高层建筑风致振动的风洞试验与原型实测研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化进程的推进,城市人口高度集中,高层建筑进入了一个快速发展的时期。高层建筑具有质量轻、柔性大、阻尼小、自振频率低等特点,风荷载往往是结构设计的控制荷载。风洞试验与原型实测是风工程研究的主要方法,本文以广州利通广场为例对此展开研究,主要内容包括：
1.在刚性模型测压风洞试验与高频底座天平试验的基础上,计算了结构的基底倾覆弯矩、顶部峰值加速度以及等效静风荷载,对比分析了测压试验结果与天平试验结果,验证了试验数据的可信度,从而为高层建筑的结构抗风设计提供参考依据。
2.台风登陆时,在高层建筑顶部进行长时间连续风场监测,利用获得的实测数据,系统地研究了台风的脉动风概率分布、功率谱和湍流积分尺度等台风相关特征,以及湍流强度、阵风因子的自身特征及其与平均风速之间的相互关系,将为我国在台风作用下风环境、风场模拟、设计风荷载等方面的研究提供有价值的成果。
3.在台风影响下,同步测试结构顶部风速和风振响应,利用风振响应数据研究了台风作用下被测结构的自振频率、加速度均方根和阻尼特征等,并分析结构振动响应长期观测数据,总结结构在施工过程中自振频率的变化特征,从而为高层建筑自振频率的识别提供参考标准。
With the rapid urbanization and centralization of city population in china, more and more tall buildings have developed in recenet years. As tall buildings have the characteristics of light mass, more flexibility, small damping and low natural frequencies, wind load has become the controlling load for the structural design of such tall buildings. As we know, wind tunnel test and field measurement are two major methods for wind engineering society. Taking Guangzhou Leatop Plaza as an example, the wind effects on this tall building was comprehensively studied in this dissertation by these two methods. The main content of this dissertation were listed as the following:
1. First the Multiple Point Synchronous Scanning (MPSS) test of wind pressure and High-Frequency Force Balance test (HFBB) were conducted in the wind tunnel. The overturning moments at basement, peak acceleration response atop of the building and equivalent static wind load (ESWL) for this tall building were analyzed based on the wind tunnel data. A comparison of wind-induced responses has been made between these two wind tunnel test methods. The reliability of the test data has been verified.The analyzed results from wind tunnel tests would establish the valuable reference for the wind resistant design of such tall buildings.
2. A continuous structural vibration monitoring was conducted for a long-term period when typhoon affected this tall building.The field measured data about the typhoon characteristics atop the building was obtained. The statistically results about the probability distribution, power spectrum density and turbulence integral scale of fluctuating wind speed were analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between turbulence intensities, gust factors and wind speed were also studied in this project.The analyzed results would provide valuable information for further research into wind climate, wind field simulation, and wind load design.
3. During the typhoon affected this tall building, wind speed atop of the building and wind-induced responses were measured and recorded synchronously.The dynamic characteristics including natural frequencies, damping ratios and wind-induced acceleration response have been analyzed for this tall building based on the measured data.Thus information about the wind effects on this tall building was obtained comprehensively. Furthermore the variation of identified natural frequencies of this tall building during the construction process was also analyzed to provide the more information of dynamic characteristic of such tall buildings in various construction stages.
1.在刚性模型测压风洞试验与高频底座天平试验的基础上,计算了结构的基底倾覆弯矩、顶部峰值加速度以及等效静风荷载,对比分析了测压试验结果与天平试验结果,验证了试验数据的可信度,从而为高层建筑的结构抗风设计提供参考依据。
2.台风登陆时,在高层建筑顶部进行长时间连续风场监测,利用获得的实测数据,系统地研究了台风的脉动风概率分布、功率谱和湍流积分尺度等台风相关特征,以及湍流强度、阵风因子的自身特征及其与平均风速之间的相互关系,将为我国在台风作用下风环境、风场模拟、设计风荷载等方面的研究提供有价值的成果。
3.在台风影响下,同步测试结构顶部风速和风振响应,利用风振响应数据研究了台风作用下被测结构的自振频率、加速度均方根和阻尼特征等,并分析结构振动响应长期观测数据,总结结构在施工过程中自振频率的变化特征,从而为高层建筑自振频率的识别提供参考标准。
With the rapid urbanization and centralization of city population in china, more and more tall buildings have developed in recenet years. As tall buildings have the characteristics of light mass, more flexibility, small damping and low natural frequencies, wind load has become the controlling load for the structural design of such tall buildings. As we know, wind tunnel test and field measurement are two major methods for wind engineering society. Taking Guangzhou Leatop Plaza as an example, the wind effects on this tall building was comprehensively studied in this dissertation by these two methods. The main content of this dissertation were listed as the following:
1. First the Multiple Point Synchronous Scanning (MPSS) test of wind pressure and High-Frequency Force Balance test (HFBB) were conducted in the wind tunnel. The overturning moments at basement, peak acceleration response atop of the building and equivalent static wind load (ESWL) for this tall building were analyzed based on the wind tunnel data. A comparison of wind-induced responses has been made between these two wind tunnel test methods. The reliability of the test data has been verified.The analyzed results from wind tunnel tests would establish the valuable reference for the wind resistant design of such tall buildings.
2. A continuous structural vibration monitoring was conducted for a long-term period when typhoon affected this tall building.The field measured data about the typhoon characteristics atop the building was obtained. The statistically results about the probability distribution, power spectrum density and turbulence integral scale of fluctuating wind speed were analyzed. Furthermore, the relationship between turbulence intensities, gust factors and wind speed were also studied in this project.The analyzed results would provide valuable information for further research into wind climate, wind field simulation, and wind load design.
3. During the typhoon affected this tall building, wind speed atop of the building and wind-induced responses were measured and recorded synchronously.The dynamic characteristics including natural frequencies, damping ratios and wind-induced acceleration response have been analyzed for this tall building based on the measured data.Thus information about the wind effects on this tall building was obtained comprehensively. Furthermore the variation of identified natural frequencies of this tall building during the construction process was also analyzed to provide the more information of dynamic characteristic of such tall buildings in various construction stages.
引文
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[2]季斌.高层悬挂结构风致振动响应研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学硕士毕业论文,2005.2-31.
[3]葛建斌.高层建筑风致干扰效应研究[D].汕头：汕头大学硕士毕业论文,2004.1-20.
[4]Davenport A G. Gust loading factors[J]. Struct Div ASCE,1967,93(ST3):11-34.
[5]Simiu E and Scanlan R H. Wind Effects on Structures:Fundamentals and Applications to Design[M].Third Edition,John Wiley and Sons Inc,1996.
[6]Counihan J. Adiabatic atmospheric boundary layers:A review and analysis of data from the period 1880-1972[J]. Atmos. Envioron,1975,9:871-905.
[7]Kaimal J C, Wyngaard J C, Izumi Y. Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbu-lence [J]. Royal Meteorol Soc,1972,98:563-589.
[8]Sethu-Raman S., Structure of turbulence over water during high winds[J]. Appl Met-eorol,1979,18:324-328.
[9]Panofsky H A, Singer I A. Vertical structure of turbulence[J]. Royal Meteorol Soc, 1965,91:339-344.
[10]Davenport A G.The generalization and simplification of wind loads and implicate-ons for computational methods [J]. Wind Eng Indust Aerody,1993,46-47:409-417.
[11]Davenport A G. How can we simplify and generalize wind loads?[J]. Wind Eng Indust Aerody,1995,54-55:657-669.
[12]Isyumov N. Overview of wind action on tall buildings and structures[A]. Wind Engineering into the 21st century[C],Larsen, Larose&Livesey (eds),1999,15-28.
[13]郭炜.高层建筑顺风向风荷载风致响应研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学硕士毕业论文,2008.2-17.
[14]徐安,吴玖荣,傅继阳.广州西塔风效应的风洞试验与现场实测研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(9)：161-169.
[15]顾明,黄鹏,周晅毅,朱乐东,潘汉明.广州新电视塔模型测力风洞试验及风致响应研究Ⅰ：风洞试验[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(7)：9-13.
[16]顾明,周印,张锋等.用高频动态天平方法研究金茂大厦的动力风荷载和风致响应[J].建筑结构学报,2000,21(4)：55-61.
[17]谢壮宁,方小丹,倪振华,石碧青.广州西塔风效应研究[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(1)：107-114.
[18]傅继阳.大跨屋盖结构风荷载特性及其气动抗风措施的研究[D].汕头：汕头大学硕士毕业论文,2002.1-42.
[19]Davenport A G.The spectrum of horizontal gustiness near the ground in high winds [J]. Royal Meteorol Soc,1961,87:194-211.
[20]Kaimal J C. Spectral characteristics of surface-layer turbulence[J]. Royal Meteor-ol Soc,1972,98:563-589.
[21]Harikrishna P, Shanmugasundaram J.Analytical and experimental studies on the gust response of a 52 m tall steel lattice towerunder wind loading[J]. Computers and Structures,1999,70(2):149-160.
[22]Solari G, Repetto M P.General tencies and classification of vertical structures under gust buffeting[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2002,90 (12-15):1299-1319.
[23]Erich J, Harald K. Wind loads in urban areas[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and In dustrial Aerodynamics,2001,89(14-15):1233-1256.
[24]李秋胜,吴玖荣,傅继阳等.广州中信广场台风特性与结构响应同步监测研究[A].第十二届全国风工程学术会议论文集[C],2005：792-797.
[25]胡晓红,葛耀君,庞加斌.上海“派比安”台风实测结果的二维脉动风谱拟合[A].第十届全国风工程学术会议论文集[C],2000：76-83.
[26]Li Q S, Xiao Y Q, Wong C K, Jeary A P.Field measurements of typhoon effects on a super tall building[J]. Engineering Structures,2004,26:233-244.
[27]石碧青,谢壮宁,倪振华,陈德江.深圳宝安体育馆屋盖风荷载特性试验研究[A],第十届全国结构风效应会议论文集[C],桂林,2001.
[28]赵若红.复杂体型大跨屋盖风致振动的风洞试验与实测研究[D].广州：暨南大学博士毕业论文,2008.
[29]申建红,李春祥.强风作用下超高层建筑风场特性的实测研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(5)：62-68.
[30]Yukio Tamura, Kunio Fujii.Effectiveness of tuned liquid dampers under wind excit-ation [J]. Engineering structures,1995,17 (9):589-622.
[31]Koichi Miyashita, Masaru Itoh. Full-scale measurements of wind-induced responses on the Hamamatsu ACT Tower[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerody-namics,1998,74(1):942-957.
[32]Ellis B R. Full-scale measurements of the dynamic characteristics of buildings in the UK[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,59:365-382.
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