分支井轨迹设计研究及软件研制
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摘要
多分支井技术起源于20世纪50年代,但直到1995年以后,多分支井技术才得到了迅速的发展。该项技术与丛式井和单一的水平井相比,在某些条件下,可以节约成本和时间,目前已成为热门技术,引起了全球石油界的广泛关注。本文在总结现有分支井技术研究成果的基础上,对分支井轨迹设计技术做了详细的理论分析并开发了分支井轨迹设计软件,同时探讨了分支井连接井段的力学特性,为进一步研究奠定一定的理论基础。
     本文首先根据国内外已钻分支井的情况,结合油藏地质,详细讨论了分支井的轨迹类型及其油藏适应性,以及轨迹设计需要考虑的油藏地质因素及其之间的相互影响,总结出分支井轨迹设计的原则、方法和步骤。
     针对分支井的三维特性,本文重点研究了其三维设计计算方法。对于三维扭方位设计中提出了完整的绕向判断准则,给出完善的曲率校核模型;并推导出一种双靶(靶段)设计的简易新方法和空间圆弧设计计算方法,这两种方法可以广泛用于分支井空间三维轨迹设计;同时,本文给出了轨迹分段设计计算的方法,该方法为计算机程序化提供理论基础,可广泛运用于实际设计中;同时在概念设计的基础上,建立全井眼轨迹最优化设计模型,并首次在轨迹设计中引入最优化方法中的乘子法求解。
     针对分支井分支处连接段井壁力学特性,首次研究了分支连接处的应力分布规律,应用有限元法分析了造斜半径和造斜方位对连接段井壁应力分布的影响,以及连接处破坏的程度及变化规律,同时总结出连接井段井眼最稳定时的最佳分支造斜方位是沿着最大水平主应力方向,这些研究结果国内尚属首次。
     同时,本文基于轨迹设计研究的理论,用VB结合OpenGL三维可视化技术,编制了分支井轨迹设计和三维可视化软件,软件引入虚拟现实技术,可以在虚拟的油藏地质环境中显示轨迹的空间展布和轨迹之间的关系,为设计人员提供更直观的设计与轨迹控制平台。
     本文的研究成果可广泛应用于分支井以及定向井、水平井、大位移井的设计计算。
Multilateral well technology originated from 1950s, but it develop quickly till 1995 year. Compare this technology with drilling cluster wells and a single horizontal well, in some distance, multilateral technology can save costs and working hours, so it become the one of the most topical technology and cause international attention. Based on the research result of the predecessor, this paper detailed analysis the multilateral trajectory design and factors must to be concerned, and developed a trajectory design software, at the same time, studied the multi-junction mechanics status and the correlative rules.According to multilateral have been drilled up to now, the paper batted around the multilateral trajectory type and its adaptability respectively combining the oil reservoir geology, and the factors must to be concerned and the affect each other, then summarized the multilateral trajectory design principle, methods and steps.On the trajectory design and calculation method, the paper studied the 3D trajectory design and calculation, presented a rule of the turn azimuth diagnoses and gave the perfect Dog-Leg checking model, meanwhile, deduced a new simple method of two target directional trajectory design and the space circular arc method, which can be used to design the 3D trajectory widely, at the same time, presented the method of the subsection trajectory design and calculation that is the basis of the computerizing the program, then set up a new model to optimize the multilateral trajectory and solved the model by the RPH method at the first time.Based on the mechanics characteristic of the multi-junction in multilateral well, the paper studied the rule of stress speared at the multi-junction at the first time, which used the finite element method (ANSYS Software), and analyzed the influence of deflection radium & the direction on it, and the destroy rules of the multi-junction, summarized a very important rule that the optimum direction of the drilling a lateral is the direction of the maximum formation horizontal stress.And at the same time, the paper presented the software of multilateral trajectory design and 3D visual using VB combined with OpenGL based on the theory mentioned before. The software can show the relationship between space spread of trajectory and trajectory in the virtual reservoir for visualization in scientific computing is used. So the software can supply the designer with much intuitionistic design and control.The achievement of this paper can be widely used to the practice design of multilateral well, directional well and horizontal well.
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