基于上下文感知的移动设备自适应用户界面设计研究
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摘要
用户界面设计的优劣直接关系到移动设备是否易用,能否给用户带来良好的体验,决定着产品质量的成败。而受到移动性、计算能力、输入输出方式等诸多因素的限制、使得当前大多数移动设备的用户界面缺乏友好性,降低了用户在使用过程中的操作效率和主观满意度。根据移动设备的特点探讨新的人机交互模式,设计具有良好可用性的用户界面,是当前移动计算领域的重要课题。
为此,本文基于上下文感知开展移动设备自适应用户界面设计的关键技术研究及应用,其主要内容及成果包括以下几个方面:
(1)结合移动设备上下文的种类、获取和处理等,引入活动理论建立上下文的描述框架,将不同类型的上下文与相应的活动要素进行映射,使上下文与具体的人机交互活动紧密结合,在此基础上对活动不同层次下的上下文作用,不同类型活动的响应作用进行深入分析。
(2)基于分布式认知、用户体验、可用性等方面探讨自适应用户界面的设计原则,重点分析自适应过程的触发、控制权分配等,建立自适应图谱、启发矩阵工具进行自适应原则的分析与选择,为具体的设计实践提供理论基础与指导。
(3)应用粗糙集的有关方法处理不完备和不一致的上下文信息,建立上下文驱动的界面设计知识表达系统,在此基础上对设计知识进行推理和属性约简,得到形式简洁和易于使用的自适应界面设计知识决策表。
(4)分析移动设备用户界面的交互模式和可视化设计,研究支持自适应机制的界面变体设计和导航结构设计方法,并提出了基于形状文法的自适应图标设计和垂直推送的菜单设计技术及其应用。
(5)以手机为例,论述了自适应用户界面设计的具体流程和实践方法,设计了自适应名片夹和自适应亮度调节原型系统,并通过主观问卷、眼动跟踪等手段结合实验室测试与实地测试对自适应界面的可用性进行评估,验证了本文自适应界面设计方法、技术的有效性和可行性。
It is important to take account of the user interface design for the mobile devices, as the design determines the ease for use, good user experience and even the whole product. However, the most mobile user interfaces currently show lack of friendships with users because of the mobility, limitations of input, output, and computing ability. Hence, to improve the users' performances and satisfactions, it need to import a new way of human-computer interaction for mobile user interface, which could has a good usability.
This paper proposes the approaches for design the adaptive mobile user interface based on context awareness, and the main contents of research have been shown as follows:
1. We explored the category of mobile contexts and their data collections and processes for the awareness, and produced the framework for contexts based on activity theory. Contexts were mapped with factors from activity to describe the mobile interactions. Then we analyzed the contexts' effects in the different hierarchies of activity model and the different kinds of interactions.
2. Most related works ignored the base of users need for adaptive mobile user interface, and had no design principles. Hence we did research on the user interface design principles which took account of distributed recognition, user experience, and usability and so on. We also proposed adaption map and heuristic matrix as the tools for the principles' analysis, which aimed to make decisions about when and how to trigger the adaptions, and how to make balance for controlling during the adaption process between users and systems. Theses could give the guide for the design in practice.
3. For the imperfection and uncertainty of the mobile context information, we modeled the context driven user interface design knowledge representation system based on rough sets. The decision tables' condition attributions in the knowledge systems could be reducted, and it made the adaption rules' inference and related user interface design knowledge simply, which could be applied into the design practices easily.
4. Then, we analyzed the interaction patterns and information visualizations for mobile user interface, and proposed the design technology to support the variants and dynamic navigation structures for the adaption. Besides, the instance of how to design the adaptive icons based on shape grammar and vertical pushed menus were described.
5. At last, we took the cell phone for the example to describe the design process for the mobile adaptive user interface, such as the user need analysis, interaction design included. A prototype was introduced which had the adaptive contact lists and indication icons for adaptive illumination adjusting. And the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design approaches in this paper were illustrated through the usability evaluations in the end, which combined the both lab studies and fields interviews, especially including questionnaires and eye-tracking.
为此,本文基于上下文感知开展移动设备自适应用户界面设计的关键技术研究及应用,其主要内容及成果包括以下几个方面:
(1)结合移动设备上下文的种类、获取和处理等,引入活动理论建立上下文的描述框架,将不同类型的上下文与相应的活动要素进行映射,使上下文与具体的人机交互活动紧密结合,在此基础上对活动不同层次下的上下文作用,不同类型活动的响应作用进行深入分析。
(2)基于分布式认知、用户体验、可用性等方面探讨自适应用户界面的设计原则,重点分析自适应过程的触发、控制权分配等,建立自适应图谱、启发矩阵工具进行自适应原则的分析与选择,为具体的设计实践提供理论基础与指导。
(3)应用粗糙集的有关方法处理不完备和不一致的上下文信息,建立上下文驱动的界面设计知识表达系统,在此基础上对设计知识进行推理和属性约简,得到形式简洁和易于使用的自适应界面设计知识决策表。
(4)分析移动设备用户界面的交互模式和可视化设计,研究支持自适应机制的界面变体设计和导航结构设计方法,并提出了基于形状文法的自适应图标设计和垂直推送的菜单设计技术及其应用。
(5)以手机为例,论述了自适应用户界面设计的具体流程和实践方法,设计了自适应名片夹和自适应亮度调节原型系统,并通过主观问卷、眼动跟踪等手段结合实验室测试与实地测试对自适应界面的可用性进行评估,验证了本文自适应界面设计方法、技术的有效性和可行性。
It is important to take account of the user interface design for the mobile devices, as the design determines the ease for use, good user experience and even the whole product. However, the most mobile user interfaces currently show lack of friendships with users because of the mobility, limitations of input, output, and computing ability. Hence, to improve the users' performances and satisfactions, it need to import a new way of human-computer interaction for mobile user interface, which could has a good usability.
This paper proposes the approaches for design the adaptive mobile user interface based on context awareness, and the main contents of research have been shown as follows:
1. We explored the category of mobile contexts and their data collections and processes for the awareness, and produced the framework for contexts based on activity theory. Contexts were mapped with factors from activity to describe the mobile interactions. Then we analyzed the contexts' effects in the different hierarchies of activity model and the different kinds of interactions.
2. Most related works ignored the base of users need for adaptive mobile user interface, and had no design principles. Hence we did research on the user interface design principles which took account of distributed recognition, user experience, and usability and so on. We also proposed adaption map and heuristic matrix as the tools for the principles' analysis, which aimed to make decisions about when and how to trigger the adaptions, and how to make balance for controlling during the adaption process between users and systems. Theses could give the guide for the design in practice.
3. For the imperfection and uncertainty of the mobile context information, we modeled the context driven user interface design knowledge representation system based on rough sets. The decision tables' condition attributions in the knowledge systems could be reducted, and it made the adaption rules' inference and related user interface design knowledge simply, which could be applied into the design practices easily.
4. Then, we analyzed the interaction patterns and information visualizations for mobile user interface, and proposed the design technology to support the variants and dynamic navigation structures for the adaption. Besides, the instance of how to design the adaptive icons based on shape grammar and vertical pushed menus were described.
5. At last, we took the cell phone for the example to describe the design process for the mobile adaptive user interface, such as the user need analysis, interaction design included. A prototype was introduced which had the adaptive contact lists and indication icons for adaptive illumination adjusting. And the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed design approaches in this paper were illustrated through the usability evaluations in the end, which combined the both lab studies and fields interviews, especially including questionnaires and eye-tracking.
引文
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