed. And a 3D animation simulation software is developed to show the process of air-to-air missile attacking target.
首先,参照第三代短波通信技术系统MTL-STD-188-141B,分析了影响数据链通讯效果的因素,然后针对这些因素提出了一种直升机机间数据链的设计方案,并用卡尔曼滤波算法对数据链传输过程中的延迟进行了补偿,最后用大量的数字仿真验证了该算法的有效性。
其次,进行了基于数据链的直升机空战协同决策系统的研究:首先给出了直升机空战态势分析方法;然后在该态势分析方法的基础上,给出了传统的直升机空战威胁判断及编队方法并且用遗传算法来对空战决策进行了优化;接着,研究了基于蚁群算法的火力分配方法;最后,进行了直升机空战机动决策的研究,既分析了传统编队战术机动,又在此基础上提出了一种基于补偿模糊神经网络的直升机机动决策方法。以上的所有方法均进行了大量的数字仿真,仿真结果也证明了以上诸方法的正确性与有效性。
在本文的接下来一章中用各种数据指标来分析了导弹比例导引律的优缺点,然后提出了一种基于遗传退火算法的变论域三维模糊导引律,同时给出了一种用RBF网络计算导弹三维攻击区的方法,并且通过数字仿真对两者性能进行了比较。
最后一部分阐述了在VC++环境中使用Multigen-Paradigm creator和Vega实现三维动画仿真的方法,给出了我方直升机发现目标,判断目标并做出决策后发射导弹攻击目标的空战三维动画方法,并且用三维动画形象地演示了导弹攻击目标的全过程,生动直观地验证了导引律的正确性。
The Intelligent Fire Control System of Helicopters is a system which combines Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and Helicopter Fire Control. Fuzzy Control, Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm(GA) are used in this system. This paper mainly works on air-to-air tactics data link, cooperative decision-making of multi-aircrafts attacking multi-targets, and three-dimension intelligent guidance law for air-to-air missile.
Part I, A scheme of air-to-air tactics data link system is brought forward , and then the delay of the data translation is compensated using Kalman filtering algorithms.
Part II, this part mainly works on the decision-making system of helicopter cooperative air-combat. At first, a method of situation analyzing is devised; Then a means of traditional helicopter air-combat formation is proposed,and we use the GA to optimize the formation; Then we propose a method of weapon distribution using Ant Colony Algorithm. At last, this paper mainly works on the maneuver decision of helicopter air-to-air combat, not only the formation maneuver based on traditional method, but also the respective maneuver in a formation based on compensative Fuzzy-Neural networks. All of above are simulated with MATLAB and C language and proved correct.
Part III, PNG and a self-adapt region fuzzy logic guidance based on Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing are devised. And then a method of launch envelope caculating using RBF networks is imposed, these methods are all simulated with MATLAB.
In the end, the method of using Multigen-Paradigm creator and Vega in Visual C++ environment is discussed. And a 3D animation simulation software is developed to show the process of air-to-air missile attacking target.
引文
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[5] Song S H,Ha I J,A Lyapunov-like approach to performance analysis of 3-dimension pure PNG laws,IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1994,30(1):239~247.
[6] 周锐.,基于进化策略的导弹模糊制导律设计,宇航学报.,2004,25(4):449~452.
[7] Zou Qingyuan,,Jiang Changsheng,Wu Di,Evolution fuzzy guidance law with self-adaptive region,Transaction of Nanjing University of Aconautics & Astronautics,2004,21(3):234~240.
[8] 吴志远, 邵惠鹏, 吴新余,遗传退火进化算法,上海交通大学学报,1997,31(12):69~71.
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[11] 于金华,国外战场数据链发展综述,无线电通信技术,2001,27(5):62~63.
[12] 邱洪云,邓礼全,军事通信数据链路,空间电子技术,2003,2:4~9.
[13] 王宏论,吕庆凤,董胜龙,等,基于模糊逻辑系统的空空导弹攻击区拟合,南京航空 航天大学学报,2000,32(3):305~311.
[14] 卢涛,陈德钊,径向基网络的研究进展与评述,计算机工程与应用,2005 ,41(4):60~62.
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[17] Eric E. Johnson,Third-Generation Technologies HF Radio Networking,IEEE,1998:386~390.
[18] 贾儒鹏,周治中,短波自适应数据传输中的差错控制浅析,通信技术,2000,3:38~42.
[19] 崔玉美,王淑钧,RS 编译码算法及在战术数据链中的应用,应用科技,2004,31(11):42~44.
[20] 杨兆麒,格码调制(TCM)的原理和性能,电信工程技术与标准,1996,4:21~29.
[21] 闻新,周露,李翔,等,MATLAB 神经网络仿真与应用 北京 科学出版社 2003.:285~289.
[22] 陆雅清,基于战术数据链的新一代歼击机协同空战火控系统研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2005.
[23] 崔玉美,胡战虎,战术数据链中纠错编码技术的设计,航空电子技术,2003,34(3): 19~23.
[24] Clark D.A.,Eken F.,HF packet radio link layer protocol design,Sixth International Conference on HF Radio Systems and Techniques,1994:320~324.
[25] 王洲,一种机间数据链的设计方法,电光与控制,2001 年增刊:70~73.
[26] 党建武,黄建国,机动目标自适应高斯模型与跟踪算法,电讯技术,2003,2:109~113.
[27] 李林森,多机协同空战系统的综合智能控制,[博士论文],西安,西北工业大学,2000.
[28] 张科施,王正平,基于遗传模拟退火算法的空战编队优化研究,西北工业大学学报,2003,21(4) :477~480.
[29] 周德云,李锋,蒲小勃,等,基于遗传算法的飞机战术飞行动作决策,西北工业大学学报,2002,20(1):109~112.
[30] 黄家成,谢奇峰,基于遗传算法的协同多目标攻击空战决策方法,火力与指挥控制,2004,29(1):49~52.
[31] 高申玉,多机空战战术机动专家系统与决策支持系统研究,系统工程理论与实践,1999,8:76~79.
[32] 胡朝晖,汪浩生,王效国,空战机动决策信息图研究,火力与指挥控制,2002,27:21~25.
[33] 张安,章敏,张旗,直升机空战分析仿真研究,系统仿真学报,1998,10(2):30~34.
[34] Chil-Min Lin,Yi-Jen Mon,Fuzzy-Logic-Based Guidance Law Design for Missile Systems,Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Control Application,IEEE,1999:22~27.
[35] 丁睿,第四代歼击机多目标攻击的智能火控与智能火/飞/推武器综合控制系统研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2003.
[36] Jae-Hyuk Oh,In-Joong Ha,Performance Analysis of 3-Dimension PPNG Law Against a High Speed Target,Proceedings of 36th conferrence on Decision & Control,1997:3144~3149.
[37] Shahab.Akhari,Mohammad.B.Menhaj,A Fuzzy guidance law for modeling offensive air-to-air combat maneuver,IEEE:3027~3031.
[38] 胡峪,刘静编著,VC++高级编程技巧与示例,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2001:56~89.
[39] 费广正,乔林编著,Visual C++ 6.0 高级编程技术,北京,中国铁道出版社,2000:48~75.
[40] Zhang Boyan,Cai Qingyu,Yuan Zengren,A New Method for Tracking Maneuvering Targets,Modelong,Simulation&Control,C,AMSE Press,1989,18(4):7~14.
[41] 吴庆洪,张纪会,徐心和,具有变异特征的蚁群算法,计算机研究与发展,1999,36(10):1240~1245.
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