模糊综合评价法在绿色供应链绩效评价中的应用研究
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摘要
随着人类社会的进步，环境问题日益受到重视，“绿色”将成为21世纪的主流，有关“绿色”的举措越来越成为一个国家和企业在世界市场进行竞争的重要手段和决定因素。有鉴于此，将“绿色”理念融入整个供应链管理过程，实现绿色供应链管理，使得整个供应链的资源消耗和环境影响(副作用)最小，是现代企业实现可持续发展的一种根本途径。在绿色供应链的研究中，绩效评价是非常重要的领域，有效的绩效评价能够帮助企业发现问题、寻求解决方法，促进绿色供应链的运作和改进，所以实施有效的绩效评价是推动绿色供应链发展的关键。通过对绿色供应链整体绩效评价，不仅可以分析出影响绿色供应链系统整体效率的瓶颈，还可以为怎样实施绿色供应链提供有益的建议，从而改善绿色供应链的整体绩效。所以，绿色供应链整体绩效的评价分析是一个非常值得研究的课题。
本文首先介绍了供应链以及绿色供应链的相关理论；接着根据绿色供应链的特点讨论绿色供应链绩效评价与供应链绩效的异同，强调对绿色供应链评价应注意的问题；然后在Kaplan和Norton的平衡记分法的基础上，以供应链发展现状为依据，经过扩展而建立了一种新的绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系建立方法—绿色供应链平衡记分法((BSC-GSC)。这个评价体系大体上可以分为五个方面：财务价值方面、客户导向方面、内部流程方面、未来发展方面和环境保护方面。因为根据绿色供应链平衡记分法建立的绩效评价体系较之前的评价体系增加了环境保护方面的评价方面，所以更为完整。接着本文将标杆管理思想、层次分析法、德尔菲法和模糊综合评价法相结合，提出了基于标杆管理思想的三角模糊综合评价法。该模型是一种在AHP的层次结构下建立指标体系、应用AHP和德尔菲评价法来确定各个指标的权系数、根据三角模糊函数和标杆管理确定指标的隶属度以及通过标杆分析法来分析和改进整个绿色供应链的绩效评价结果的新的评价方法。最后本文给出实证分析来证明此评价体系的可行性。
With the advance of humanity society, the environment problem arose more attention. Therefore, the green will become the main topic in the 21st century. It will be the important way and the crucial factors for a country and an enterprise in the competition of the world market. So the essential way to achieve the sustainable development is to melt the green into the whole process of the supply chain management and implement the green supply management to reduce the resource consumption and the environment pollution. Of all the research on the green supply chain, performance appraisement is very important The effective performance appraisement can help the enterprise discover and solve the problem and improve the green supply chain operation. Therefore, the implementation of effective performance evaluation is the key to promoting green supply chain. Through performance evaluation, it can not only find the bottleneck of efficiency of the supply chain, but also provide beneficial suggestions on how to perform green supply chain. This will improve the whole performance of the supply chain. Consequently, evaluation on performance appraisement system in the green supply chain is a worthwhile research issue.
Firstly, this paper has recommended the supply chain and green supply chain theory. Secondly, the similarities and differences between the supply chain and the green supply chain performance appraisement are discussed on the basis of the characteristic of the green supply chain management. Basing on the balanced score card of Kaplan and Norton and the current situation of the development of the chain, it has stetted up a kind of the new performance evaluation index system of the green supply chain. This system can be divided into five respects on the whole: the angle of financial value, the angle of customer orientation, the angle of operation, the angle of development, and the angle of environmental protection. The new performance evaluation index system is more intact than before, because of considering the respect of environmental protection. Thirdly, it have put forward comprehensive evaluation model, which based on the triangular fuzzy number, AHP, Delphi and the benchmarking. This model is not only more systemic, but also can analyze the result of the performance green supply chain in whole. It can find the aspect, which need improve. Finally, this paper makes empirical analysis to prove the feasibility of this evaluation system.
本文首先介绍了供应链以及绿色供应链的相关理论；接着根据绿色供应链的特点讨论绿色供应链绩效评价与供应链绩效的异同，强调对绿色供应链评价应注意的问题；然后在Kaplan和Norton的平衡记分法的基础上，以供应链发展现状为依据，经过扩展而建立了一种新的绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系建立方法—绿色供应链平衡记分法((BSC-GSC)。这个评价体系大体上可以分为五个方面：财务价值方面、客户导向方面、内部流程方面、未来发展方面和环境保护方面。因为根据绿色供应链平衡记分法建立的绩效评价体系较之前的评价体系增加了环境保护方面的评价方面，所以更为完整。接着本文将标杆管理思想、层次分析法、德尔菲法和模糊综合评价法相结合，提出了基于标杆管理思想的三角模糊综合评价法。该模型是一种在AHP的层次结构下建立指标体系、应用AHP和德尔菲评价法来确定各个指标的权系数、根据三角模糊函数和标杆管理确定指标的隶属度以及通过标杆分析法来分析和改进整个绿色供应链的绩效评价结果的新的评价方法。最后本文给出实证分析来证明此评价体系的可行性。
With the advance of humanity society, the environment problem arose more attention. Therefore, the green will become the main topic in the 21st century. It will be the important way and the crucial factors for a country and an enterprise in the competition of the world market. So the essential way to achieve the sustainable development is to melt the green into the whole process of the supply chain management and implement the green supply management to reduce the resource consumption and the environment pollution. Of all the research on the green supply chain, performance appraisement is very important The effective performance appraisement can help the enterprise discover and solve the problem and improve the green supply chain operation. Therefore, the implementation of effective performance evaluation is the key to promoting green supply chain. Through performance evaluation, it can not only find the bottleneck of efficiency of the supply chain, but also provide beneficial suggestions on how to perform green supply chain. This will improve the whole performance of the supply chain. Consequently, evaluation on performance appraisement system in the green supply chain is a worthwhile research issue.
Firstly, this paper has recommended the supply chain and green supply chain theory. Secondly, the similarities and differences between the supply chain and the green supply chain performance appraisement are discussed on the basis of the characteristic of the green supply chain management. Basing on the balanced score card of Kaplan and Norton and the current situation of the development of the chain, it has stetted up a kind of the new performance evaluation index system of the green supply chain. This system can be divided into five respects on the whole: the angle of financial value, the angle of customer orientation, the angle of operation, the angle of development, and the angle of environmental protection. The new performance evaluation index system is more intact than before, because of considering the respect of environmental protection. Thirdly, it have put forward comprehensive evaluation model, which based on the triangular fuzzy number, AHP, Delphi and the benchmarking. This model is not only more systemic, but also can analyze the result of the performance green supply chain in whole. It can find the aspect, which need improve. Finally, this paper makes empirical analysis to prove the feasibility of this evaluation system.
引文
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[2] Cordeiro, J. and Sarkis, J. Environmental appraisal and firm performance: evidence from security analyst forecasts [J]. Business Strategy and Environment ,1997,6(2): 104-14.
[3] Green, K., Morton, B. and New, S. Green purchasing and supply policies: do they improve companies' environmental performance? [J].Supply Chain Management, 19983(2): 89-95.
[4] Scott D. Johnson. Identification and selection of environmental performance indictors: application of the balanced scorecard approach [J]. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 1998,5(4): 34-41.
[5] Beamon, B.M. Designing the green supply chain [J].Logistics Information Management, 1999, 12(4):332-342.
[6] Roland Clift and Lucy Wright. Relationships Between Environmental Impacts and Added Value along the Supply Chain [J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2000, 65:281-295.
[7] Remko I.Van Hoek. Case studies of greening the automotive supply chain through technology and operations[J].Environmental Technology and Management, 2001, 1-2(1):140-161.
[8] Hsien H. Khoo, Trevor A. Spedding, Ian Bainbridge, David M. R. Taplin.Creating a green supply chain [EB/OL], http://www.greenleaf-publishing.com/gmi/gmi35.htm,2001-9—2/2003-2-8.
[9] Stevels, A. Green supply chain management much more than questionnaires and ISO 14001 [A].Conference Paper (incl. Conference Papers in Journals), Conference Record 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2002-05-09, PP96-100.
[10] Joseph Sarkis. A strategic decision framework for green supply chain management [J].Journal of Cleaner Production, 2003, 11(4):397-409.
[11] 但斌，刘坛．绿色供应链及其体系结构研究[J]．中国机械工程，2000，11(11)：1232-1235．
[12] 李向东，阎洪，叶润强．建立绿色供应链中的协调关系[J]．软科学，2001，15 (4)：66-69．
[13] 郑迎飞，周欣华，赵旭．国外企业绿色供应链管理及其对我国的启示[J]．外国经济与管理，2001，12(23)：30-34．
[14] 王洪刚，韩文秀．绿色供应链管理及实施策略[J]．天津大学学报(社会科学版)，2002，2(4)：97-100．
[15] 吴迪冲．关于绿色供应链的研究[J]．成组技术与生产现代化，2002，19(2)：15-17．
[16] 蒋洪伟，韩文秀．绿色供应链管理：企业经营管理的趋势[J]．中国人曰·资源与环境，2002，4(10)：90-92．
[17] 马祖军．绿色供应链管理的集成特性和体系结构[J]．南开管理评论，2002，(6)：47-50．
[18] 苑清敏，齐二石，李健绿色供应链与工业生态园区[J]．天津理工学院学报，2002，2(18)：26-29．
[19] 郑迎飞，赵旭，华燕青．绿色供应链管理[J]．决策借鉴，2002，15(3)：2-5．
[20] 武春友，朱庆华，耿勇．绿色供应链管理与企业可持续发展[J]．中国软科学，2001，15(4)：67-70．
[21] 朱庆华．绿色供应链管理[M]．化学工业出版社，2004：46-95．
[22] 王能民．绿色供应链管理[M]．清华大学出版社，2005：199-211．
[23] 徐贤浩，马士华，陈荣秋．供应链绩效评价特点及其指标体系研究[J]．华中理工大学学报(社会科学版)，2000，(5)：69-72．
[24] 李华焰，马士华，林勇．供应链整体绩效驱动及其平衡分析[J]．决策借鉴，2002，(5)：13-18．
[25] 毛会芳，邹辉霞．基于供应链管理的绩效评价研究[J]．科技与管理．2004，(4)：69-72．
[26] Chopra S,Meind IP. Supply chain management: Strategy, planning, and operation[M].Upper Saddle River (New Jersey): Prentice Hall,2001.1-50.
[27] Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton, the Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review, 1992a, lan-Feb, 71-79.
[28] Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton, Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy, California Business Review, 39,1996b.
[29] Robert S. Kaplan, Davd P. Norton, the Balanced Score card-Translating Strategy lnto Action. Harvard Business School Process, Boston, MA, 1996c.
[30] Satty T.L.,The Analytical Hierarchy Process, Mc Graw Hill, New York, NY, 1980.285-287.
[31] 诸克军，张新兰，肖荔谨．Fuzzy AHP方法及应用[J]．系统工程理论与实践， 1997，12：64-69．
[32] 张和平，张显东：平衡记分卡在供应链绩效评估中的应用[J]．物流技术．2002，(12)：19-20．
[33] 霍佳震，隋明刚，刘仲英．集成化供应链整体绩效评价体系构建[J]．同济大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，30(4)：495-499．
[34] 迈克尔·比尔，伯特·斯配克特，保罗·劳伦斯，潘洁夫译．管理人力资本化[M]．北京：华夏出版社，1998：110-117．
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