三维数据场表面重建及在人体动画和人体测量学中的应用
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摘要
激光三维数字化技术是应用激光测量方法获取物体表面三维数据场,并在计算机中实现数据场的预处理、生成可视化模型并进行人机交互处理及其它相关研究的数字化技术和方法。该技术集光、机、电、算于一体,广泛应用于医学矫形、逆向工程和快速成型、人机工效学及服装设计与制造业、三维动画和虚拟现实等领域。
本文以三维数据场,特别是人体轮廓线数据场为对象,实现数据场的预处理,重点解决三维表面网格重建问题,研究网格平滑、孔洞填补和网格简化等模型编辑与优化算法。提出基于径向基函数和梯度最速下降法相结合的骨架提取算法,实现基于关节骨架链的人体模型动画算法。最后完成了人机工效学和服装设计中人体立姿和坐姿关键尺寸测量。主要创新点如下:
(1)对人体轮廓线数据场进行预处理。提出基于距离模糊逻辑判断删除轮廓线噪声的方法和基于人体特征的人体朝向自动调整算法,应用迭代对应点匹配算法自动对齐多传感器数据。
(2)提出一种三维数据场表面重建算法并实现网格的编辑优化。利用曲面局平特性,提出基于投影的三角网格重建算法,并根据人体轮廓线数据特点优化邻域搜索以加快重建速度;网格编辑优化包括基于弹性模型的迭代低通滤波网格平滑、基于灰色预测GM(1,1)模型的孔洞填补和基于二次误差测度的单元折叠网格简化算法。
(3)实现三维模型骨架自动提取和人体计算机动画算法。提出基于径向基函数空间曲面隐式表示和梯度最速下降法相结合的三维模型骨架提取算法,通过在人体骨架上定位关节点,设定属性而生成关节骨架链,提出通过柔性模型绑定“皮肤点”到对应关节点以初步实现人体动画。
(4)完成人体关键尺寸,特别是人体坐姿尺寸的自动测量。应用动画算法将人体模型变形到测量姿势:站姿和坐姿。设计人体测点的自动定位算法,测量了人机工程学与服装设计中常用的38个人体关键尺寸,给出了测量结果。
Laser 3D digitization technique includes obtaining the surface point data of 3D real object with laser methods, implementing data pretreatment, creating and interavtively editing 3D surface models in computer and other correlative research fields. The technique integrates optics, mechanics, electronics and algorithms and commands increasing applications, such as medical diorthosis, reverse engineering and rapid prototyping manufacture, ergonomics and garment design and manufacture, 3D animation and virtual reality etc.
With 3D data set, especially human body contour data obtained from Laser 3D-scanning system as research objects the data pre-processing is first carried out, and then suface mesh reconstruction based on local-flatness property and projection is studied in detail. After surface mesh editing and optimization, including mesh smoothing, mesh hole filling and mesh simplification, the algorithm for skeleton extraction from 3D mesh models using radial basis functions and gradient rapid descent is presented, and the human animation on the basis of joint-skeleton links is performed. As the last key content of the subject human key sizes auto-measurement is implemented.
The main innovations are as follows:
(1) Pre-processing human body contour point data set. The method based on distance fuzzy logic judgement to delete noise and stray points from point cloud is presented and the algorithm for auto-adjust human orientation and the human auto-partition based on human feature points are introduced. Iterative corresponding points (ICP) algorithm is used to registrate point cloud from multi-sensor.
(2) A 3D Data surface meshes reconstruction algorithm based on projection that makes use of local-flatness property of 3D surface is proposed. This method can recognize the holes and boundaries automatically, and by taking full advantage of characteristics of human contour data reconstruction time can be shortened. After surface reconstruction is completed, the mesh editing and optimization methods are discussed, including mesh-smoothing algorithm based on spring model and lower-pass filter, hole-filling algorithm using grey prediction GM(1,1), and mesh simplification algorithm based on mesh cell contraction under the rule of quadric error metric.
(3) The 3D skeleton extraction from surface mesh models and human model animation based on skeleton are implemented. Firstly apply radial basis functions to implicit represent 3D mesh models, and by using gradient rapid descent method 3D skeletons can be computed and obtained. Locate the joints on the human body skeleton by manual and set the properties of each joint and so build up joint-skeleton links. After binding the skin vertices to corresponding joints by flexible model the human animation is implemented.
(4) Human body key sizes automatic measurement is implemented. First use animation algorithm to change body posture to stand posture and squat posture in order to satisfy measurement requirements. Algorithms for locating feature points based on human suface mesh model are introduced. After 9 surface feature points and 4 feature joints are found out, the 38 key sizes, which are very useful in ergonomics and garment design and manufacture fields are measured and the results for male and female models are acquired respectively.
本文以三维数据场,特别是人体轮廓线数据场为对象,实现数据场的预处理,重点解决三维表面网格重建问题,研究网格平滑、孔洞填补和网格简化等模型编辑与优化算法。提出基于径向基函数和梯度最速下降法相结合的骨架提取算法,实现基于关节骨架链的人体模型动画算法。最后完成了人机工效学和服装设计中人体立姿和坐姿关键尺寸测量。主要创新点如下:
(1)对人体轮廓线数据场进行预处理。提出基于距离模糊逻辑判断删除轮廓线噪声的方法和基于人体特征的人体朝向自动调整算法,应用迭代对应点匹配算法自动对齐多传感器数据。
(2)提出一种三维数据场表面重建算法并实现网格的编辑优化。利用曲面局平特性,提出基于投影的三角网格重建算法,并根据人体轮廓线数据特点优化邻域搜索以加快重建速度;网格编辑优化包括基于弹性模型的迭代低通滤波网格平滑、基于灰色预测GM(1,1)模型的孔洞填补和基于二次误差测度的单元折叠网格简化算法。
(3)实现三维模型骨架自动提取和人体计算机动画算法。提出基于径向基函数空间曲面隐式表示和梯度最速下降法相结合的三维模型骨架提取算法,通过在人体骨架上定位关节点,设定属性而生成关节骨架链,提出通过柔性模型绑定“皮肤点”到对应关节点以初步实现人体动画。
(4)完成人体关键尺寸,特别是人体坐姿尺寸的自动测量。应用动画算法将人体模型变形到测量姿势:站姿和坐姿。设计人体测点的自动定位算法,测量了人机工程学与服装设计中常用的38个人体关键尺寸,给出了测量结果。
Laser 3D digitization technique includes obtaining the surface point data of 3D real object with laser methods, implementing data pretreatment, creating and interavtively editing 3D surface models in computer and other correlative research fields. The technique integrates optics, mechanics, electronics and algorithms and commands increasing applications, such as medical diorthosis, reverse engineering and rapid prototyping manufacture, ergonomics and garment design and manufacture, 3D animation and virtual reality etc.
With 3D data set, especially human body contour data obtained from Laser 3D-scanning system as research objects the data pre-processing is first carried out, and then suface mesh reconstruction based on local-flatness property and projection is studied in detail. After surface mesh editing and optimization, including mesh smoothing, mesh hole filling and mesh simplification, the algorithm for skeleton extraction from 3D mesh models using radial basis functions and gradient rapid descent is presented, and the human animation on the basis of joint-skeleton links is performed. As the last key content of the subject human key sizes auto-measurement is implemented.
The main innovations are as follows:
(1) Pre-processing human body contour point data set. The method based on distance fuzzy logic judgement to delete noise and stray points from point cloud is presented and the algorithm for auto-adjust human orientation and the human auto-partition based on human feature points are introduced. Iterative corresponding points (ICP) algorithm is used to registrate point cloud from multi-sensor.
(2) A 3D Data surface meshes reconstruction algorithm based on projection that makes use of local-flatness property of 3D surface is proposed. This method can recognize the holes and boundaries automatically, and by taking full advantage of characteristics of human contour data reconstruction time can be shortened. After surface reconstruction is completed, the mesh editing and optimization methods are discussed, including mesh-smoothing algorithm based on spring model and lower-pass filter, hole-filling algorithm using grey prediction GM(1,1), and mesh simplification algorithm based on mesh cell contraction under the rule of quadric error metric.
(3) The 3D skeleton extraction from surface mesh models and human model animation based on skeleton are implemented. Firstly apply radial basis functions to implicit represent 3D mesh models, and by using gradient rapid descent method 3D skeletons can be computed and obtained. Locate the joints on the human body skeleton by manual and set the properties of each joint and so build up joint-skeleton links. After binding the skin vertices to corresponding joints by flexible model the human animation is implemented.
(4) Human body key sizes automatic measurement is implemented. First use animation algorithm to change body posture to stand posture and squat posture in order to satisfy measurement requirements. Algorithms for locating feature points based on human suface mesh model are introduced. After 9 surface feature points and 4 feature joints are found out, the 38 key sizes, which are very useful in ergonomics and garment design and manufacture fields are measured and the results for male and female models are acquired respectively.
引文
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