摘要
本论文是对华蓥山隧道监控系统进行调查研究的基础上完成的。
首先,研究了目前工控领域中常见的两种控制网络——现场总线、工业以太网及其基础理论,其中涉及到两种网络的特点、种类、优缺点、应用现状等。在阐述工业以太网较现场总线具有诸多优点的基础上,研究了几个典型的关于现场总线与工业以太网融合的协议。针对华蓥山隧道监控系统的情况,对Modbus协议做了进一步的分析。
然后研究了华蓥山隧道监控系统的组成、功能、网络结构及其配置,以及上下位机软件,其中包括组态软件的主要特点。
提出了将Internet与华蓥山隧道监控系统集成,实现HTSCS系统的远程监控。探讨了基于嵌入式模块的工业以太网代替Modbus Plus现场总线的较详细设想方案以便真正地实现隧道监控系统从上到下的开放性和现场设备间的实时通信。
鉴于系统性能(包括时延、可靠性等)对于监控系统是极为重要的,因而单独安排一章节来研究。分析、计算了网络的平均传送时延,通过对比、分析计算结果得出影响HTSCS系统令牌环网平均传送时延的主要因素。采用状态空间法来分析系统的可靠性。提出了华蓥山隧道监控系统的马尔可夫可靠性模型,并通过简化模型达到便于计算的目的;然后提出了三种提高系统可靠性的方法,并逐一分析这些方法的利弊,通过分析选用了冗余方法来提高系统的可靠性;利用已有的数据计算了系统的可靠度和平均故障间隔时间,证明了HTSCS系统具有较高的可靠性。这为工程应用提供了理论依据。
This thesis has been completed on the basis of the investigation of the Huayingsha Tunnel Supervisory Control System (HTSCS).
At first, the principal theory about two kinds of control network ( i.e. fieldbus and industrial Ethernet ) is studied , which have become common in industrial control field in recent years . They concern individual specialities , catagory advantages , disadvantages ,applied situation, and so on .After it is set that there are more advantages about industrial Ethernet over fieldbus , a few typical protocols are studied about combination of fieldbus and industrial Ethernet. Modbus protocol is continuously analyzed, which exists in the HTSCS .
And then , the contents , function , network structure and setup about HTSCS are discussed , as well as the software of the distribution terminals and executing terminals, and the communication between them.
Internet and Supervisory Control Systems (SCS) are integrated in order to obtain long-hae long-haul supervisory control; the detailed scheme of replacing fieldbus with industrial Ethernet based on embedded module are given , so as to make tunnel supervisory systems really open and communication between field devices realtime.
Because of the very importance of systems' performance , an individual chapter follows. The average time lag in network transfer are analyzed and calculated . The main factors which caused the average lag time about data transfer in the Token Ring Network are known , through the comparison and analysis of the computing results .The State Space Theory is used to analyze the reliability of HTSCS in detail. The Markov reliability models of HTSCS are given and in order to make calculation easy, these models are simplified . Systems' reliability can be better in three ways and the advantages and disadvantages of each way follow . Here , the certain units'stand-bys are finally selected to improve the reliability . The calculating results of the reliability and MTBF( Mean Time Between Failure ) of HTSCS show that the reliability about HTSCS is higher, which can fulfill the actual requirement .The above analysis provides a sound theoretical basis for engineering application.
引文
[1]钱清泉编著,电气化铁道微机监控技术,中国铁道出版社,2000年6月第一版:1-3
[2]吕康成主编,隧道工程试验检测技术,人民交通出版社,2001年8月:1-2
[3]高速公路隧道监控系统简介,珠海越川自动化系统工程有限公司
[4]阳宪惠主编,现场总线技术及其应用,清华大学出版社,1999年6月第一版:1-7
[5]张志学、肖志坏、李朝晖,以太网与现场总线,工业控制计算机,2001,第七期:2
[6]郑文波,控制网络技术,清华大学出版社,2001:1-10
[7]杨金奇、刘学军,LonWorks在电力系统中的应用,工业控制计算机,2002,第五期:21-22
[8]Modbus Protocol, Schneider Electric Manual,工控及自动化2002客户年会资料
[9]Modbus Plus Network Planning and Installution Guide 890 USE 100 00 Version 3.0: 2-4
[10]Modicon Modbus Plus Network I/O Servicing Guide
[11]张公忠,现代网络技术教程,电子工业出版社,2000年1月:87-123
[12]李嘉,杨细福,引入以太网技术是现场总线技术发展的一个必然趋势,自动化仪表,2001,5:1-4
[13]成功,杨细福等,以太网在现场总线中的应用和前景,计算机工程,2001,12:1
[14]杨金奇、刘学军,工业以太网技术及其应用现状与发展,四川工业学院学报,2002年第三期
[15]魏庆福,现场总线技术的发展与工业以太网综述,工业控制计算机,2002年:1-5
[16]IEA (Industrial Ethernet Association), http://www.industrialethernet.com
[17]IAONA(Industrial Automation Open Networking Alliance ),http://www.iaona.com
[18]Caro R H. Ethernet will transform fieldbus. Hydrocarbon Processing, Jun. 2000: 25-26
[19]Jim Montague,What's left to say about industrial ethernet ,Control Engineering, May 2001:31
[20]Ralph Mackiewicz Rick Daniel ,Ethernet TCP/IP: An Effective Real-time Agent with a Track Record, May 1999
[21] 林强、杨宪惠,现场总线及其网络集成,测控技术,1999年第五期:21
[22] 杨志勇、李胜,Modbus Plus网络在公路隧道群监控中的应用,广东自动化与信息工程,2001年第3期:29-30
[23] 解金山、陈宝珍,光纤数字通信技术,电子工业出版社,1997,10:56-58
[24] Modicon Fiber Optic Repeaters User's Guide
[25] Modicon Concept V2.1编程软件 培训资料:65-66
[26] 王念春,基于Modbus协议的PC与下位机PLC间通信程序,自动化仪表,2001,8:44-45
[27] 柯冬香,设备网与计算机工业通信,工业控制计算机,1999年第2期:21
[28] 张俊平、诸昌钤,基于LAN的列车通信网络模拟及其性能分析,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002年:27-30
[29] A.Thomasian and H.Kanakia. Performance Study of Loop Networks Using Buffer Insertion. Computer Networks 3 (1999): 2-4
[30] 周炯磐.通信网理论基础.北京:人民邮电出版社,1996:31-32
[31] JK哈蒙德、PJP奥赖利,计算机局域网性能分析,人民邮电出版社,1991年:257-279
[32] 吴秋峰.自动化系统计算机网络.北京:机械工业出版社,2001:41
[33] P.J.P. O' Reilly. A New Technique for Performance Studies of CSMA/CD Local Networks .Ph.D.diss.,Georgia Inst.of Technology May 2001: 20
[34] 清源计算机工作室编著,MATLAB 6.0基础及应用,机械出版社,2001年5
[35] 郭波、武小悦等,系统可靠性分析,国防科技大学出版社,2002年1月:19-21
[36] GJB451-90.可靠性维修术语:71
[37] Guo B. [ph.D Dissertation] Scheduling Problems with Consideration of Machine Reliability. Tokyo: Science University of Tokyo, 1999:40
[38] Christer A H,Wang W,Sharp J M.A State Space Monitoring Model for Furnace Erosion Prediction and Replacement. European Journal of Operational Research, 1997,101:1—14
[39] Zhang F,Guo B,Wang Z.Rerouting with Considering Communication Network Reliability.Dalian: The Proceeding of the 5th ICRMS,2001,541-546
[40] Yeh F M,Kuo S Y.BDD-based network reliability calculation. Electronics Letters, 1997,33(4):759-760
[41] 叶立新,电铁远动系统可靠性数字仿真,西南交通大学硕士学位论文,1992:63
[42] 黄玉衍著,系统可靠性实用计算方法,科学出版社,1996年:31
[43] Kane. Fieldbuses embrancing Ethernet. Hydrocarbon Processing, Nov. 1999: 65
[44] Szymanski J W.Embedded Internet Technology in Process Control Devices,Porto,Portugal, WFCS-2000: 15-16
[45] Anoymous. Ethernet simplifies monitoring and diagnostics Machine Design;Cleveland;Aug 17,2000: 18
[46] 郑文波,Intranet与Infranet集成技术。工业控制计算机,1999:8
[47] W.Bux and Schlatter. An Approximate Method for the Perfomance Analysis of Buffer Insertion Rings. IEEE Tran on Comm COM—31, no.l(Jan 2000)
[48] B.K.Penney and A.A.Baghdadi. Survey of Computer Communications Loop Networks: Pt. 1 and 2.Computer Comm2(1998)
[49] Jeffrey J L.Global Infrastructure Control Networks: 81
[50] 刘学军,基于FACTS的电力系统调度与控制技术的研究,西南交通大学博士学位论文,1997:5
[51] 徐皑冬、王宏,基于以太网的工业控制网络,信息与控制,2000年4月:182
[52] 陶波、丁汗、熊有伦,基于嵌入式Internet的工业控制,测控技术,2001年第8期:8
[53] The Embedded Internet[R].Scenix White Paper
[54] Reza S R.Control Network and the Internet.http://www.echelon.com
[55] Effectively Managing Real-world Assets. OPTO22 White Paper
[56] RCM2200 User Manual.Z-World Whitepaper, 2001
[57] Hirschman Automation Technology And Network Scheme,Hirschmann Whitepaper,2001
[58] 面向总线多微机系统的SPN分析与模拟,刘学军,西南交大硕士学位论文1984,5
[59] 李群湛,系统可靠性原理,西南交通大学内部教材,2002,1:85—120