基于RS的武汉城市乔木绿化三维量测算研究
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摘要
城市化是当今世界上最重要的社会、经济现象之一,随之而来的是经济发展、人口增长、空间扩张和生活水平提高四个互相联系、互相促进的过程,在这一系列过程中的城市生态环境问题日益受到人们关注。建设科学、合理的绿地系统,满足人居环境和生存的需要,城市与自然共存,人类与自然和谐相处,谋求城市与环境共同发展已经成为城市发展的方向。
     “绿化三维量”在城市绿地及其指标研究中被作为一种全新的思路和理论被提出,并在城市规划和城市绿化的实践中被证明是一种衡量城市绿地生态功能和城市绿化需求总量的科学方法和手段。随着地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)在城市研究中日益凸显出优势,在城市绿地研究中显现出高效快捷、科学准确、结果显示直观形象的特点,已经成为城市绿地研究中不可替代的重要途径和手段。
     本文选取位于武汉市核心区域的蛇山风景区的南坡和紫阳湖公园作为研究区域。选取十余种分布最广、数量最多的绿化乔灌木为研究对象,实测并取得有关树木的胸径、冠径、树高、冠高等相关数据,求得调查区域常见绿化树种的“冠径—冠高”相关方程和树冠绿化三维量计算公式。
     得到了研究区域主要绿化乔木(举例)侧柏:y=1/(0.11659+1.42653e~(-0.6x))和女贞:y=1/(0.17751+1.7076e(-0.91x))等共12个树种的“冠径—冠高”相关方程。
     在调查区域中划分四块样方地,并定量计算了研究区的绿化三维量,在95%的置信度下对四块样地三维绿量测算精度进行检测,分别为87.6%、83.5%、82.8%和84.6%,均达到了80%以上。
     参照国内外相关测算经验,精度超过80%即可应用,估此方程和研究方法可在武汉市推广。
     对武汉市的绿地规划建设提出建议:1.选取绿化三维量作为城市绿化指标;2.改变单一的城市绿地结构;3.注意树种选择和植物配置。
Urbanization is one of the most important social and economic phenomena today. Along with it there are four processes, such as the economical development, the population growth, the spatial expansion and enhancement of life level, relate and accelerate mutually. The urban eco-environment problem receives people's attention increasingly in the series of processes day by day. It has already became the directions of city's development that to construct scientific and reasonable urban green space system and green space, to satisfy the needs of human settlements and survival, co-existence between city and nature, harmonious existence between humans and nature, and to buck for communal development the city and the environment
     "Three-dimensional vegetation quantity" was proposed as a new mentality and theory in the research of urban green space and its indices. It is a scientific method and instrumentality to weight the ecology function of urban green space and urban greening needing grosses in practice of urban planning and urban greening. Along with the superiority of GIS and RS was showed in urban research day and day, GIS and RS have showed their characteristics, such as efficient, scientific, precise, visual. They were already became important way and method in the research of urban green space.
     This thesis took the south of The Sheshan scenic area and The Ziyanghu Park, which is in the center of Wuhan, as research district. Choose tens kinds of arbor and shrub, which are most widely distributing in area, as objects of study. On the base of practical measurement, calculation and statistic analysis for data, this research studied mainly greening species's model of measure three-dimensional vegetation quantity based RS in the research district, obtained the correlative equation of "diameter-height" of crown for arbor and the equations to calculate "three-dimensional vegetation quantity" for tree's crown of research district, and calculated the three-dimensional vegetation quantity of research area.
     The research area has been the main arbor (Example) Platycladus orientalis: y=1╱((0.11659+1.4265(?))~(-0.6x)) and Ligustrum lucidum: y=1╱((0.17751+1.707(?))~(-0.91x)) A total of 12 species of the "diameter-height" equations.
     Carve up 4 areas in research district and calculated the three-dimensional vegetation quantity. In the 95% confidence level for the precision of 4 areas's three-dimensional vegetation quantity were 87.6%, 83.5%, 82.8% and 84.6%, are up 80%. Therefore, the method can promote the use of Wuhan City. Give the following proposals to Wuhan for construction of green space: 1. choose three-dimensional vegetation quantity as city green indicators; 2. change a single urban green space; 3. attention to the selection of tree species and plant configuration.
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