绿色供应链综合绩效评价方法研究
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摘要
随着人类社会的进步,环境问题日益受到重视,“绿色”将成为21世纪的主流,有关“绿色”的举措越来越成为一个国家和企业在世界市场进行竞争的重要手段和决定因素。有鉴于此,将“绿色”理念融入整个供应链管理过程,实现绿色供应链管理,使得整个供应链的资源消耗和环境影响(副作用)最小,是现代企业实现可持续发展的一种根本途径。在绿色供应链的研究中,绩效评价是非常重要的领域,有效的绩效评价能够帮助企业发现问题、寻求解决方法,促进绿色供应链的运作和改进,所以实施有效的绩效评价是推动绿色供应链发展的关键。
供应链的绩效评价是供应链实施过程中的一个关键而棘手的问题。通过对绿色供应链整体绩效评价,不仅可以分析出影响绿色供应链系统整体效率的瓶颈,还可以为怎样实施绿色供应链提供有益的建议,从而改善绿色供应链的整体绩效。所以,绿色供应链整体绩效的评价分析是一个非常值得研究的课题。
首先,介绍了绿色供应链的相关理论和研究现状。然后,在平衡计分卡的基础上,建立了一种新的绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系建立方法一加强的平衡计分卡。这个评价体系大体上可以分为六个方面：绿色环保方面、信息化水平方面、财务价值方面、客户服务方面、内部业务流程方面和创新与学习方面。因为根据增强的平衡计分卡建立的绩效评价体系较之前的评价体系增加了环境保护和信息的评价方面,所以更为完整。最后,本文将基准分析思想、层次分析法、德尔菲法和模糊综合评价法相结合,提出了基于基准分析思想的三角模糊综合评价法。该模型是一种在AHP的层次结构下建立指标体系、应用AHP和德尔菲评价法来确定各个指标的权系数、根据三角模糊函数和基准分析思想确定指标的隶属度以及通过基准分析法来分析和改进整个绿色供应链的绩效评价结果的新的评价方法。
Environment problem is increasingly paid much attention to and the green will become the main topic in the 21th century along with the advance of humanity society.It will be the important way and the crucial factors for a country and an enterprise in the competition of the world market.So the essential way to achieve the continuable development is to melt the green into the whole process of the supply chain management and implement the green supply management to reduce the resource consumption and the environment pollution.Of all the research domain on the green supply chain, the performance appraisement is very important.The effective performance appraisement can help the enterprise to discover and solve the problem and improve the green supply chain operation.The key to advance the green supply chain is to carry out the effective performance appraisement.
The performance evaluation of the supply chain is one key problem in the course of implementing supply chain. Through performance evaluation, it can find the bottleneck of efficiency of the supply chain, thus improve the whole performance of the supply chain. So, the whole performance evaluation of the green supply chain, can not only merely appraise to the whole performance of the green supply chain, but also offer the beneficial suggestion for how implement the green supply chain.
Firstly, this thesis has recommended the relevant theories and current research of the green supply chain. Secondly, basing on the balanced score card and the current situation of the development of the chain, it has setted up a kind of the new performance evaluation index system of the green supply chain. This system can be divided into six respects on the whole:the angle of environmental protection,the angle of information, the angle of financial value, the angle of customers, the angle of operation, and the angle of development. The new performance evaluation index system is more intact than before, because of considering the respect of environmental protection and information factors.Thirdly, it have put forward comprehensive evaluation model, which based on the triangular fuzzy number,AHP, Delphi and the benchmarking. This model is not only more systemic, but also can analysis the result of the performance green supply chain in whole. It can find the aspect,which need to be improved.
供应链的绩效评价是供应链实施过程中的一个关键而棘手的问题。通过对绿色供应链整体绩效评价,不仅可以分析出影响绿色供应链系统整体效率的瓶颈,还可以为怎样实施绿色供应链提供有益的建议,从而改善绿色供应链的整体绩效。所以,绿色供应链整体绩效的评价分析是一个非常值得研究的课题。
首先,介绍了绿色供应链的相关理论和研究现状。然后,在平衡计分卡的基础上,建立了一种新的绿色供应链绩效评价指标体系建立方法一加强的平衡计分卡。这个评价体系大体上可以分为六个方面：绿色环保方面、信息化水平方面、财务价值方面、客户服务方面、内部业务流程方面和创新与学习方面。因为根据增强的平衡计分卡建立的绩效评价体系较之前的评价体系增加了环境保护和信息的评价方面,所以更为完整。最后,本文将基准分析思想、层次分析法、德尔菲法和模糊综合评价法相结合,提出了基于基准分析思想的三角模糊综合评价法。该模型是一种在AHP的层次结构下建立指标体系、应用AHP和德尔菲评价法来确定各个指标的权系数、根据三角模糊函数和基准分析思想确定指标的隶属度以及通过基准分析法来分析和改进整个绿色供应链的绩效评价结果的新的评价方法。
Environment problem is increasingly paid much attention to and the green will become the main topic in the 21th century along with the advance of humanity society.It will be the important way and the crucial factors for a country and an enterprise in the competition of the world market.So the essential way to achieve the continuable development is to melt the green into the whole process of the supply chain management and implement the green supply management to reduce the resource consumption and the environment pollution.Of all the research domain on the green supply chain, the performance appraisement is very important.The effective performance appraisement can help the enterprise to discover and solve the problem and improve the green supply chain operation.The key to advance the green supply chain is to carry out the effective performance appraisement.
The performance evaluation of the supply chain is one key problem in the course of implementing supply chain. Through performance evaluation, it can find the bottleneck of efficiency of the supply chain, thus improve the whole performance of the supply chain. So, the whole performance evaluation of the green supply chain, can not only merely appraise to the whole performance of the green supply chain, but also offer the beneficial suggestion for how implement the green supply chain.
Firstly, this thesis has recommended the relevant theories and current research of the green supply chain. Secondly, basing on the balanced score card and the current situation of the development of the chain, it has setted up a kind of the new performance evaluation index system of the green supply chain. This system can be divided into six respects on the whole:the angle of environmental protection,the angle of information, the angle of financial value, the angle of customers, the angle of operation, and the angle of development. The new performance evaluation index system is more intact than before, because of considering the respect of environmental protection and information factors.Thirdly, it have put forward comprehensive evaluation model, which based on the triangular fuzzy number,AHP, Delphi and the benchmarking. This model is not only more systemic, but also can analysis the result of the performance green supply chain in whole. It can find the aspect,which need to be improved.
引文
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[9]Hock. From Research Logisticis to Green Supply Chain. Supply Chain Management,1999. 129-134
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[32]冯耕中.现代物流与供应链管理.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2003
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[37]Pawar K. S. and Driva H.Performance measurement for product design and development in a manufacturing environment. International Journal of Production Economics,1999.61-68
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[39]曹柬,周根贵,张定岳.一种基于AHP和模糊理论的多方案综合评价方法[T].浙江工业大学学报,2003,8：355-359.
[40]彭祖赠,孙锡玉.模糊数学及其应用[M].湖北：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[41]杨纶标,高英仪.模糊数学仁[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2003.
[42]Medori D.and Steeple D.A framework for auditing and enhancing performance measurement systems. International Journal of Operations&Production Management,2000.520-533
[43]霍佳震.企业评价创新—集成化供应链绩效及其评价[M].河北：河北人民出版社,2001.
[44]Bond T.C.The role of performance measurement in continuous improvement. International Journal of Operations&Production Management,1999.1318-1334
[45]Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton.the Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review,1992.71-79.
[46]Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton.Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy. California Business Review,1996
[47]Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton.the Balanced Score Card-Translating Strategy Into Action. Harvard Business School Process Boston.1996
[48]Maris Martinsons, Robert Davision. The balanced score card:a foundation for the strategic management of information systems. Decision Support Systems.1999.71-88
[49]白春杰,吴晓平,黄登斌.基于专家权重的综合评价研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2004,3：105-109.
[50]徐泽水.三角模糊互补判断矩阵排序方法研究[J].系统工程学报,2004,02：85-88.
[51]杨新华,林健.提高企业竞争力的新理念：基准管理及其理论基础[J].当代财经,2001,03：60-62.
[52]张远凤.战略制胜：超越基准管理[J].当代财经,2002,2：66-69.
[53]诸克军,张新兰,肖荔谨Fuzzy AHP方法及应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997,12：64-69.
[54]夏春玉,李健生.绿色物流.北京：中国物资出版社,2005
[55]韩小花.一种绿色供应链整体绩效评价方法.[硕士学位论文].广州：暨南大学,2005
[56]霍佳震,马秀波等.集成化供应链绩效评价体系及应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
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[61]刘芹,原梅生.试论绿色消费与绿色营销.山西财经大学学报,2002,6
[62]吴迪冲.关于绿色供应链的研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2002,19(2)：15-17.
[63]郑迎飞,赵旭,华燕青.绿色供应链管理[J].决策借鉴,2002,15(3)：2-5.
[2]刘光复,刘志峰,李钢.绿色设计与绿色制造.机械工业出版社,1999
[3]MELNYK S A, SMITH R T. Green Manufacturing. Society of Manufacturing Engineers. 1996:1-25
[4]晏维龙,曹杰.论绿色供应链[J].社会科学辑刊,2004,01：51-57.
[5]Steve Lippmann.supply chain environmental management:Element for Success.Environmental Management,1996.175-182
[6]Pauli Hamalainnen, Raimop Miettinen. How to benefit from decision analysis in environment life cycle assessment. European journal of Operation Research,1997.279-294
[7]George Ofori. Green the construction supply chain in Singapore. European Journal of Purchasing and Supply Managemen,2000.195-206
[8]Webb L. Green Purchasing:Forging a new Link in the supply chain. Resource,1994.14-18
[9]Hock. From Research Logisticis to Green Supply Chain. Supply Chain Management,1999. 129-134
[10]J. Stevens.Integrating the Supply Chain.International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management,1989,19(8):1-5
[11]T. William, Walker,Alber. Understanding Supply Chain Management.APICS. TPA,1999,99(1): 3-6
[12]蒋洪伟,韩文秀.绿色供应链管理：企业经营管理的趋势[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2002,4(10)：90-92
[13]武春友,朱庆华,耿勇.绿色供应链管理与企业可持续发展[J].中国软科学,2001,15(4)；67-70.
[14]马祖军.绿色供应链管理的集成特性和体系结构[J].南开管理评论,2002,(6)：47-50.
[15]李向东,阎洪,叶润强.建立绿色供应链中的协调关系[J].软科学,2001,15(4)：66-69
[16]孙能民,孙林岩,汪应洛.绿色制造模式下的供应商选择.系统工程,2001,3
[17]J. W. Forrester. Industrial Dynamics. Cambridge. Mass. The MIT Press,1961
[18]J. Stevens. Integrating the Supply Chain.International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management,1989,19(8):3-8
[19]周林洋.工业企业新产品开发供应链管理研究.石油化工技术经济.2000(4)；56-61页
[20]T. William, Walker,Alber. Understanding Supply Chain Management.APICS. TPA,1999,99(1): 75-77
[21]B.M. Beamon. Supply Chain Design and Analysis:Models and methods.International Journal of Production Economics,1998(SS):281-294
[22]Beamon,B.M. Designing the green supply chain [J].Logistics Information Management,1999,12 (4):332-342.
[23]Roland Clift and Lucy Wright.Relationships Between Environmental Impacts and Added Value Along the Supply Chain [J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2000,65:281-295.
[24]李振基,陈小麟,郑海雷等.生态学[M].北京：科学出版社,2000
[25]但斌,刘飞.绿色供应链及其体系结构研究.中国机械工程.2002(11)：1232-1234
[26]林道辉,朱利中.工业生态学的演化与原理[J].重庆环境科学,2002,24(4)：14-17.
[27]方振邦.绩效管理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2003
[28]Evans,Hugh,et al.Exploiting activity.based information:Easy as ABC[J].Management Accounting. Jul/Aug 1996:24
[29]郑迎飞,周欣华,赵旭.国外企业绿色供应链管理及其对我国的启示[J].外国经济与管理,2001,23(12)：30-33
[30]张涛,文新三.企业绩效评价研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2002,67-109
[31]彭志忠.现代物流与供应链管理.济南：山东大学出版社,2002
[32]冯耕中.现代物流与供应链管理.西安：西安交通大学出版社,2003
[33]查先进.物流与供应链管理.武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003
[34]王相朝,靳跃刚等.杜邦分析体系的应用[J].华中理工大学学报(社会科学版),1999(3)：86-88
[35]刘永胜.供应链绩效评价研究现状与发展趋势[J].唐山学院学报,2003,03：63-67.
[36]霍震佳,隋明刚,刘仲英.集成化供应链整体绩效评价体系构建.同济大学学报,2002,3
[37]Pawar K. S. and Driva H.Performance measurement for product design and development in a manufacturing environment. International Journal of Production Economics,1999.61-68
[38]陈忠详.AHP方法在敏捷供应链协调绩效评价决策系统的应用[J].计算机工程与应用,2003.33：33-41.
[39]曹柬,周根贵,张定岳.一种基于AHP和模糊理论的多方案综合评价方法[T].浙江工业大学学报,2003,8：355-359.
[40]彭祖赠,孙锡玉.模糊数学及其应用[M].湖北：武汉大学出版社,2003.
[41]杨纶标,高英仪.模糊数学仁[M].广州：华南理工大学出版社,2003.
[42]Medori D.and Steeple D.A framework for auditing and enhancing performance measurement systems. International Journal of Operations&Production Management,2000.520-533
[43]霍佳震.企业评价创新—集成化供应链绩效及其评价[M].河北：河北人民出版社,2001.
[44]Bond T.C.The role of performance measurement in continuous improvement. International Journal of Operations&Production Management,1999.1318-1334
[45]Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton.the Balanced Scorecard-Measures That Drive Performance. Harvard Business Review,1992.71-79.
[46]Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton.Linking the Balanced Scorecard to Strategy. California Business Review,1996
[47]Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton.the Balanced Score Card-Translating Strategy Into Action. Harvard Business School Process Boston.1996
[48]Maris Martinsons, Robert Davision. The balanced score card:a foundation for the strategic management of information systems. Decision Support Systems.1999.71-88
[49]白春杰,吴晓平,黄登斌.基于专家权重的综合评价研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2004,3：105-109.
[50]徐泽水.三角模糊互补判断矩阵排序方法研究[J].系统工程学报,2004,02：85-88.
[51]杨新华,林健.提高企业竞争力的新理念：基准管理及其理论基础[J].当代财经,2001,03：60-62.
[52]张远凤.战略制胜：超越基准管理[J].当代财经,2002,2：66-69.
[53]诸克军,张新兰,肖荔谨Fuzzy AHP方法及应用[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997,12：64-69.
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