高层结构三维隔震与抗倾覆的数值模拟及分析
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摘要
目前,对于地震动水平分量的隔震研究已经比较成熟,并进入到实际应用阶段。但是由于地震动的多维特性,对于一些位于高烈度区和震中附近的重要建筑和基础设施,研究同时考虑地震竖向分量的三维隔震是非常必要和重要的。已有研究表明,在三维地震动作用下,结构反应比仅考虑一维地震动作用的结构反应大得多。对于高层结构,地震动竖向分量也往往会加剧结构的破坏程度。美国、日本、法国等国家的许多学者,都在不遗余力地进行这项研究,试图解决这一难题。我国学者在相关的理论和实践方面也作了一些研究,近两年提出了几种三维隔震的装置。竖向隔震的理论研究及其装置的研发将反过来推动竖向地震动的研究,进一步促进竖向隔震的实用化,为基础隔震拓宽适用范围。
隔震结构的抗倾覆问题,尤其是三维隔震结构的抗倾覆问题一直以来都是国内外工程学术研究的一个盲点。当前的结构隔震形式,不管是二维隔震还是三维隔震都是不考虑结构的倾覆,尤其是随着隔震结构向中高层发展,结构的抗倾覆问题逐渐显现出其重要性。从理论上研究如何改造现有隔震支座使其具备抗倾覆能力,研究开发新型的具备抗倾覆能力的隔震支座,并通过实验的方法加以验证。本项研究丰富了建筑隔震的方法和内容,对于提高隔震结构的安全性和舒适度有重要的意义,对进一步推广隔震具有重大的促进作用。
本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个部分:
1.在阅读大量国内外文献的基础上,充分了解隔震体系的基本原理和隔震装置的主要类型及性能,掌握国内外专家学者关于高层结构三维隔震与抗倾覆的研究现状,提出本论文的主要研究内容;
2.利用有限元分析软件对一个安装了三维隔震抗倾覆装置的振动台试验结构模型进行数值模拟;
3.根据三维隔震技术的原理,考虑地震动的三维特性,研究各种不同的三维隔震形式,比较不同隔震形式的优劣,改造现有的隔震支座使其具备抗倾覆能力,开发了一种新型的具备抗倾覆能力的隔震支座;
4.建立该新型三维隔震与抗倾覆装置的简化力学模型,采用简化的分析方法对一个算例进行数值模拟加以验证;
5.阐述本文得出的主要成果并对该课题研究趋势作了展望。
Recently, isolation studies on the horizontal earthquake components of earthquakemotion have become mature, and entered an actual application stage. But beacause of the multi-dimensional properties of the earthquakemotion, as for some important buildings and infrastructures in high-intensity and the epicenter nearby areas, it is very necessary and important to consider three-dimensional base isolation with the vertical seismic component. The existed research shows that the structure reaction under three-dimensional vibration is much more intense than that of one-dimensional earthquake. For high-rise structure, the vertical components of earthquakemotion tend to exacerbate the damage of structure. Many scholars of other countries like America,Japan and France, are conducting the research, trying to solve this problem. Domestic scholars have also done a lot research on the relevant theoretical and practical study , and proposed several three-dimensional base isolation devices in the resent years. The theory study on vertical isolation and device development will push the vertical earthquake research in turn and furtherly promote vertical isolation in practical application, and broaden the application scope of base isolation.
The resistive overturning problems of isolation structure, especially the three-dimensional base isolation structure has always been a blind spot of domestic and overseas engineering of academic study. The current structure isolation forms, either two-dimensional base isolation or three-dimensional base isolation do not consider the overthrow of the structure. Especially when isolation structure toward to senior development, the resistive overturning problem of structure gradually show its importance. Theoretically study how to transform the existing isolation bearing to possess resistive overturning ability, develope a new kind of isolation bearing with resistive overturning ability, and use experiment method to verify it. This study enriched the methods and contents of architectural isolation. It is of important significance for improving the safety and comfort of the seismic-isolation structure, and having Great stimulative effects on further promote isolation.
The major studies are as follows:
1. On the basis reading of literatures, fully understand the basic principle of base-isolation system and the main type and performance of the isolation device,grasp the situation about three-dimensional base isolation and resistive overturning research on high-rise structure, and put forward the main research contents of this paper;
2. Using finite element analysis software to simulate shaking table test model installed on a 3D isolation resistive overturning device;
3. According to the principle of three-dimensional base isolation technology, considering 3D characteristics of the earthquakemotion, studying the various 3D isolation form, comparing advantages and disadvantages of different isolation form, transform the existing isolation bearings to possess resistive overturning ability, developeing a new kind of isolation bearing with resistive overturning ability;
4. Building simplified mechanical model of the new three-dimensional base isolation and resistive overturning device, using a simplified analysis method to simulate the example and verify it;
5. Expounding the main achievements obtained in this paper and prospecting the research on this subject.
隔震结构的抗倾覆问题,尤其是三维隔震结构的抗倾覆问题一直以来都是国内外工程学术研究的一个盲点。当前的结构隔震形式,不管是二维隔震还是三维隔震都是不考虑结构的倾覆,尤其是随着隔震结构向中高层发展,结构的抗倾覆问题逐渐显现出其重要性。从理论上研究如何改造现有隔震支座使其具备抗倾覆能力,研究开发新型的具备抗倾覆能力的隔震支座,并通过实验的方法加以验证。本项研究丰富了建筑隔震的方法和内容,对于提高隔震结构的安全性和舒适度有重要的意义,对进一步推广隔震具有重大的促进作用。
本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个部分:
1.在阅读大量国内外文献的基础上,充分了解隔震体系的基本原理和隔震装置的主要类型及性能,掌握国内外专家学者关于高层结构三维隔震与抗倾覆的研究现状,提出本论文的主要研究内容;
2.利用有限元分析软件对一个安装了三维隔震抗倾覆装置的振动台试验结构模型进行数值模拟;
3.根据三维隔震技术的原理,考虑地震动的三维特性,研究各种不同的三维隔震形式,比较不同隔震形式的优劣,改造现有的隔震支座使其具备抗倾覆能力,开发了一种新型的具备抗倾覆能力的隔震支座;
4.建立该新型三维隔震与抗倾覆装置的简化力学模型,采用简化的分析方法对一个算例进行数值模拟加以验证;
5.阐述本文得出的主要成果并对该课题研究趋势作了展望。
Recently, isolation studies on the horizontal earthquake components of earthquakemotion have become mature, and entered an actual application stage. But beacause of the multi-dimensional properties of the earthquakemotion, as for some important buildings and infrastructures in high-intensity and the epicenter nearby areas, it is very necessary and important to consider three-dimensional base isolation with the vertical seismic component. The existed research shows that the structure reaction under three-dimensional vibration is much more intense than that of one-dimensional earthquake. For high-rise structure, the vertical components of earthquakemotion tend to exacerbate the damage of structure. Many scholars of other countries like America,Japan and France, are conducting the research, trying to solve this problem. Domestic scholars have also done a lot research on the relevant theoretical and practical study , and proposed several three-dimensional base isolation devices in the resent years. The theory study on vertical isolation and device development will push the vertical earthquake research in turn and furtherly promote vertical isolation in practical application, and broaden the application scope of base isolation.
The resistive overturning problems of isolation structure, especially the three-dimensional base isolation structure has always been a blind spot of domestic and overseas engineering of academic study. The current structure isolation forms, either two-dimensional base isolation or three-dimensional base isolation do not consider the overthrow of the structure. Especially when isolation structure toward to senior development, the resistive overturning problem of structure gradually show its importance. Theoretically study how to transform the existing isolation bearing to possess resistive overturning ability, develope a new kind of isolation bearing with resistive overturning ability, and use experiment method to verify it. This study enriched the methods and contents of architectural isolation. It is of important significance for improving the safety and comfort of the seismic-isolation structure, and having Great stimulative effects on further promote isolation.
The major studies are as follows:
1. On the basis reading of literatures, fully understand the basic principle of base-isolation system and the main type and performance of the isolation device,grasp the situation about three-dimensional base isolation and resistive overturning research on high-rise structure, and put forward the main research contents of this paper;
2. Using finite element analysis software to simulate shaking table test model installed on a 3D isolation resistive overturning device;
3. According to the principle of three-dimensional base isolation technology, considering 3D characteristics of the earthquakemotion, studying the various 3D isolation form, comparing advantages and disadvantages of different isolation form, transform the existing isolation bearings to possess resistive overturning ability, developeing a new kind of isolation bearing with resistive overturning ability;
4. Building simplified mechanical model of the new three-dimensional base isolation and resistive overturning device, using a simplified analysis method to simulate the example and verify it;
5. Expounding the main achievements obtained in this paper and prospecting the research on this subject.
引文
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