多功能干燥试验设备及智能测控系统研制
|
摘要
当前食品加工技术的一个重要发展趋势是最大限度地保持食品的营养和色香味，而干燥工艺和设备的选择对食品产品的营养、色香味有很大影响。同时干燥过程的节能是涉及面广的长远课题，研究开发新型高效节能的农产品干燥工艺和设备是一项重要的任务。自我国加入WTO组织以来，农产品出口面临激烈的国际市场竞争以及人们对食品安全的关注，农产品出口面对西方国家设置的“绿色壁垒”，改进农产品加工方法、提高干制品品质、研制新型节能的干燥设备，就成了本课题研究的内容。
本文介绍了本课题组研制的气调干燥试验设备。该设备以物理方法(降氧)取代化学方法实现提高干制品品质的目的，并利用内循环热泵节能除湿原理降低了干燥过程的能牦。
本文研制了一整套的智能测控系统，保证干燥过程中干燥室的温度、湿度、氧含量等的稳定与均匀，并初步完成对干燥物料机理与干燥工艺的分析与优化选择的处理软件。
系统的智能测控由上下位机实现，下位机可单独工作。下位机采用MCS-51单片机，实现对设备环境参数的采集、处理、显示、设置与模糊控制。上位机管理软件由VB6.0程序实现，完成环境数据的存储、数字曲线图表显示、在线监测控制与最终数据的分析处理，建立专家知识库等功能。
最后通过茶试验，表明气调干燥对茶叶品质的提高具有显著影响，并得到制作绿茶的最优因素条件：杀青时间为9min、氧含量为9％、气体温度60℃，和相应的回归方程。
Drying as a part of a food process must follow the fundamental requirements of food production. These concern nutritional and sensorial aspects, traceability and food safety, and also minimizing processes losses, saving energy and water, reducing risks of pollution, etc. Technological trends in drying may be summarized in different complementary directions, all of them oriented towards improvement of final quality of products.
In this paper, to try to save energy of drying procedure, heat pump drying was used and to try to improve the quality of the dried product, oxygen content was deduced in a controlled atmosphere during the drying process.
The paper was introduced micro-controller application on automatic control food dryer, realized communication between single chip micro-controller and computer. A control system based on Fuzzy Logic was used and Visual Basic for applications offers a powerful object-oriented programming language in order to build an appropriate graphic interface.
The software of on-line measurement and intelligent prediction control of the drying process has functions of input of the initial parameters of the food, system setup, running and controlling, data inquiring, output and help, and so on. It makes use of a database to manage data measuring, displays all the mentioned parameters and their changing trend synchronously. It can trace back the history data inquired and print a report for manager.
Finally, after several experiments of drying green tea, the paper shows the results of the best conditions of making green tea and its regression equation.
本文介绍了本课题组研制的气调干燥试验设备。该设备以物理方法(降氧)取代化学方法实现提高干制品品质的目的，并利用内循环热泵节能除湿原理降低了干燥过程的能牦。
本文研制了一整套的智能测控系统，保证干燥过程中干燥室的温度、湿度、氧含量等的稳定与均匀，并初步完成对干燥物料机理与干燥工艺的分析与优化选择的处理软件。
系统的智能测控由上下位机实现，下位机可单独工作。下位机采用MCS-51单片机，实现对设备环境参数的采集、处理、显示、设置与模糊控制。上位机管理软件由VB6.0程序实现，完成环境数据的存储、数字曲线图表显示、在线监测控制与最终数据的分析处理，建立专家知识库等功能。
最后通过茶试验，表明气调干燥对茶叶品质的提高具有显著影响，并得到制作绿茶的最优因素条件：杀青时间为9min、氧含量为9％、气体温度60℃，和相应的回归方程。
Drying as a part of a food process must follow the fundamental requirements of food production. These concern nutritional and sensorial aspects, traceability and food safety, and also minimizing processes losses, saving energy and water, reducing risks of pollution, etc. Technological trends in drying may be summarized in different complementary directions, all of them oriented towards improvement of final quality of products.
In this paper, to try to save energy of drying procedure, heat pump drying was used and to try to improve the quality of the dried product, oxygen content was deduced in a controlled atmosphere during the drying process.
The paper was introduced micro-controller application on automatic control food dryer, realized communication between single chip micro-controller and computer. A control system based on Fuzzy Logic was used and Visual Basic for applications offers a powerful object-oriented programming language in order to build an appropriate graphic interface.
The software of on-line measurement and intelligent prediction control of the drying process has functions of input of the initial parameters of the food, system setup, running and controlling, data inquiring, output and help, and so on. It makes use of a database to manage data measuring, displays all the mentioned parameters and their changing trend synchronously. It can trace back the history data inquired and print a report for manager.
Finally, after several experiments of drying green tea, the paper shows the results of the best conditions of making green tea and its regression equation.
引文
[1]潘永康主编．现代干燥技术[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，1998．
[2]Mujumdar A.S..中国第五届干燥技术交流会论文集．1995，23-32．
[3]Arun S.Mujumdar. Research and Development in Drying:Recent Trends and Future Prospects, Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium, IDS'2002, 2002, China, Vol A, 1-18.
[4]Kudra,T., Mujumdar, A.S., 2002, Advanced Drying Technologies, Marcel Dekker, New York.
[5]Drying Technology. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1998, 14-20(in Chinese).
[6]张晓辛．食用菌干燥技术与设备．中国食用菌，1993，12(4)，42-45．
[7]王俊，许乃章．果蔬干燥机械简述．农机化研究，1994，(2)，43-47．
[8]孔凡真．食品真空冻干技术市场前景广阔．包装与食品机械，2001(1)，28-31．
[9]佘克明，王崎．热泵干燥技术的发展及其应用的前景[J]．肩岂源技术，2000,6(1)，36-37．
[10]韩东海，安部武美，尺田庆大．椎茸除湿干燥(第2报)[J]．农业机械学会志(日本)，1995，57(3)，29-36．
[11]A.S.Mujumdar 1999, Drying-innovtion technology and trends in the research and development, Beijing:Chemical Industry Development, (1).ZHANG Bi-guang et al. 1992, the comparison of several working style on the heat pump dehumidifier, China J.Forest Products Industry, (1).
[12]Nijhuis H.H.,Torringa H.M., Muresan S., Yuksel D., Leguijt C. and Kloek W. (1998). Approaches to improving the quality of dried fruit and vegetables. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 9, 13-20.
[13]L.Hassini, K.Smida, S.Azzouz, A.Belghith. Experimental Study of Drying Behaviour of an Agricultural Product, Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium, IDS'2002,2002,China,Vol A, 1457-1463.
[14]A.S.Mujumdar and M.I.Passos, Drying: Innovative Technologies and Trends in research and Development, Proceeding of the First Asian-Australian Drying Conference, Bali, Indonesia, 1999.
[15]A.S.Mujumdar,Handbook of Industrial Drying,2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995.
[16]Lee C Y, Kagan V, Jaworski A W, et al. Enzymatic Browning in Relation to Phenolic Compounds and Polyphenoloxidase Activity among Various Peach Cultivars[J]. J Agric Food Chen, 1990, (38), 99-101.
[17]X.D.Liu, X.Z. Wang, Y.K.Pan, C.W.Cao and D.Y.Liu. R&D of drying technology in China. Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium, IDS'2002,2002, China, Vol A, 49-63.
[18]刘宜生，杨梅芳等．氮气干制法对改善脱水蔬菜品质的研究．食品科学，1990,(5)，19-22．
[19]刘斌．利用纯氮气试制脱水菜．食品科学，1988,(1)，38-41．
[20]食品发编集部．食品产业干燥技术[J]．食品开发(日本)，2000，34(12)，27-31．
[21]周永吕，丁庆波等．南安板鸭脱氧剂封存保鲜研究[J]．肉禽蛋，1992，(6)，23-25．
[22]陆则坚，陆蒸，林启训等．气调干制技术与实验设备研究[J]．农业工程学报，2001，(11)，111-114．
[23]潘秀霞，陆则坚．气调干燥试验设备智能测控系统的研制．福建省科协第二届学术年会论文集，2002,80-82．
[24]曹承志编著．微型计算机控制新技术．北京：机械工业出版社,2001．
[25]王树青等编著．先进控制技术及应用．北京：化学工业出版社,2001．
[26]彭声亮．模糊控制技术的应用与发展评述，自动化与仪器仪表，1995，(1)，7-11．
[27]Perrot,N., Bonazzi, C.&Trystram, G. (1998). Application of fuzzy rules-based models to
prediction of quality degradation of rice and maize during hot air drying. Drying Technology 16(8), 1533-1565.
[28]Zhang,Q.and Lichtfield,J.B.(1990). Fuzzy expert sytems: a prototype for control of corn breakage during drying,Journal of Food Process Engineering, 12, 259-273.
[29]Labuza T.P. and Hyman C.R. 1998. Moistue Migration and control in multi-domain foods.Trends in food Science & technology, 9, 47-55.
[30]何书森，陆则坚，王则金．热泵干燥过程PID加Fuzzy温调的应用与实验[J]．农业机械学报，1999，(1)，49-53．
[31]李业德，李业刚．顺流式谷物烘干机的模糊控制系统[J]．农业工程学报，2002，(1)，162-164．
[32]李朝青编著．单片机原理及接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000．
[33]何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．
[34]何为民．低功耗单片微机系统设计．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1994．
[35]周航慈．单片机应用程序设计技术．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1991．
[36]李兰友．单片机开发应用十例．北京：电子工业出版社，1994．
[37]赵纯．便携式多功能测温仪的设计．电子与仪表，1997,(5)．
[38]TLC0838C, TLC0838I资料. http://www.p8s.com
[39]MAX6610资料. http://www.maxim-ic.com
[40]MC14499, lm331资料.http://www.mcu.com
[41]吴仲缄．智能化传感器中应用仪表放大器时应注意的问题，http://www.21ic.com.cn
[42]周迎春，杨学泉．X25043／45 E~2PROM及其与51系列微处理器的接口方法．[J]电子技术应用，2002，(5)，74-77．
[43]唐颖，阮文海．AT89C2051与MC14499构成显示、键盘接口电路．[J]电子技术，2002，(1)，47-49．
[44]北京博彦科技发展有限责任公司．Visual Basic编程高手，北京：北京大学出版社，
2000，(12)．
[45]魏江江编著．边用边学Visual Basic编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2000，33-35．
[46]清汉计算机工作室编著．Visual Basic 6.0数据库开发实例．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
[47]范逸之．Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制．北京：中国青年出版社，2000．
[48]Harvey M.Deitel,Paul J.Deitel,Tem R.Nieto著，于伟，王刚等译．Visual Basic 6 How to program,北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[49]林维宣．试验设计方法[M]．大连：大连海事大学出版社，1995．267-273．
[50]庄楚强．应用数理统计基础．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1993．
[51]林启训．绿竹笋热泵脱水的影响因素分析及工艺参数优化．[J]福建农业大学学报，2001，30(4)，532-537．
[52]林启训，陆蒸，陆则坚．板兔气调干制的影响因素分析和状态参数优化．[J]农业工程学报，2003，19(1)，159-161．
[53]三味工作室编写．SPSS V10.0 for Windows实用基础教程．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2000．
[2]Mujumdar A.S..中国第五届干燥技术交流会论文集．1995，23-32．
[3]Arun S.Mujumdar. Research and Development in Drying:Recent Trends and Future Prospects, Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium, IDS'2002, 2002, China, Vol A, 1-18.
[4]Kudra,T., Mujumdar, A.S., 2002, Advanced Drying Technologies, Marcel Dekker, New York.
[5]Drying Technology. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 1998, 14-20(in Chinese).
[6]张晓辛．食用菌干燥技术与设备．中国食用菌，1993，12(4)，42-45．
[7]王俊，许乃章．果蔬干燥机械简述．农机化研究，1994，(2)，43-47．
[8]孔凡真．食品真空冻干技术市场前景广阔．包装与食品机械，2001(1)，28-31．
[9]佘克明，王崎．热泵干燥技术的发展及其应用的前景[J]．肩岂源技术，2000,6(1)，36-37．
[10]韩东海，安部武美，尺田庆大．椎茸除湿干燥(第2报)[J]．农业机械学会志(日本)，1995，57(3)，29-36．
[11]A.S.Mujumdar 1999, Drying-innovtion technology and trends in the research and development, Beijing:Chemical Industry Development, (1).ZHANG Bi-guang et al. 1992, the comparison of several working style on the heat pump dehumidifier, China J.Forest Products Industry, (1).
[12]Nijhuis H.H.,Torringa H.M., Muresan S., Yuksel D., Leguijt C. and Kloek W. (1998). Approaches to improving the quality of dried fruit and vegetables. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 9, 13-20.
[13]L.Hassini, K.Smida, S.Azzouz, A.Belghith. Experimental Study of Drying Behaviour of an Agricultural Product, Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium, IDS'2002,2002,China,Vol A, 1457-1463.
[14]A.S.Mujumdar and M.I.Passos, Drying: Innovative Technologies and Trends in research and Development, Proceeding of the First Asian-Australian Drying Conference, Bali, Indonesia, 1999.
[15]A.S.Mujumdar,Handbook of Industrial Drying,2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995.
[16]Lee C Y, Kagan V, Jaworski A W, et al. Enzymatic Browning in Relation to Phenolic Compounds and Polyphenoloxidase Activity among Various Peach Cultivars[J]. J Agric Food Chen, 1990, (38), 99-101.
[17]X.D.Liu, X.Z. Wang, Y.K.Pan, C.W.Cao and D.Y.Liu. R&D of drying technology in China. Proceedings of the 13th International Drying Symposium, IDS'2002,2002, China, Vol A, 49-63.
[18]刘宜生，杨梅芳等．氮气干制法对改善脱水蔬菜品质的研究．食品科学，1990,(5)，19-22．
[19]刘斌．利用纯氮气试制脱水菜．食品科学，1988,(1)，38-41．
[20]食品发编集部．食品产业干燥技术[J]．食品开发(日本)，2000，34(12)，27-31．
[21]周永吕，丁庆波等．南安板鸭脱氧剂封存保鲜研究[J]．肉禽蛋，1992，(6)，23-25．
[22]陆则坚，陆蒸，林启训等．气调干制技术与实验设备研究[J]．农业工程学报，2001，(11)，111-114．
[23]潘秀霞，陆则坚．气调干燥试验设备智能测控系统的研制．福建省科协第二届学术年会论文集，2002,80-82．
[24]曹承志编著．微型计算机控制新技术．北京：机械工业出版社,2001．
[25]王树青等编著．先进控制技术及应用．北京：化学工业出版社,2001．
[26]彭声亮．模糊控制技术的应用与发展评述，自动化与仪器仪表，1995，(1)，7-11．
[27]Perrot,N., Bonazzi, C.&Trystram, G. (1998). Application of fuzzy rules-based models to
prediction of quality degradation of rice and maize during hot air drying. Drying Technology 16(8), 1533-1565.
[28]Zhang,Q.and Lichtfield,J.B.(1990). Fuzzy expert sytems: a prototype for control of corn breakage during drying,Journal of Food Process Engineering, 12, 259-273.
[29]Labuza T.P. and Hyman C.R. 1998. Moistue Migration and control in multi-domain foods.Trends in food Science & technology, 9, 47-55.
[30]何书森，陆则坚，王则金．热泵干燥过程PID加Fuzzy温调的应用与实验[J]．农业机械学报，1999，(1)，49-53．
[31]李业德，李业刚．顺流式谷物烘干机的模糊控制系统[J]．农业工程学报，2002，(1)，162-164．
[32]李朝青编著．单片机原理及接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000．
[33]何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999．
[34]何为民．低功耗单片微机系统设计．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1994．
[35]周航慈．单片机应用程序设计技术．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1991．
[36]李兰友．单片机开发应用十例．北京：电子工业出版社，1994．
[37]赵纯．便携式多功能测温仪的设计．电子与仪表，1997,(5)．
[38]TLC0838C, TLC0838I资料. http://www.p8s.com
[39]MAX6610资料. http://www.maxim-ic.com
[40]MC14499, lm331资料.http://www.mcu.com
[41]吴仲缄．智能化传感器中应用仪表放大器时应注意的问题，http://www.21ic.com.cn
[42]周迎春，杨学泉．X25043／45 E~2PROM及其与51系列微处理器的接口方法．[J]电子技术应用，2002，(5)，74-77．
[43]唐颖，阮文海．AT89C2051与MC14499构成显示、键盘接口电路．[J]电子技术，2002，(1)，47-49．
[44]北京博彦科技发展有限责任公司．Visual Basic编程高手，北京：北京大学出版社，
2000，(12)．
[45]魏江江编著．边用边学Visual Basic编程．北京：清华大学出版社，2000，33-35．
[46]清汉计算机工作室编著．Visual Basic 6.0数据库开发实例．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
[47]范逸之．Visual Basic与RS232串行通讯控制．北京：中国青年出版社，2000．
[48]Harvey M.Deitel,Paul J.Deitel,Tem R.Nieto著，于伟，王刚等译．Visual Basic 6 How to program,北京：电子工业出版社，2003．
[49]林维宣．试验设计方法[M]．大连：大连海事大学出版社，1995．267-273．
[50]庄楚强．应用数理统计基础．广州：华南理工大学出版社，1993．
[51]林启训．绿竹笋热泵脱水的影响因素分析及工艺参数优化．[J]福建农业大学学报，2001，30(4)，532-537．
[52]林启训，陆蒸，陆则坚．板兔气调干制的影响因素分析和状态参数优化．[J]农业工程学报，2003，19(1)，159-161．
[53]三味工作室编写．SPSS V10.0 for Windows实用基础教程．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2000．