绿色供应链综合绩效评价体系研究
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摘要
在21世纪的今天全球市场的竞争已迈入供应链竞争阶段,同样在21世纪的今天,可持续发展观也已成为人类社会和经济发展的主导思想。如何在提升供应链的效益的同时尽可能的实现供应链的可持续发展,减少对自然生态环境的污染和有限自然资源的消耗成为供应链理论和实践发展所需面对的重要课题,在这样的背景下融入了“绿色”理念和可持续发展观的绿色供应链管理思想便应运而生。在绿色供应链管理的理论框架下,供应链的设计和实施融合了环保和可持续发展的理念,以形成供应链经济效益与环境保护,资源利用与生态平衡相结合的有机统一体,供应链可持续发展与环境、资源条件相适应的供应链管理模式。
而另一方面,在绿色供应链管理理论中,绩效评价是非常重要的领域,它是连接绿色供应链的抽象理论和具体实践的桥梁,通过绩效评价可以分析影响绿色供应链系统整体效率的瓶颈从而明确绩效改进的方向,还可以为绿色供应链的优化改进提出有益的意见以供决策分析,从而最终提升整个绿色供应链整体绩效,促进供应链的可持续健康的发展。所以,绿色供应链的绩效评价是一个颇具研究价值的课题。
本文在对绿色供应链产生背景分析的基础上指出实行绿色供应链管理的重要意义和必要性,继而回顾了绿色供应链管理相关文献,对目前的研究状况进行综述,指出当前绿色供应链管理理论研究存在的问题;然后分析了绿色供应链的综合现有的研究成果给出了绿色供应链的定义,再在传统供应链定义的基础上给出了绿色供应链及其绩效评价的概念;对绿色供应链的理论基础及其思想内内涵做出分析;并阐明绿色供应链绩效评价的内容;并对绿色供应链绩效与传统供应链绩效评价进行了比较分析;继而在供应链SCOR模型的基础上综合扩展Kaplan和Norton的平衡记分法而建立了一种新的绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系建立方法—绿色供应链平衡记分法(BSC-GSC)。这个评价体系分为财务价值、客户服务、业务流程、绿色环保和创新发展5个方面,使得绿色供应链的绩效评价更为完整。再在比较分析了当前常用综合评价方法的优缺点的基础上,结合绿色供应链绩效评价的多目标多准则的特点,建立基于三角模糊函数的层次分析模型;最后本文给出实证分析来证明此评价体系的可行性。
Nowadays, in the 21st century, supply chain has dominated the business competition in the global market, at the same time the sustainable development theory has already lead the economic and social development in the worldwide range. Under such circumstances, that how to enhance the supply chain performance while realizing its sustainable development and the alleviate the environmental pressure as much as possible, now has become an issue of great significance for the SCM theory and practice, and thus directly causes the emergence of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) which evolves both the "green theory" and the sustainable development theory. In the framework of GSCM, the design and implementation of supply chain syncretize the environmentalist and sustainable development theory in order to reach the harmony between economic benefit, resource utilization and environment protection. On the other hand, that the performance evaluation is critical in the GSCM, because it bridges the abstract theory and the practical implementation of GSCM, and we can analyze the overall efficiency of the GSC system, figure out the improvement measure, optimize the GSC structure and enhance the performance in order to realize the sustainable development of GSC.
At first, based on the background of GSC, this thesis has pointed out the significance and necessity, then reviewed the correlative research of GSC in previous years, found the deficiency in GSC research in the field; Secondly, synthesized the previous research results to define GSC and specified the definition of green supply chain performance evaluation on the base of the traditional supply chain performance evaluation. Then analyze the contents of GSC and its performance evaluation; thirdly, base on the comparison between the GSC performance and traditional Supply Chain performance, extend both the supply chain SCORE model and the Balanced Score Card to form new systematic performance evaluation method--Green Supply Chain Balanced Score Card(GSC--BSC). This method evaluates the Green Supply Chain performance on five points: financial value, business operation, customer service, the environmental protection, development and innovation. Then under this integrated framework, the thesis has set up a Triangular Fuzzy-AHP model, and proved the feasibility of the method by practical demonstration.
而另一方面,在绿色供应链管理理论中,绩效评价是非常重要的领域,它是连接绿色供应链的抽象理论和具体实践的桥梁,通过绩效评价可以分析影响绿色供应链系统整体效率的瓶颈从而明确绩效改进的方向,还可以为绿色供应链的优化改进提出有益的意见以供决策分析,从而最终提升整个绿色供应链整体绩效,促进供应链的可持续健康的发展。所以,绿色供应链的绩效评价是一个颇具研究价值的课题。
本文在对绿色供应链产生背景分析的基础上指出实行绿色供应链管理的重要意义和必要性,继而回顾了绿色供应链管理相关文献,对目前的研究状况进行综述,指出当前绿色供应链管理理论研究存在的问题;然后分析了绿色供应链的综合现有的研究成果给出了绿色供应链的定义,再在传统供应链定义的基础上给出了绿色供应链及其绩效评价的概念;对绿色供应链的理论基础及其思想内内涵做出分析;并阐明绿色供应链绩效评价的内容;并对绿色供应链绩效与传统供应链绩效评价进行了比较分析;继而在供应链SCOR模型的基础上综合扩展Kaplan和Norton的平衡记分法而建立了一种新的绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系建立方法—绿色供应链平衡记分法(BSC-GSC)。这个评价体系分为财务价值、客户服务、业务流程、绿色环保和创新发展5个方面,使得绿色供应链的绩效评价更为完整。再在比较分析了当前常用综合评价方法的优缺点的基础上,结合绿色供应链绩效评价的多目标多准则的特点,建立基于三角模糊函数的层次分析模型;最后本文给出实证分析来证明此评价体系的可行性。
Nowadays, in the 21st century, supply chain has dominated the business competition in the global market, at the same time the sustainable development theory has already lead the economic and social development in the worldwide range. Under such circumstances, that how to enhance the supply chain performance while realizing its sustainable development and the alleviate the environmental pressure as much as possible, now has become an issue of great significance for the SCM theory and practice, and thus directly causes the emergence of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) which evolves both the "green theory" and the sustainable development theory. In the framework of GSCM, the design and implementation of supply chain syncretize the environmentalist and sustainable development theory in order to reach the harmony between economic benefit, resource utilization and environment protection. On the other hand, that the performance evaluation is critical in the GSCM, because it bridges the abstract theory and the practical implementation of GSCM, and we can analyze the overall efficiency of the GSC system, figure out the improvement measure, optimize the GSC structure and enhance the performance in order to realize the sustainable development of GSC.
At first, based on the background of GSC, this thesis has pointed out the significance and necessity, then reviewed the correlative research of GSC in previous years, found the deficiency in GSC research in the field; Secondly, synthesized the previous research results to define GSC and specified the definition of green supply chain performance evaluation on the base of the traditional supply chain performance evaluation. Then analyze the contents of GSC and its performance evaluation; thirdly, base on the comparison between the GSC performance and traditional Supply Chain performance, extend both the supply chain SCORE model and the Balanced Score Card to form new systematic performance evaluation method--Green Supply Chain Balanced Score Card(GSC--BSC). This method evaluates the Green Supply Chain performance on five points: financial value, business operation, customer service, the environmental protection, development and innovation. Then under this integrated framework, the thesis has set up a Triangular Fuzzy-AHP model, and proved the feasibility of the method by practical demonstration.
引文
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[2]王长琼.绿色物流[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[3]周光召,牛文元.中国可持续发展战略[M].北京:西苑出版社,2003
[4]赵丽芬,江勇.可持续发展战略学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[5](英)伊恩·莫法特著.可持续发展－原则、分析和政策[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2002
[6]唐纳德·J.鲍尔索克斯.供应链物流管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[7]王能民,孙林岩,汪应洛.绿色供应链管理[M].清华大学出版社,2005
[8]朱庆华.绿色供应链管理[M].化学工业出版社.2004
[9]侯书淼,孔淑红.企业供应链管理[M].中国广播电视出版社,2002
[10]霍佳震.企业评价创新－集成化供应链绩效及其评价[M].河北:河北人民出版社,2001
[11]但斌,刘飞.绿色供应链及其体系结构研究[M].机械工业出版社,2000
[12]武春友,朱庆华,耿勇.绿色供应链管理与企业可持续发展[J].中国软科学,2001,(3):67-70
[13]蒋洪伟,韩文秀.绿色供应链管理:企业经营管理的趋势[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2000,10(4):90-92
[14]但斌,刘飞.绿色供应链及其体系结构研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(11):1233-1236
[15]武春友,朱庆华,耿勇.绿色供应链管理和企业可持续发展[J].中国软科学,2001,3:67-70
[16]马祖军,绿色供应链管理的集成特性和体系结构[J].南开管理评论,2002,06:47-50
[17]李向东,阎洪,叶润强.建立绿色供应链中的协调关系[J]软科学,2001,15(4):66-69
[18]汪应络,王能民,孙林岩.绿色供应链管理的基本原理[J].中国工程学报2003,5(11):82-87
[19]徐贤浩,马士华,陈荣秋.供应链关键绩效评价指标及优化[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(3)
[20]马士华,林勇,陈志祥.供应链管理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[21]郑任,白勤虎.绿色供应链整体绩效评价模型的构建[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(S1):726-729
[22]申成霖,汪波.基于差距分析的绿色供应链标杆测评[J].南开管理评论,2004(5):81-86
[23]张敏顺,吴洪波.模糊评价方法对绿色供应链绩效的评价[J].科技与管理,2005(3):23-25
[24]张华伦,冯田军,董红果.绿色供应链管理的绩效评价[J].统计与决策,2006(8):57-59
[25]曹敏,范佳静.基于模糊理论的绿色供应链绩效评价研究[J].浙江科技学院学报,2006(9):206-209
[26]诸克军,张新兰,肖荔谨.Fuzzy AHP方法及应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997,12:64-69.
[27]刘永胜.供应链绩效评价研究现状与发展趋势[J].唐山学院学报,2003,03:63-67.
[28]霍佳震,隋明刚,刘仲英.集成化供应链整体绩效评价指标的量化分析[J].同济大学学报,2002,6:733-737.
[29]吴殿延,李东方.层次分析法的不足及其改进的途径[J].北京师范大学学报,2004.4:264-268
[30]赵丽娟,罗兵.绿色供应链中环境管理绩效模糊综合评价[J].重庆大学学报,2003,11:155-158.
[31]胡保亮,基于平衡记分法和层次分析法的供应链绩效评价[J].财经论丛,2003,9:86-91.
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