视频压缩编码MPEG-4算法研究及实现
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摘要
近年来，MPEG—4已成为视频压缩技术领域中的一个热点，该技术的应用可以提高图像通信系统的质量和容量。本文首先介绍了目前常见的视频压缩协议并进行了对比，阐述了MPEG—4视频压缩标准的特征和新技术。其次，详细说明了MPEG—4视频压缩标准采用的算法，深入研究了运动估计、DCT变换、量化等算法并进行了优化。在理论上对菱形搜索算法进行了改进以在相同质量情况下搜索点数可减少近50％；同时针对硬件资源条件对DCT变换和量化算法进行优化，使算法运行时间减少40％左右，在一定程度上提高系统的性能。然后，在VC环境下用C语言编写程序实现了MPEG—4的视频压缩功能，采用测试序列验证无误。最后，将程序移植到DSP上，在CCS中基于TMS320C6201芯片核对算法进行仿真。
Recently, MPEG - 4 has become a very promising technology for video compression, which could enhance the system's quality and capacity. This thesis begins with the introduction and compare of the video compression standard in common use, as well as the explanation of the new technique in MPEG-4. Secondly, the algorithms used in MPEG-4 video compression standard are explored in detail, and we deeply study the algorithms including motion estimation, DCT transform and quantification. In theory, we improve on the algorithm of diamond search in aim to reduce the count amount in the same quality. Meanwhile taking the hardware resource in account we optimize the algorithms of DCT transform and quantification and gain the better performance of the system. And then, realize the MPEG-4 video compression system by the program of C language in VC environment, and use the standard testing sequence to validate well. Finally, replant the program to the DSP, and simulate the algorithm based on the TMS320C6201' core by CCS .
Recently, MPEG - 4 has become a very promising technology for video compression, which could enhance the system's quality and capacity. This thesis begins with the introduction and compare of the video compression standard in common use, as well as the explanation of the new technique in MPEG-4. Secondly, the algorithms used in MPEG-4 video compression standard are explored in detail, and we deeply study the algorithms including motion estimation, DCT transform and quantification. In theory, we improve on the algorithm of diamond search in aim to reduce the count amount in the same quality. Meanwhile taking the hardware resource in account we optimize the algorithms of DCT transform and quantification and gain the better performance of the system. And then, realize the MPEG-4 video compression system by the program of C language in VC environment, and use the standard testing sequence to validate well. Finally, replant the program to the DSP, and simulate the algorithm based on the TMS320C6201' core by CCS .
引文
[1] Jerry D.Gibson,Toby Berger,“多媒体数字压缩原理与标准”，电子工业出版社，2001
[2] 蔡安妮，孙景鳌，“多媒体通信技术基础”，电子工业出版社，2000
[3] 余兆明，李晓飞等，“MPEG标准及其应用”，北京邮电大学出版社，2002
[4] ISO/IEC 14496-2-Coding of audio-visual objects-Part 2:visual
[5] Touradj Ebrahimi and Caspar Horne, "MPEG- 4 Natural Video Coding-Anoverview"
[6] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N4668-Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio, 2002
[7] MPEG-4-The Media Standard, the landscape of advanced multimedia coding, http://www.MPEG—4.org
[8] A. murat. Tekalp, Yucel Altunbasak, Oozde Bozdagi, "Two-rs. Three—Dimensional Object-Based Video Compression", http://www.lib.nwpu.edu.cn
[9] John Watkinson, "The Engineer' s Guide to Motion Compensation",http://www.lib.nwpu.edu.cn
[10] Guiwei Xing, Jin Li, Shipeng Li, Ya-qin Zhang, "arbitrarily shaped Video Object Coding By Wavelet",http://research.Microsoft.com/asia/
[11] Tektronix，“MPEG基础理论和协议分析(包括DVB和ATSC)的指南”
[12] J. Streit, L. Hanzo,"An Adaptive Discrete Cosine Transformed Videophone Communicator for Mobile Applications",http://www.lib.nwpu.edu.cn
[13] 狄红卫，“基于小波与三维离散余弦变换的视频图像压缩”，光电工程，2001(8)，第28卷第4期
[14] 刘峰，梅晓艳，“一种用DSP实现离散余弦变换的方法”，应用科技，2001(3)，第28卷第3期
[15] 曹宁，吴敏，“一种基于DCT的频域运动估计算法”，中国图像图形学报，2002(2)，第7卷(A版)第2期
[16] 张旭东，王德生，“高效多分层半象素精度块匹配运动估计算法”，清华大学学报
[17] N. Rama Murthy, "Efficient Algorithms for the Computation of Running Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms",Fellow IEEE
[18] Wang Jianxin and Dong Zaiwang, "A Fast Algorithm for Modified Discrete Cosine Transform", 清华学报
[19] V. Rajaravivarma, Rathika Rajaravivarma, "Fast Discrete Cosine Transform for 1-D and 2-D Signals With and Without Symmetry" http://www.lib. nwpu.edu.cn
[20] Yan Lu, Wen Gao, Feng Wu, "Fast and Robust Sprite Generation For MPEG-4 Video Coding", http://research.Microsoft.com/asia/
[21] Yonghong Zeng, Lizhi Cheng, Guoan Bi,"Integer DCTs and Fast Algorithms" IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vo1.49, NO. 11,2001(11)
[22] 祁卫，张宏江，"New Robust Global Motion Estimation Approach Used in MPEG-4",清华学报
[23] 徐义民，“各种运动图像压缩标准之比较”，http://www.2lic.com
[24] 余科亮，“浅谈图像压缩算法”，http://www.2lic.com
[25] TMS320C6000 Code Composer Studio Tutorial, http://www.ti.com
[26] TMS320C6201/6701 Evaluation Module User' s Guide, http://www.ti.com
[27] TMS320C6201 Fix-Point Digital Signal Processor, http://www.ti.com
[28] TMS320C62X Image/Video Processing Library Programmer' s Reference, http://www.ti.com
[29] “基于DSP的实时MPEG—4编码的软件优化设计”，http://www.2lic.com
[30] 李朝晖，李冬梅，“TMS320C6201在MPEG—4视频解码器中的应用”，http://www.2lic.com
[31] 马君国，付强，“TMS320C62X软件开发方法研究”，http://www.2lic.com
[32] 沈兰荪，卓立，“视频编码与低速率传输”，电子工业出版社，2001
[33] 赵荣椿．”数字图象处理”．西北工业大学出版社 1996．
[34] 余松煜，张文军，孙军．”现代图像信息压缩技术”，科学出版社．1998．
[35] 黎洪松，数字视频技术及其应用”．清华大学出版社．1997
[36] 崔之祜，江春，陈丽鑫．”数字视频处理”．电子工业出版社．1998．
[37] 徐孟侠，“新的数字电视体系中的视频编解码”，电视技术，第10期，pp．4-10，1997
[38] 李方慧，王飞，何佩琨，“TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用(第二版)”，电子工业出版社，2003
[39] 张雄伟，曹铁勇，“DSP芯片的原理与开发应用”，电子工业出版社，2000
[40] M. Ghanbari,"the cross-search algorithm for motion estimation," IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol. 38, pp. 950-953,1990
[41] H.Gharavi and M. Mills," Block-matching motion estimation algorithms: New result" IEEE Trans. Circ. and Syst., vol. 37, pp. 649-651, 1990.
[42] B. Liu, A. Zaccarin, "New fast algorithms for the estimation of block motion vectors," IEEE Trans. Circ. and Syst. Video Tech., vol. 3, pp. 148-157,Apr. 1993
[43] Y. Wang and O. Lee, "Active mesh: A feature seeking and tracking image sequence representation scheme",IEEE Trans. Image Proc., vol. 3,pp. 610-624, Sep. 1994
[44] 李尊锋，“视频编码器关键技术研究及其在DSP上的实现”，郑州大学，2002
[45] Graham Thomas, "A Comparison of Motion-Compensated interlace-to-progressive conversion methods", Signal Processing:Image Commun,pp. 209-229, Dec. 1998
[46] L. Vandendorpe, L. Cuvelier, B. Maison, P. Queluz, P. Delogne, "Motion-Compensated conversion from interlaced to Progressive formats" Signal Processing:Image Commun, pp. 194-211, Jun. 1994
[47] Anil K Jain. "Image Data Compression:A Review", Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 69, pp. 349-389, March. 1981
[48] Murat Kunt, A. Konomopoulos and M. Kocher. "Second Generation Image Coding Techniques", Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 73, pp. 549-574, April. 1985
[49] Muart Kunt. M. Benard R. Leonardi. "Recent Results in High-Compression Image Coding", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. Vol. CAS-34,No. 11, pp. 1306-1336, November. 1987
[2] 蔡安妮，孙景鳌，“多媒体通信技术基础”，电子工业出版社，2000
[3] 余兆明，李晓飞等，“MPEG标准及其应用”，北京邮电大学出版社，2002
[4] ISO/IEC 14496-2-Coding of audio-visual objects-Part 2:visual
[5] Touradj Ebrahimi and Caspar Horne, "MPEG- 4 Natural Video Coding-Anoverview"
[6] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N4668-Coding of Moving Pictures and Audio, 2002
[7] MPEG-4-The Media Standard, the landscape of advanced multimedia coding, http://www.MPEG—4.org
[8] A. murat. Tekalp, Yucel Altunbasak, Oozde Bozdagi, "Two-rs. Three—Dimensional Object-Based Video Compression", http://www.lib.nwpu.edu.cn
[9] John Watkinson, "The Engineer' s Guide to Motion Compensation",http://www.lib.nwpu.edu.cn
[10] Guiwei Xing, Jin Li, Shipeng Li, Ya-qin Zhang, "arbitrarily shaped Video Object Coding By Wavelet",http://research.Microsoft.com/asia/
[11] Tektronix，“MPEG基础理论和协议分析(包括DVB和ATSC)的指南”
[12] J. Streit, L. Hanzo,"An Adaptive Discrete Cosine Transformed Videophone Communicator for Mobile Applications",http://www.lib.nwpu.edu.cn
[13] 狄红卫，“基于小波与三维离散余弦变换的视频图像压缩”，光电工程，2001(8)，第28卷第4期
[14] 刘峰，梅晓艳，“一种用DSP实现离散余弦变换的方法”，应用科技，2001(3)，第28卷第3期
[15] 曹宁，吴敏，“一种基于DCT的频域运动估计算法”，中国图像图形学报，2002(2)，第7卷(A版)第2期
[16] 张旭东，王德生，“高效多分层半象素精度块匹配运动估计算法”，清华大学学报
[17] N. Rama Murthy, "Efficient Algorithms for the Computation of Running Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms",Fellow IEEE
[18] Wang Jianxin and Dong Zaiwang, "A Fast Algorithm for Modified Discrete Cosine Transform", 清华学报
[19] V. Rajaravivarma, Rathika Rajaravivarma, "Fast Discrete Cosine Transform for 1-D and 2-D Signals With and Without Symmetry" http://www.lib. nwpu.edu.cn
[20] Yan Lu, Wen Gao, Feng Wu, "Fast and Robust Sprite Generation For MPEG-4 Video Coding", http://research.Microsoft.com/asia/
[21] Yonghong Zeng, Lizhi Cheng, Guoan Bi,"Integer DCTs and Fast Algorithms" IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vo1.49, NO. 11,2001(11)
[22] 祁卫，张宏江，"New Robust Global Motion Estimation Approach Used in MPEG-4",清华学报
[23] 徐义民，“各种运动图像压缩标准之比较”，http://www.2lic.com
[24] 余科亮，“浅谈图像压缩算法”，http://www.2lic.com
[25] TMS320C6000 Code Composer Studio Tutorial, http://www.ti.com
[26] TMS320C6201/6701 Evaluation Module User' s Guide, http://www.ti.com
[27] TMS320C6201 Fix-Point Digital Signal Processor, http://www.ti.com
[28] TMS320C62X Image/Video Processing Library Programmer' s Reference, http://www.ti.com
[29] “基于DSP的实时MPEG—4编码的软件优化设计”，http://www.2lic.com
[30] 李朝晖，李冬梅，“TMS320C6201在MPEG—4视频解码器中的应用”，http://www.2lic.com
[31] 马君国，付强，“TMS320C62X软件开发方法研究”，http://www.2lic.com
[32] 沈兰荪，卓立，“视频编码与低速率传输”，电子工业出版社，2001
[33] 赵荣椿．”数字图象处理”．西北工业大学出版社 1996．
[34] 余松煜，张文军，孙军．”现代图像信息压缩技术”，科学出版社．1998．
[35] 黎洪松，数字视频技术及其应用”．清华大学出版社．1997
[36] 崔之祜，江春，陈丽鑫．”数字视频处理”．电子工业出版社．1998．
[37] 徐孟侠，“新的数字电视体系中的视频编解码”，电视技术，第10期，pp．4-10，1997
[38] 李方慧，王飞，何佩琨，“TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用(第二版)”，电子工业出版社，2003
[39] 张雄伟，曹铁勇，“DSP芯片的原理与开发应用”，电子工业出版社，2000
[40] M. Ghanbari,"the cross-search algorithm for motion estimation," IEEE Trans. Commun.,vol. 38, pp. 950-953,1990
[41] H.Gharavi and M. Mills," Block-matching motion estimation algorithms: New result" IEEE Trans. Circ. and Syst., vol. 37, pp. 649-651, 1990.
[42] B. Liu, A. Zaccarin, "New fast algorithms for the estimation of block motion vectors," IEEE Trans. Circ. and Syst. Video Tech., vol. 3, pp. 148-157,Apr. 1993
[43] Y. Wang and O. Lee, "Active mesh: A feature seeking and tracking image sequence representation scheme",IEEE Trans. Image Proc., vol. 3,pp. 610-624, Sep. 1994
[44] 李尊锋，“视频编码器关键技术研究及其在DSP上的实现”，郑州大学，2002
[45] Graham Thomas, "A Comparison of Motion-Compensated interlace-to-progressive conversion methods", Signal Processing:Image Commun,pp. 209-229, Dec. 1998
[46] L. Vandendorpe, L. Cuvelier, B. Maison, P. Queluz, P. Delogne, "Motion-Compensated conversion from interlaced to Progressive formats" Signal Processing:Image Commun, pp. 194-211, Jun. 1994
[47] Anil K Jain. "Image Data Compression:A Review", Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 69, pp. 349-389, March. 1981
[48] Murat Kunt, A. Konomopoulos and M. Kocher. "Second Generation Image Coding Techniques", Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 73, pp. 549-574, April. 1985
[49] Muart Kunt. M. Benard R. Leonardi. "Recent Results in High-Compression Image Coding", IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. Vol. CAS-34,No. 11, pp. 1306-1336, November. 1987