双离合器自动变速器控制系统软件开发
|
摘要
双离合器自动变速器(DCT, Dual Clutch Transmission)是由平行轴式手动变速器发展而来的一种新型的自动变速器,它继承了手动变速器传动效率高、结构简单、安装空间紧凑等优点,克服了传统AMT换档动力中断的缺点,而且可利用现有的手动变速器生产设备,节省生产成本,已成为许多汽车变速器生产厂家关注的焦点,因而有着很好的发展前景。DCT变速器档位分为奇数档和偶数档,分别与两个离合器相连,在换档过程中,通过两个离合器的分离结合控制,能够实现动力性换档,提高了车辆的动力性、经济性以及舒适性。
汽车变速器系统控制软件是电控系统的核心,其控制性能直接影响到车辆的动力性、经济性和舒适性。本文围绕双离合器自动变速器软件系统的开发进行研究。主要研究内容包括:
①通过发动机性能实验数据的分析,研究发动机的性能。根据两参数换档规律的原则,设计CV11轿车的动力性和经济性换档规律。根据发动机目标恒转速控制原则,设计了起步策略。
②根据DCT系统控制框图,在Matlab中设计了模拟量、脉冲量、开关量和通过CAN通信传输的输入模块,并对执行结构的控制方法进行了设计。
③根据整车的P、R、N、D四个档位,设计出相应的控制系统,并给出其控制流程和在Simulink环境下具体的实现形式,设计了软件测试系统。
④开发控制系统的控制界面,设计了DCT起步、换档的实验测试方案。通过CCS将软件程序烧写进入TCU,在TCU中进行实验调试。通过测控系统上、下位机串口通信,对下位机传送到上位机的数据进行实时显示,并让上位机发出指令对执行机构进行控制。
Dual clutch transmission which is based on the existent lay shaft MT manufacture technique, inherits many advantages of the manual transmission such as high transmission efficiency, compact package space, and low cost . DCT also overcomes the shortcoming of power interruption in traditional AMT shifting. Current transmission production facilities can be available for saving cost, so many transmission manufacturers focus on DCT, and has good development future. DCT transmission stalls divided into odd and even gear, with two clutches connected, in the process of shifting, through two clutch engaging and disengaging control, dynamic shift can be achieved to enhance the momentum of the vehicles, economy and comfort. Automatic transmission system control software is the core of electronic control system. The vehicle dynamic, economic performance and comfort are effected by its performance. The dual-clutch automatic transmission software system is developed by this paper. Key elements include:
①The engine performances are researched according to the measurement of engine test data. According to two-parameter shift law, the dynamic and economic shift laws of CV11 are developed. According to target-constant-speed control principle, start-up strategy is developed.
②The DCT control system structure is researched. Based on the hydraulic acuator principle, the relevent acuator control subsystems are established.
③According to P, R, N and D gears, control models are established and control flows are also made. The realizations of the rules are founded in Simulink.The software test system is developed.
④The interface of control system is developed. Acuator, start-up and shift test scheme of DCT is developed.By using CCS, the programs are written into TCU. Startup and shift experiment are done by CCS. By using host computer and low computer serial port communication of measurement and control system, it is showed that the data which transmit from low computer to host computer, and send out instructions to control actuators through host computer.
汽车变速器系统控制软件是电控系统的核心,其控制性能直接影响到车辆的动力性、经济性和舒适性。本文围绕双离合器自动变速器软件系统的开发进行研究。主要研究内容包括:
①通过发动机性能实验数据的分析,研究发动机的性能。根据两参数换档规律的原则,设计CV11轿车的动力性和经济性换档规律。根据发动机目标恒转速控制原则,设计了起步策略。
②根据DCT系统控制框图,在Matlab中设计了模拟量、脉冲量、开关量和通过CAN通信传输的输入模块,并对执行结构的控制方法进行了设计。
③根据整车的P、R、N、D四个档位,设计出相应的控制系统,并给出其控制流程和在Simulink环境下具体的实现形式,设计了软件测试系统。
④开发控制系统的控制界面,设计了DCT起步、换档的实验测试方案。通过CCS将软件程序烧写进入TCU,在TCU中进行实验调试。通过测控系统上、下位机串口通信,对下位机传送到上位机的数据进行实时显示,并让上位机发出指令对执行机构进行控制。
Dual clutch transmission which is based on the existent lay shaft MT manufacture technique, inherits many advantages of the manual transmission such as high transmission efficiency, compact package space, and low cost . DCT also overcomes the shortcoming of power interruption in traditional AMT shifting. Current transmission production facilities can be available for saving cost, so many transmission manufacturers focus on DCT, and has good development future. DCT transmission stalls divided into odd and even gear, with two clutches connected, in the process of shifting, through two clutch engaging and disengaging control, dynamic shift can be achieved to enhance the momentum of the vehicles, economy and comfort. Automatic transmission system control software is the core of electronic control system. The vehicle dynamic, economic performance and comfort are effected by its performance. The dual-clutch automatic transmission software system is developed by this paper. Key elements include:
①The engine performances are researched according to the measurement of engine test data. According to two-parameter shift law, the dynamic and economic shift laws of CV11 are developed. According to target-constant-speed control principle, start-up strategy is developed.
②The DCT control system structure is researched. Based on the hydraulic acuator principle, the relevent acuator control subsystems are established.
③According to P, R, N and D gears, control models are established and control flows are also made. The realizations of the rules are founded in Simulink.The software test system is developed.
④The interface of control system is developed. Acuator, start-up and shift test scheme of DCT is developed.By using CCS, the programs are written into TCU. Startup and shift experiment are done by CCS. By using host computer and low computer serial port communication of measurement and control system, it is showed that the data which transmit from low computer to host computer, and send out instructions to control actuators through host computer.
引文
[1]荆崇波,苑士华,郭晓林.双离合器自动变速器及其应用前景分析[J].机械传动, 2005, 29(3): 56–58.
[2]金伦,程秀生,孙俐,等.双离合器自动变速器换挡特性研究[J].汽车工程, 2004, 26(4): 453–457.
[3]牛铭奎,葛安林.双离合器式自动变速器换挡特性研究[J].汽车工程, 2004-04: 452-457.
[4]牛铭奎,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速器简介[J].汽车工艺与材料, 2002-12:36–38
[5] Kegresse, A. Zahnraderwechselgetriebe fur Kraftfahrzeuge[J]. DE 894204, 1939.
[6] Francois Dovat. The revolutionary VW-Audi double clutch transmission[J]. 2002-12:36–38.
[7]姚小涛.双离合器自动变速器系统性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[8] Y. Zhang, X. Chen. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Dual-clutch Automated Lay-shaft Transmission[J]. Journal of University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2004.
[9]牛铭奎.双离合器自动变速器的开发与研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2003: 7~9.
[10]康海涛.双离合器自动变速器研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2004:15–18.
[11]陈荣桐.机械式自动变速器的全电动离合器的开发[D].长春:吉林大学,2005: 4~5.
[12]葛安林.自动变速器[M].汽车技术, 2001-10.
[13]冯樱,陶健民,罗永革.机械自动变速器(AMT)换档规律的研究[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2004, 18(1):1–4.
[14]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[15]雷晓东.电控机械自动变速系统换挡控制策略研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[16] GOETZ M, LEVESLEY M C, CROLLA D A. Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin-clutch transmissions[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D(Journal of Automobile Engineering), 2005, 219(D8):951–963.
[17] GOETZ M. Dynamic modeling of a twin clutch transmission for controller design[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2003(440–441): 253–260.
[18] REINHARD B, ROLF M, CARSTEN B. The parallel shift gearbox PSG[J]. LuK SYMPOSICM, 2002(11–12): 197–210.
[19]刘振军,秦大同.车辆双离合器自动变速器传动技术研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报, 2005, 36(11): 161–164.
[20] Richard G. Reed, Jr., Oak, Jeffrey P Cherry, Troy. Method of Controlling a TransmissionHaving a Dual Clutch System[J]. US 6463821B1, 2002-10-15.
[21] Shushan Bai, Robert L. Moses, Todd Schanz and Michael J. Gorman. Development of a New Clutch-to-clutch Shift Control Technology[J]. SAE, 1999-01.
[22] M. Goetz, M C Levesley, D A Crolla. Dynamics and control of Gearshifts on Twin-Clutch Transmission[J]. Drive system technique.Vol.20(3),37~40.
[23]雷雨龙,葛安林,李永军.离合器起步过程的控制策略[J]汽车工程, 2000, vol. 22(4): 266–267.
[24]孙冬野,秦大同.汽车离合器局部恒转速起步自动控制研究[J].机械工程学报, 2003, 39(11):108–111.
[25]刘振军.基于人_车_路环境下的汽车电控机械自动变速智能控制研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[26]李永强,宋希庚,薛冬新. CAN局域网及J1939协议在货车和客车上的运用[J].汽车工程,2003, (4): 377-379, 352.
[27]刘永木,刘望生,李洪泽. SAE J1939标准下的汽车CAN通讯报文/帧格式[J].长春工业大学学报, 2003,(1):53-55.
[28]王志敏. CAN总线在汽车电子系统中的应用[D].安徽:合肥工业大学, 2008.
[29]杨伟斌,吴光强,秦大同.双离合器自动变速器传动系统建模及换挡特性[J].机械工程学报, 2007, 43(7): 188–194.
[30]刘金琨.先进PID控制及其MATLAB仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[31]舒怀林. PID神经元网络及其控制系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2003.
[32]张勇.电控机械式自动变速器换档品质自适应控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学, 1997.
[33]葛安林,沈波. AMT换档品质的研究[J].汽车技术, 2003, (2): 43–44.
[34]金伦.双离合器自动变速器的开发[D].长春:吉林工业大学, 2003.
[35]张勇.电控机械式自动变速器换档品质自适应控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学, 1997.
[36]葛安林,沈波. AMT换档品质的研究[J].汽车技术, 2003, (2): 43–44.
[37]齐星刚,赵刚,李原.在MATLAB/Simulink平台上DSP代码的自动生成[J].中国测试技术, 2005, (31): 87-88.
[38]郑人杰.计算机软件测试技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1992.
[39]唐科.软件仿真环境下的嵌入式软件测试的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学, 2005.
[40]韦雄,祝轲卿,徐权奎等.基于V型平台的电控柴油机预热控制策略开发[J].车用发动机, 2007, (4):55-58.
[41]祝轲卿,徐权奎,王俊席等.自动代码生成工具在电控柴油机喷油系统控制软件开发中的应用[J].内燃机, 2006, (5): 12-15.
[42] J. J. Moskwa, J. K. Hedrick. Automotive Engine Modeling for Real Time Control Application[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987: 341–346.
[43] B. K. Powell, J. A. Cook. Nonlinear Low Frequency Phenomenological Engine Modeling and Analysis[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987: 332–340.
[44]李长文,张付军,黄英,等.基于dSPACE系统的电控单元硬件在环发动机控制仿真研究[J],兵工学报, 2004,7.
[45]江义华. Delphi7完美经典[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2003.
[46] (美)坎图. Delphi从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[47]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊. TMS320X281XDSP原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004.
[48] [美]德州仪器.集成开发环境(CCS)使用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[49]彭启琮.DSP集成开发环境—CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005.
[50]崔建华,郭瑞军. Delphi串口通信工程开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2003.
[2]金伦,程秀生,孙俐,等.双离合器自动变速器换挡特性研究[J].汽车工程, 2004, 26(4): 453–457.
[3]牛铭奎,葛安林.双离合器式自动变速器换挡特性研究[J].汽车工程, 2004-04: 452-457.
[4]牛铭奎,葛安林等.双离合器式自动变速器简介[J].汽车工艺与材料, 2002-12:36–38
[5] Kegresse, A. Zahnraderwechselgetriebe fur Kraftfahrzeuge[J]. DE 894204, 1939.
[6] Francois Dovat. The revolutionary VW-Audi double clutch transmission[J]. 2002-12:36–38.
[7]姚小涛.双离合器自动变速器系统性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[8] Y. Zhang, X. Chen. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Dual-clutch Automated Lay-shaft Transmission[J]. Journal of University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2004.
[9]牛铭奎.双离合器自动变速器的开发与研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2003: 7~9.
[10]康海涛.双离合器自动变速器研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2004:15–18.
[11]陈荣桐.机械式自动变速器的全电动离合器的开发[D].长春:吉林大学,2005: 4~5.
[12]葛安林.自动变速器[M].汽车技术, 2001-10.
[13]冯樱,陶健民,罗永革.机械自动变速器(AMT)换档规律的研究[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报, 2004, 18(1):1–4.
[14]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2000.
[15]雷晓东.电控机械自动变速系统换挡控制策略研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[16] GOETZ M, LEVESLEY M C, CROLLA D A. Dynamics and control of gearshifts on twin-clutch transmissions[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D(Journal of Automobile Engineering), 2005, 219(D8):951–963.
[17] GOETZ M. Dynamic modeling of a twin clutch transmission for controller design[J]. Materials Science Forum, 2003(440–441): 253–260.
[18] REINHARD B, ROLF M, CARSTEN B. The parallel shift gearbox PSG[J]. LuK SYMPOSICM, 2002(11–12): 197–210.
[19]刘振军,秦大同.车辆双离合器自动变速器传动技术研究进展分析[J].农业机械学报, 2005, 36(11): 161–164.
[20] Richard G. Reed, Jr., Oak, Jeffrey P Cherry, Troy. Method of Controlling a TransmissionHaving a Dual Clutch System[J]. US 6463821B1, 2002-10-15.
[21] Shushan Bai, Robert L. Moses, Todd Schanz and Michael J. Gorman. Development of a New Clutch-to-clutch Shift Control Technology[J]. SAE, 1999-01.
[22] M. Goetz, M C Levesley, D A Crolla. Dynamics and control of Gearshifts on Twin-Clutch Transmission[J]. Drive system technique.Vol.20(3),37~40.
[23]雷雨龙,葛安林,李永军.离合器起步过程的控制策略[J]汽车工程, 2000, vol. 22(4): 266–267.
[24]孙冬野,秦大同.汽车离合器局部恒转速起步自动控制研究[J].机械工程学报, 2003, 39(11):108–111.
[25]刘振军.基于人_车_路环境下的汽车电控机械自动变速智能控制研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2005.
[26]李永强,宋希庚,薛冬新. CAN局域网及J1939协议在货车和客车上的运用[J].汽车工程,2003, (4): 377-379, 352.
[27]刘永木,刘望生,李洪泽. SAE J1939标准下的汽车CAN通讯报文/帧格式[J].长春工业大学学报, 2003,(1):53-55.
[28]王志敏. CAN总线在汽车电子系统中的应用[D].安徽:合肥工业大学, 2008.
[29]杨伟斌,吴光强,秦大同.双离合器自动变速器传动系统建模及换挡特性[J].机械工程学报, 2007, 43(7): 188–194.
[30]刘金琨.先进PID控制及其MATLAB仿真[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[31]舒怀林. PID神经元网络及其控制系统[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2003.
[32]张勇.电控机械式自动变速器换档品质自适应控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学, 1997.
[33]葛安林,沈波. AMT换档品质的研究[J].汽车技术, 2003, (2): 43–44.
[34]金伦.双离合器自动变速器的开发[D].长春:吉林工业大学, 2003.
[35]张勇.电控机械式自动变速器换档品质自适应控制研究[D].长春:吉林工业大学, 1997.
[36]葛安林,沈波. AMT换档品质的研究[J].汽车技术, 2003, (2): 43–44.
[37]齐星刚,赵刚,李原.在MATLAB/Simulink平台上DSP代码的自动生成[J].中国测试技术, 2005, (31): 87-88.
[38]郑人杰.计算机软件测试技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1992.
[39]唐科.软件仿真环境下的嵌入式软件测试的研究[D].成都:电子科技大学, 2005.
[40]韦雄,祝轲卿,徐权奎等.基于V型平台的电控柴油机预热控制策略开发[J].车用发动机, 2007, (4):55-58.
[41]祝轲卿,徐权奎,王俊席等.自动代码生成工具在电控柴油机喷油系统控制软件开发中的应用[J].内燃机, 2006, (5): 12-15.
[42] J. J. Moskwa, J. K. Hedrick. Automotive Engine Modeling for Real Time Control Application[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987: 341–346.
[43] B. K. Powell, J. A. Cook. Nonlinear Low Frequency Phenomenological Engine Modeling and Analysis[J]. Proc. ACC, 1987: 332–340.
[44]李长文,张付军,黄英,等.基于dSPACE系统的电控单元硬件在环发动机控制仿真研究[J],兵工学报, 2004,7.
[45]江义华. Delphi7完美经典[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2003.
[46] (美)坎图. Delphi从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[47]徐科军,张瀚,陈智渊. TMS320X281XDSP原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004.
[48] [美]德州仪器.集成开发环境(CCS)使用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.
[49]彭启琮.DSP集成开发环境—CCS及DSP/BIOS的原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005.
[50]崔建华,郭瑞军. Delphi串口通信工程开发实例导航[M].北京:人民邮电出版社, 2003.