加筋强风化软岩粗粒土路堤填料工程性质及应用研究
|
摘要
依托湖南省张桑公路工程,以加筋强风化软岩粗粒土路基填料为研究对象,从研究强风化软岩填料基本物理力学性质入手,采用国内先进的大三轴仪进行固结不排水和固结排水剪切试验；通过现场试验,开展加筋强风化软岩路堤填筑技术研究；基于试验成果,利用有限差分法分析高填路堤分层填筑过程中在自重作用下的变形和力学性状以及加筋、雨水入渗对高填土路堤变形和力学性状的影响。主要研究成果有：
1.通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析、X光衍射试验及化学分析研究软岩的微观结构及成分构成；用洒水和吹晒循环试验,模拟软岩在大气中的自然崩解过程,分析崩解矿物颗粒分布特征；同时对软岩的压实特性、水稳特性及路用工程力学特性等问题进行研究。从不同角度揭示了强风化软岩填料的工程性质。
2.采用国内先进的大型三轴试验仪,进行固结不排水和固结排水条件下的大试样的加筋粗粒土三轴试验。在大量大三轴试验的基础上,对固结不排水和固结排水条件下加筋强风化软岩粗粒土路堤填料的强度变形特性进行深入研究。试验结果表明：加筋填料的应力-应变关系表现为应变硬化型；轴向应变较小(εa<1%)时,加筋效果表现得不明显,随着轴向应变的逐渐增大,加筋作用逐渐发挥；加筋填料的孔隙水压力均高于素填料,随着加筋层数的增加均有不同程度的提高；加筋效果系数均大于1.0,一层加筋填料加筋效果系数1.09～1.21,二层加筋填料加筋效果系数1.30～1.71,三层加筋填料加筋效果系数1.31～1.72；准粘聚力原理仍适用于加筋强风化软岩填料,加筋前后填料的内摩擦角φ值基本相同,加筋填料强度的提高主要体现在增大了填料的粘聚力；加筋填料的本构关系可以采用邓肯-张E-v模型描述。
3.结合工程实际,开展加筋强风化软岩路堤填筑技术研究,提出了具有很强针对性及工程应用价值的施工控制技术及质量检测方法,为加筋强风化软岩粗粒土路基填料路堤的设计、施工提供了科学参考。
4.根据地形地貌条件、地质结构特征,建立三维地质结构分析模型；采用VC++6.0编程进行软件二次开发,将邓肯-张E-v模型嵌入FLAC数值分析软件中,模拟分析高填路堤分层填筑过程中在自重作用下的变形和力学性状以及加筋对张桑二级公路高填土路堤变形和力学性状的影响。
5.分析降雨入渗机理,结合张桑公路工程实践,研究常用路堤降雨入渗深度计算公式的适应性。计算实例表明Pradel & Raad公式比较接近实际情况。同时,分析降雨入渗对土体强度的影响,并采用FLAC强度折减法模拟分析雨水入渗对高填路堤附加变形及稳定性的影响。
With the support of Zhang-sang highway which is going to be built, this paper studies on the main engineering properties of reinforced badly weathered soft rock granular soil embankment fillings. Physical and mechanics tests are conducted to study the physical mechanics properties of badly weathered soft rock fillings. The large-scale consolidated-drained and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests are carried out on reinforced soft rock granular soil fillings. Constructing technology on geosynthetic badly weathered soft rock embankment are studied by field tests. Based on experimental data, Finite difference method are used to analyze deformation and mechanical behavior of high filled embankment under dead weight in layer filling process with considering reinforcement and rain penetration. Main achievements are concluded as follows:
1. The microstructure and composition of badly weathered soft rock fillings are researched by means of SEM, x-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. The natural collapsing process of soft rocks at the atmosphere is simulated through tests of cyclic watering, blowing and sunning, and the grading of soft rock crumbling pellets is also investigated. At the same time, compaction property, water-stable ability and mechanical characteristics for road are also studied. The engineering properties of badly weathered soft rock fillings are discussed from various aspects.
2. In order to study the deformation properties and geotextile reinforcement effect of the geotextile soft rock granular soil fillings, the large scale triaxial tests were carried out. The tests showed the hardening strain in deformation properties of geotextile-soil samples. There exists puny geotextile reinforcement effect while axial strain is less than 1%, and the geotextile reinforcement effect showed more clearly with the increase of axial strain. The pore water pressure of geotextile-soil samples is higher than that of pure granular soil samples, and the pore water pressure of geotextile-soil increases with the geotextile layers. The geotextile reinforced effect coefficients were lager than 1.0, with 1.09～1.21 for one layer geotextile,1.30～1.71 for one layer geotextile,1.31～1.72 for one layer geotextile. The mechanism of geotextile soft rock granular soil fillings still obeys the principle of "quasi- cohesion". Its inner friction angelφnearly kept changeless, while its cohesion force c increases with the increase of geotextile layers. The constitutive relations of reinforced fillings may be described in Ducan-chang E-v model, and the parameters of Duncan-Chang model for geotextile-soil were identified from the tests.
3. With the practical examples in engineering, the filling technology of geosynthetic badly weathered soft rock granular soil fillings embankments is thoroughly studied. Directed and engineering-valuable construction control technology and quality test method were obtained, which can be scientific references in the design and constructions of geosynthetic badly weathered soft rock granular soil fillings embankments.
4. In accordance with topography and geologic framework features on site of Zhang-sang highway project, three dimensions geologic structure analysis model is set up. The computational procedure is developed by editing program with VC++6.0 Language, and Ducan-chang E-v model is embedded into the FLAC numerical simulating software which is used to analyze deformation and mechanical behavior of high filled embankment under dead weight in layer filling process.
5. Based on the infiltration mechanism and engineering practice, the commonly used infiltration depth calculation formula for road embankments is analyzed, and practice application suggested that the Pradel & Raad formula is adaptable for calculating the infiltration depth in embankment. Taking in to account decrease in the strength for rain penetration, FLAC strength reduction method is used for analyzing the influence of rain penetration on additional settlement and stability of high filled embankments.
1.通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析、X光衍射试验及化学分析研究软岩的微观结构及成分构成；用洒水和吹晒循环试验,模拟软岩在大气中的自然崩解过程,分析崩解矿物颗粒分布特征；同时对软岩的压实特性、水稳特性及路用工程力学特性等问题进行研究。从不同角度揭示了强风化软岩填料的工程性质。
2.采用国内先进的大型三轴试验仪,进行固结不排水和固结排水条件下的大试样的加筋粗粒土三轴试验。在大量大三轴试验的基础上,对固结不排水和固结排水条件下加筋强风化软岩粗粒土路堤填料的强度变形特性进行深入研究。试验结果表明：加筋填料的应力-应变关系表现为应变硬化型；轴向应变较小(εa<1%)时,加筋效果表现得不明显,随着轴向应变的逐渐增大,加筋作用逐渐发挥；加筋填料的孔隙水压力均高于素填料,随着加筋层数的增加均有不同程度的提高；加筋效果系数均大于1.0,一层加筋填料加筋效果系数1.09～1.21,二层加筋填料加筋效果系数1.30～1.71,三层加筋填料加筋效果系数1.31～1.72；准粘聚力原理仍适用于加筋强风化软岩填料,加筋前后填料的内摩擦角φ值基本相同,加筋填料强度的提高主要体现在增大了填料的粘聚力；加筋填料的本构关系可以采用邓肯-张E-v模型描述。
3.结合工程实际,开展加筋强风化软岩路堤填筑技术研究,提出了具有很强针对性及工程应用价值的施工控制技术及质量检测方法,为加筋强风化软岩粗粒土路基填料路堤的设计、施工提供了科学参考。
4.根据地形地貌条件、地质结构特征,建立三维地质结构分析模型；采用VC++6.0编程进行软件二次开发,将邓肯-张E-v模型嵌入FLAC数值分析软件中,模拟分析高填路堤分层填筑过程中在自重作用下的变形和力学性状以及加筋对张桑二级公路高填土路堤变形和力学性状的影响。
5.分析降雨入渗机理,结合张桑公路工程实践,研究常用路堤降雨入渗深度计算公式的适应性。计算实例表明Pradel & Raad公式比较接近实际情况。同时,分析降雨入渗对土体强度的影响,并采用FLAC强度折减法模拟分析雨水入渗对高填路堤附加变形及稳定性的影响。
With the support of Zhang-sang highway which is going to be built, this paper studies on the main engineering properties of reinforced badly weathered soft rock granular soil embankment fillings. Physical and mechanics tests are conducted to study the physical mechanics properties of badly weathered soft rock fillings. The large-scale consolidated-drained and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests are carried out on reinforced soft rock granular soil fillings. Constructing technology on geosynthetic badly weathered soft rock embankment are studied by field tests. Based on experimental data, Finite difference method are used to analyze deformation and mechanical behavior of high filled embankment under dead weight in layer filling process with considering reinforcement and rain penetration. Main achievements are concluded as follows:
1. The microstructure and composition of badly weathered soft rock fillings are researched by means of SEM, x-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. The natural collapsing process of soft rocks at the atmosphere is simulated through tests of cyclic watering, blowing and sunning, and the grading of soft rock crumbling pellets is also investigated. At the same time, compaction property, water-stable ability and mechanical characteristics for road are also studied. The engineering properties of badly weathered soft rock fillings are discussed from various aspects.
2. In order to study the deformation properties and geotextile reinforcement effect of the geotextile soft rock granular soil fillings, the large scale triaxial tests were carried out. The tests showed the hardening strain in deformation properties of geotextile-soil samples. There exists puny geotextile reinforcement effect while axial strain is less than 1%, and the geotextile reinforcement effect showed more clearly with the increase of axial strain. The pore water pressure of geotextile-soil samples is higher than that of pure granular soil samples, and the pore water pressure of geotextile-soil increases with the geotextile layers. The geotextile reinforced effect coefficients were lager than 1.0, with 1.09～1.21 for one layer geotextile,1.30～1.71 for one layer geotextile,1.31～1.72 for one layer geotextile. The mechanism of geotextile soft rock granular soil fillings still obeys the principle of "quasi- cohesion". Its inner friction angelφnearly kept changeless, while its cohesion force c increases with the increase of geotextile layers. The constitutive relations of reinforced fillings may be described in Ducan-chang E-v model, and the parameters of Duncan-Chang model for geotextile-soil were identified from the tests.
3. With the practical examples in engineering, the filling technology of geosynthetic badly weathered soft rock granular soil fillings embankments is thoroughly studied. Directed and engineering-valuable construction control technology and quality test method were obtained, which can be scientific references in the design and constructions of geosynthetic badly weathered soft rock granular soil fillings embankments.
4. In accordance with topography and geologic framework features on site of Zhang-sang highway project, three dimensions geologic structure analysis model is set up. The computational procedure is developed by editing program with VC++6.0 Language, and Ducan-chang E-v model is embedded into the FLAC numerical simulating software which is used to analyze deformation and mechanical behavior of high filled embankment under dead weight in layer filling process.
5. Based on the infiltration mechanism and engineering practice, the commonly used infiltration depth calculation formula for road embankments is analyzed, and practice application suggested that the Pradel & Raad formula is adaptable for calculating the infiltration depth in embankment. Taking in to account decrease in the strength for rain penetration, FLAC strength reduction method is used for analyzing the influence of rain penetration on additional settlement and stability of high filled embankments.
引文
[1]杨成忠.陡坡上高填石路堤稳定性和沉降观测理论及应用研究：[博士学位论文].南京：南京林业大学,2008
[2］顾子刚,方左英,姚祖康等.公路设计手册·路基.北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[3]Hsai-yang Fang. Foundation engineering handbook 2nd edition. U.S.:Engineering Division. Fritz Engineering laboratory. Lehigh University,1990,339～350
[4]刘耀宗,杨灿文等.土工合成材料应用手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[5]Koerner R M. Emerging and future development of geosynthetic applications. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2006,126(4):293～306
[6]杨锡武,欧阳仲春.加筋高路堤陡边坡离心模型试验研究.北京：土木工程学报,1989,33(4)：88～92
[7]魏红卫.加筋高陡路堤稳定性及其涵管受力特性研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2005
[8]郑明新,方焘,刁心文等.风化软岩填筑路基可行性室内试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2005,26(增)：53～56
[9]胡长顺,黄辉华.高等级公路路基路面施工技术.北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[10]郭庆国著.粗粒土的工程特性及应用.北京：黄河水利出版社,1999
[11]司洪洋.关于砂卵石混凝土面板堆石坝垫层渗流的思考.南京：大坝观测与土工测试,2000,24(2)：1～4
[12]程展林,丁红顺.堆石料蠕变特性试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,26(4)：473～476
[13]张嘎,张建民.土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤模型用于单桩与地基相互作用分析.北京：工程力学,2006,23(2)：72～78
[14]Maranha das aneves E. Advances in rock fill structure. Netherlands Kluwer Acdemic Publishers,1991,89～91,221～236
[15]Parkin A K. Settliment rate behaviour of some fill dams in Australia. Proceeding of 11th ICSMFE, San Franciso:[s.n.],1985,2007～2010
[16]Matsuoko H, Geka H. A stress-strain model for granular materials considering mechanism of fabric change. Soil and Foundation,1983,23 (2):83～97
[17]Fitzpatrick MD, Liggins TB, Barnett R H W. Ten surveillance of Cethana Dam.14th ICOLD Congress, Rio de Janeiro Q.f2, R.51,1982,847～865
[18]Valanis K C. On the substance of Rivilin's remarks on the en-dochronic theory. International Journal of Solid Sand Structure,1981,17 (5):249～265
[19]日本土质工学会.粗粒料的现场压实.郭熙灵,文丹泽.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[20]韩世莲,周虎鑫,陈荣生.土和碎石混合料的蠕变试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,21(2)：190～194
[21]朱建华,李春华.章泽水库土坝异常变形分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1994,16(2)：98～106
[22]刘令瑶,崔亦昊,张广文.宽级配砾石土水利劈裂特性的研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1998,15(4)：112～116
[23]郭熙灵,胡辉,包承刚.堆石料颗粒破碎对剪胀性及抗剪强度的影响.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(3)：83～88
[24]饶锡保,何晓民,刘鸣.粗粒含量对砾质土工程性质影响的研究.武汉：长江科学院院报,1999,16(1)：21～25
[25]王协康,方铎,曹叔尤.宽级配卵石泥沙颗粒特性的分维值及其应用.武汉：长江科学院院报,1999,16(3)：27～32
[26]戴福初,李焯芬,王思敬.松散击实火山岩破残积土的应力应变特性及其对滑坡的意义.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(3)：257～262
[27]屈智炯.粗粒土在高土石坝的应用研究.成都：水电站设计,1998,(1)：83～88
[28]郭庆国,金亚玲.砂石滤层准则的研究与进展.南京：水利水电科技进展,2002,(1)：53～54
[29]王龙,冯德成.提高级配碎石基层使用性能的方法.西安：中国公路学报,2006,19(4)：40～45
[30]杨建国,陈谦应.土石混填路堤压力灌浆试验研究.北京：公路,2002,(11)：113～119
[31]董云,柴贺军.土石混合料振动压实特性的试验研究.成都：路基工程,2006,(5)：73～75
[32]袁海清.土石混和料大型击实试验研究.长沙：中南公路工程,2005,30(4)：200～202
[33]刘丽萍,折学森.土石混合料压实特性试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1)：206～210
[34]油新华.土石混合体野外水平推剪试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10)：1537～1540
[35]马松林,王龙,王哲人.土石混合料室内振动压实研究.西安：中国公路学报,2001,14(1)：5～8
[36]刘丽萍,折学森.山区土石料压实标准及其应用.北京：土工程学报,2006,39(2),122～125
[37](日)薄,宫林,小岛.采用软岩弃碴的大型填土的设计和施工.铁道部科学研究院译. 土与基础,1984,32(7)：35～38
[38]Teraghi K and Peck R B. Soil mechanics in engineering practice.2nd edition. John wiley & sons, NY.1967,52～65
[39]Gamble J C. Durability plasticity classification of shales and other argillaceous rock [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Illinois,1971,47～49
[40]Moriwaki Y. Causes of slaking in argillaceous material [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of California, Berkeley 1974,75～76
[41]Deo. Shales as embankment material[Ph.D. Dissertation] Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indian 1972,97～102
[42]Chapman D R. Shale degradation tests and system:A comparative study. Mscs thesis and joint highway research project report No.75～11. Purdue University,1975,50～53
[43]Bailey M J. Shale degradation and other parameters related to the construction of compacted embankments. Mscs thesis and joint highway research project report No.76-23. Purdue University,1976,72～75
[44]Skemptom A W. Slope stability of cuttings in brown London clay. Proc.9th Intl. Conf, Soil Mech. Found Eng., Tokyo V.1977,3,261～270
[45]Mariappa Surenda. Additive to control slaking in compacted shales[Ph.D. Dissertation]. Purdue University,1980,161～165
[46]Michael Edward botts. The effects of slaking on the engineering behavior of clay shales[Ph.D. Dissertation], graduate school of the University of Colorado,1986,85～89
[47]Yamaguchi H, Yoshida k, et al. Slaking and shear properties of mudstone. Rock Mechanics and Power Plants,1988, Balkema, Rotterdam:133～144
[48]Frempong E M. Comparative assessment of sand and lime stabilization of residual miraculous compressible for road construction. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 1995,13(4):181～198
[49]Frempong E M. Geotechnical properties of some assessment residual miraculous soils in the Kumasi Metropolitan. Bulletin of the international association of engineering geology and Geological Engineering,1994, (49):47～54
[50]Engin Caner Koncagul. Comparison of uniaxial compressive strength test and slake durability index values of shale samples from the breathtt formation, Kentucky [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Missouri-Rolia,1998,90～95
[51]David William Parish. Slake durability and engineering properties of Durham Triassic Basin rock [Ph.D. Dissertation]. North Carolina state University,2001,85～96
[52]廖红建,肖正华.等软岩填土材料的浸水沉降与防治.北京：工程勘察,2002,(1)： 1～4
[53]柏树田,周晓光等.软岩堆石料的物理力学性质.北京：水利发电学报,2002,79(4)：34～44
[54]熊跃华,刁心宏,郑明新.软岩填筑路基模型试验研究.南昌：华东交通大学学报,2004,21(4)：15～18
[55]赵明华,刘晓明,苏永华.含崩解软岩红层材料路用工程特性试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2005,27(6)：667～671.
[56]郑明新,方焘等.风化软岩填筑路基可行性室内试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2004,26(增)：53～56
[57]方焘,郑明新等.风化千枚状板岩填料力学特性试验研究.北京：铁道建筑,2007,(3)：67～69
[58]颜文,周丰峻,郑明新.长衡段软岩水理特性研究.南昌：华东交通大学学报,2004,22(2)：15～17
[59]卿启湘,王永和等.软岩填筑高速铁路路堤的室内试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2006,27(7)：1119～1125
[60]卿启湘,王永和等.软岩填料的长期沉降变形特性及分析.北京：岩土工程技术,2006,20(6)：282～286
[61]刘新喜,夏元友等.复杂应力下强风化软岩湿化变形试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5)：925～930
[62]刘新喜,夏元友等.强风化软岩路基填筑适宜性研究.武汉：岩土力学,2006,27(6)：903～907
[63]苏永华,刘晓明,赵明华.软岩崩解颗粒分布特征研究.北京：土木工程学报,2006,39(5)：102～106
[64]黄晓明,朱湘.公路土工合成材料应用原理.北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[65]Vidal M H. The development and future of reinforced earth. Proceedings of a symposium on earth reinforcement at the ASCE Annual Convention[C]. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 1978, 1～61
[66]陈忠达.公路挡土墙设计.北京：人民交通出版社,1999
[67]谢婉丽.黄土地区高填方加筋路堤变形与稳定性研究：[博士学位论文].西安：西北大学,2004
[68]McGown A, Andrawes K Z, Al-Hasani M M. Effect of inclusion properties on the behavior of sand. Getechnique,1978,28(3):327～346
[69]Schiosser F, Long N T. Recent result in French research on reinforced. Journal of the Construction Division, ASCE,1974,100(CO3):223～237
[70]Bell J R, Steward J E. Constructional and observation of fabric retained soil wall. In: International of Conference on the Use of Fabric in geotechnics L'Encole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees Vol. I, Paris, France,1977,85～90
[71]Broms B B. Polyester fabric as reinforcement in soil. In:International of Conference on the Use of Fabric in geotechnics L'Encole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees Vol. I, Paris, France,1977,123～128
[72]Puig J, Blivet J C, Pasquet P. Earth fill reinforced with synthetic fabric. In:International of Conference on the Use of Fabric in Geotechnics L'Encole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees Vol. I, Paris, France,1977,129～134
[73]Bell J R. Introduction to geotextiles for soil improvement. In:ASCE Session on the Use of Geotextiles for Soil Improvement, Poland American,1980,1～30
[74]Collios A, Delmas P, Giroud J P. Experiments on soil reinforcement with geotextiles. In: ASCE Session on the Use of Geotextiles for Soil Improvement, Poland American,1980, 53～73
[75]周神根.刚性面墙的加筋土挡墙.成都：路基工程,1996,67(4)：1～9
[76]Lo S C R, Li S Q, Gopalan M, Gao Z.背对背连接的土工合成材料加筋挡土墙的分析与设计.北京：路基工程,1997,75(6)：78～85
[77]姜燕玲.粉喷桩与土工格栅联合加固技术有限元计算中的几个问题.济南：山东轻工业学院学报,2002,16(4)：21～24
[78]赵维炳,雷国辉,陈永辉等.土工织物加筋与塑料板排水联合加固软基的计算方法研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1998,20(3)：61～65
[79]申桂花.秦沈客运专线土工格栅加筋土挡土墙的设计.成都：路基工程,2002,104(5)：17～19
[80]杨果林,邹银生.预张拉土工格栅加筋土挡墙工程应用与分析.湘潭：湘潭矿业学院学报,2002,17(3)：67～70
[81]肖衡林,王钊,张训祥.处理废弃轮胎的一种有效方法—轮胎加筋土结构.北京：环境工程,2002,20(3)：51～54
[82]王炳龙,周顺华,宫全美等.不同高度土工格室整治基床下沉病害的试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2003,25(2)：163～166
[83]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. Centrifugal and numerical modeling of reinforced embankments on soft clay installed with wick drains Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2001,19:23～44
[84]钱劲松,凌建民,黄琴龙.土工格栅加筋路堤的三维有限元分析.上海：同济大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(12)：1421～1426
[85]冯光乐.桥头引道沉降标准及台背回填加筋应用研究：[博士学位论文].上海：同济 大学,2002
[86]龚晓南,叶黔元,徐日庆.工程材料本构方程.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1995
[87]Clough G W, Ducan J M. Finite element analysis of retaining wall behavior. Journal soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE,1971,97 (12):1657～1674
[88]殷宗泽,朱泓,许国华.土与结构材料接触面的变形和数学模拟.南京：岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)：14～22
[89]张冬霁,卢延浩.一种与结构接触而模型的建立及其应用.南京：岩土工程学报,1998,20(6)：62～66
[90]Rowe R K, Skinner G D. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic reinforced retaining wall constructed on a layered soil foundation. Geotextiies and Geomembranes,2001,19: 387～412
[91]Chai J C, Minura N, Bergado D T, et al. Finite element analysis of embankment failure on soft subsoil. Geotechnical Engineering,1997,28 (2):249～276
[92]Fannin R J土工格栅加筋的荷载—应变—时间的野外观测试验.成都：路基工程,1995,(5)：63～69
[93]周志刚,郑健龙,李强.土工加筋材料处治填挖交界路基非均匀沉降设计方法研究.西安：中国公路学报,2003,16(1)：27～32
[94]徐林荣,华祖焜.加筋土陡边坡破坏模式的量化指标的合理选取.北京：铁道学报,1999,21(1)：72～76
[95]徐林荣,王永和,魏丽敏.加筋土地基筋带内力量测与分析.北京：中国铁道科学,1998,19(4)：95～102
[96]魏丽敏,华祖焜.加筋土陡边坡破坏模式的量化指标的合理选取.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(1)：15～21
[97]徐林荣,华祖焜,杨灿文.加筋土陡边坡状态评定的模糊聚类分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)：475～480
[98]Chungsik Y. Laboratory investigation of bearing capacity behavior of strip footing on geogrid-reinforced sand slope. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2001,19:279～298
[99]Borges J L, Cardoso A S. Structural behavior and parametric study of reinforced embankments on soft clays. Computer and Geotechnics,2001,28:209～233
[100]杜运新.预应力CFRP加筋土技术的应用与研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2003
[101]周志刚,张启森,郑健龙.交通荷载作用下防止路面开裂的桥联效应.西安：中国公路学报,1999,12(3)：27～34
[102]胡天国.铁路高路堤加筋土挡墙施工.北京：铁道建筑,2001,(11)：35～37
[103]杨果林,王永和.钢筋(煤矸石)混凝土网格式加筋土挡土结构强度特性与试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(5)：534～539
[104]魏丽敏,华祖焜.加筋土地基试验研究.长沙：长沙铁道学院学报,1999,17(3)：59～64
[105]徐家定.加筋复合地层软土地基施工技术.石家庄：石家庄铁道学院学报,2007,20(2)：111～114
[106]龚晓南.地基处理技术发展与展望.北京：中国水利水电出版社、知识产权出版社,2004
[107]何光春.加筋土工程设计与施工.北京：人民交通出版社,2000
[108]贺建清.地基处理.北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[109]王恩远,吴迈.工程实用地基处理手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[110]李希宁.土工织物加筋土用于砌石坝岸的研究.南京：大坝观测与土工测试,1996,20(2)：4～7
[111]李艳春,蒋志仁.弹簧单元模型用于分析土工格栅受力特性.西安：中国公路学报,1996,9(4)：38～42
[112]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路加筋土工程设计规范(JTJ 015-91).北京：人民交通出版社,1991
[113]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路加筋土工程施工技术规范(JTJ 035-91).北京：人民交通出版社,1991
[114]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路土工合成材料应用技术规范(JTJ 019-98).北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[115]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路土工合成材料试验规程(JTJ 060-98).北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[116]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路工程土工合成材料应用技术规范(TB 10118-99).北京：中国铁道出版社,1999
[117]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路路基结构物设计规则.北京：中国铁道出版社,1990,24～29
[118]中华人民共和国行业标准.水运工程土工织物应用技术规范(JTJ/T 239-98).北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[119]中华人民共和国行业标准.水利水电工程土工合成材料应用技术规范(SL/T225-98).北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[120]中华人民共和国行业标准.土工合成材料测试规程(SL/T 235-1999).北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[121]中华人民共和国国家标准.堤防工程设计规范(GB50286-98).：北京：中国计划 出版社,1998
[122]郑祖祯,顾家龙.土工织物在秦山核电厂工程中的应用.中国土工织物讨论会论文选集,1987,(5)：84～89
[123]喻泽红,魏红卫,邹银生.加筋红砂岩风化土强度和变形特性.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2007,24(15)：2770～2779
[124]赵明华,刘敦平,张玲.双向增强体复合地基工后沉降分析.北京：公路交通科技,2008,25(10)：26～30
[125]土志斌,李亮,邹金峰.斜坡地基上加筋路堤工作性状及稳定性研究.武汉：岩土力学,2008,29(8)：2189～2193
[126]程培峰,慕万奎,姜海洋等.土工格栅加固浅层软土地基的有限元分析.西安：中国公路学报,2008,21(2)：6～11
[127]李志清,胡瑞林,付伟等.土工格栅在加固高速公路路堤中的应用研究.武汉：岩土力学,2008,29(3)：795～799
[128]苗英豪,芦军,高传明等.土工格栅加筋陡边坡路堤压实特性及格栅长期变形研究.武汉：武汉工业大学学报,2008,32(1)：51～53
[129]苏艺,许兆义,王连俊.青藏高原多年冻土区铁路加筋路堤的变形特征研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,26(1)：115～119
[130]杨和平,郑健龙.云南楚大公路膨胀土的土性试验研究.西安：中国公路学报,2002,15(1)：10～14
[131]徐少曼,林瑞良,康进王.提高路堤下软基土工织物加筋效果的综合措施.西安：中国公路学报,2003,16(2)：42～44
[132]凌建民,钱劲松,黄琴龙.路基拓宽工程处治技术及效果.上海：同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(1)：45～49
[133]周晖,吴建奇.加筋土技术研究现状及发展趋势.鞍山：矿业工程,2005,3(6)：17～18
[134]Sridharan A, Singh H R. Effect of soil parameters on the friction coefficient in reinforced earth. Indian Geotechnical Journal,1988,18 (1):323～339
[135]Rao G V, Pandey S K. Evaluation of geotextile friction. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 1988,18 (1):77～105
[136]Lentz R W, Pyatt J N. Pull-out resistance of geogrids in sand. Transportation research record,1988,18 (8):48～55
[137]Palmeiar E M, Milligna W E. Scale and other factors affecting the results of pull-out tests of grids buried in sand. Geotechnique,1989,39 (3):511～524
[138]Triplett E J, Fox P J. Shear strength of HDPE Geomembrane/geosynthetic Clay Linear Interfaces Journal of Geotechnical and geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2001,127 (6):543～552
[139]O Rourke T D, Druschel S J, Netravali A N. Shear strength characteristics of sand-polymer interfaces. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1990,116 (3): 451～469
[140]Ragui F, Wilson-Fahmy, Robert M, et al. Experimental behavior of polymeric Geogrids in pullout. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1994,120 (4):661～677
[141]Ragui F, Wilson-Fahmy, Robert M, et al. Long-term pullout behavior of polymeric Geogrids. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1995,121 (10):723～728
[142]Jewell R A. Reinforcement bond capacity. Geotechnique,1989,39 (3):511～524
[143]Abramento M, Whittle A J. Analysis of pullout tests for planar reinforcements in soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1995,121 (6):476～485
[144]Abramento M, Whittle A J. Experimental evaluation of pullout analysis for planar soil reinforcements. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE,1995,121 (6):486～492
[145]Ahmet Pamuk, Dov Leschinsky, Hoe I, et al. Interaction behavior of Geogrids Embedded in clay subjected to static and repeated loads. Delware Transportation Institute, Report No.5,1997
[146]Shigenori Hayashi, Shahu J T, Keiji Watanabel. Changes in interface stress during pullout tests on geogrids strip reinforcement. Geotechnical testing Journal,1999,22:32～38
[147]Murugesan S, Mukesh M D. Geogrid reinforced embankment. Mohamed sathak Engineering. College, Kilakarai, T N, India,1999
[148]Zhenggui Wang, Werner Richwien. A study of soil-reinforcement interface friction. Journal of Geotechnical and geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2002,128 (1).92～94
[149]周志刚,郑健龙,张起森等.Netlon土工格栅与土界面性能的研究.长沙：长沙交通学院学报,1998,14(3)：34～39
[150]周志刚,郑健龙,张起森等.大型直剪试验的尺寸效应.长沙：长沙交通学院学报,1999,15(1)：47～49
[151]吴景海,陈环,王玲娟等.土工合成材料与土界面作用特性的研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2001,23(1)：90～93
[152]胡黎明,濮家骝.土与结构物接触面物理力学特性实验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2001,21(4)：431～435
[153]徐林荣.筋土界面参数测试方法合理选择研究.武汉：岩土力学,2003,24(3)：458～462
[154]徐超,叶观宝,董天林.土与土工材料界面特性实验分析.杭州：地基处理,2003, 14(3)：8～14
[155]刘文白,周健,苏跃红.风砂土基本性质及其与土工格栅作用试验.兰州：中国沙漠,2003,23(6)：697～702
[156]Vidal H. The principle of reinforced earth. Highway Res. Rec, No.282, NCR-HRB, Washington D. C.,1969,1-16
[157]Yang Z. Strength and deformation characteristics of reinforced sand [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Los Angeles. Calif. University of California,1972
[158]Ingold T S. Some observation on the laboratory measurement of soil geotextile bond. Geotextechnical Testing Journal,1982,5 (3/4):57-67
[159]Chandrasekaran B, Broms B B. Wong K S. Strength of fabric reinforced sand under axissymmetric loading. Geotexttechnica! and Geomembranes,1989,8:293-310
[160]Gray G H, Al-Refeai T. Behavior of fiber versus fiber-reinforced sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1986,112 (8):804-820
[161]吴景海.土工合成材料加筋的试验研究和有限元分析：[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2002
[162]赵爱根.加筋粘土的抗剪强度特性.南京：岩土工程学报,1988,10(1)：69～75
[163]邹新华,张起森,王天庆.加筋砂土三轴试验特性研究.长沙：长沙交通学院学报,1998,14(3)：55～62
[164]雷胜友.加筋黄土地三轴试验研究.西安：西安公路交通大学学报,2000,20(2)：1-5
[165]雷胜友.加筋土强度的新认识.西安：西安建筑工程学院学报,2000,17(3)：10～13
[166]吴景海,王德群,陈环.土工合成材料加筋砂土三轴试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2000,22(2)：199～204
[167]吴景海,王德群,王玲娟等.土工合成材料加筋的试验研究.北京：土木工程学报,2002,22(2)：93～99
[168]杨锡武,钟以明.筋材结构对其加筋土强度特性的影响研究.重庆：重庆交通学院学报,2002,21(1)：46～50
[169]保华富,周亦唐,赵川等.聚合物土丁格栅加筋碎石土试验研究.南京：岩土程学报,1999,21(2)：217～221
[170]保华富,龚涛.上工格栅加筋碎石土的强度和变形特性.北京：水利学报,2001,(6)：76～79
[171]黄英,保华富.加筋碎石土的抗剪强度特性研究.南京：大坝观测与土工测试,2000,24(5)：44～47
[172]赵川,周亦唐.土工格栅加筋碎石土大型三轴试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2001,22(4)：419～422
[173]赵川,周亦唐,余永强等.土工格栅加筋碎石土本构模型试验研究.武汉：武汉大学学报,2002,35(1)：33～38
[174]王琛,雷运波,刘浩吾等.加筋红土大型三轴试验研究.成都：四川大学学报,2003,35(4)：14～16
[175]李晓俊,白晓红,黄仙枝.土工带加筋碎石土本构关系的三轴研究.武汉：岩土力学,2004,25(增2)：57～60
[176]黄仙枝,白晓红.土工带加筋碎石的抗剪强度特性研究.武汉：岩土力学,2005,26(9)：1464～1468
[177]黄仙枝.土工带加筋碎石垫层地基的试验、应用及理论研究：[博士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2005
[178]黄仙枝,白晓红.土工带加筋碎石土大型三轴试验研究.北京：建筑结构学报,2005,26(2)：24～28
[179]杜运兴,尚守平,周芬CFRP加筋中砂的试验研究.长沙：湖南大学学报,2005,32(6)：28～31
[180]黄英,符必昌,金克盛等.不同排水条件下加筋红土三轴试验研究.昆明：昆明理工大学学报,2006,31(1)：56～60
[181]魏红卫,喻泽红,邹银生.排水条件对土工合成材料加筋黏土特性的影响.北京：水利学报,2006,37(7)：38～45
[182]陈群,朱分清,何昌荣.加筋土本构模型研究进展.北京：岩土工程技术,2003,(6)： 360～363
[183]Romstad K M, Herrmann L R, Shen C K. Integrated study of reinforced earth—Ⅰ: Theoretical formulation. Journal of the Geotechnical engineering division,1976,102 (5): 457～471
[184]Shen C K, Romstad K M, Herrmann L R. Integrated study of reinforced earth—Ⅱ: Behavior and design. Journal of the Geotechnical engineering division,1976,102 (6): 577～590
[185]石名磊,姚代禄.加筋土支挡结构数值分析研究.重庆：重庆交通学院学报,1994,13(4)： 78～84
[186]Karpurapu R, Bathurst R J. Behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls using the finite element method. Computers and Geotechnics,1995,17:279～299
[187]Sampaco C L. Behavior of welded wire mesh reinforced soil wall from field evaluation and finite element simulation [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Uath State University, Longon, Uath, USA,1996
[188]喻泽红,张启森.土工网与土相互作用机理的有限元分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(3)：76～82
[189]闫澍旺,Ben Barr.土工格栅与土相互作用的有限元分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(6)：56～60
[190]陈群.新型加筋土挡墙的原型观测、试验及计算分析：[硕士学位论文].成都：四川联合大学,2005
[191]孟松兔.加筋土结构(挡墙)有限元分析.杭州：浙江工业大学学报,1997,25(4)：350～355
[192]胡再强,陈存礼.加筋土机理与加筋补强地基有限元分析.北京：水利学报,1998,(增)：129～132
[193]丁金华,包承纲.软基和吹填土上加筋路堤的离心模型试验及有限元分析.北京土木工程学报,1999,32(1)：21～24
[194]徐少曼,洪昌华.土工织物堤坝软基的非线性分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(6)：56～60
[195]朱湘,黄晓明.有限元方法分析影响加筋路堤效果的几个因素.北京：土木工程学报,2002,35(6)：86～92,108
[196]喻泽红,邹银生,王贻荪.土工合成材料加筋边坡稳定性分析中的模量因素.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,26(6)：787～791
[197]李广信,陈轮,蔡飞.加筋土体应力变形计算的新途径.南京：岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)：46～53
[198]介玉新,李广信.纤维加筋土计算的新方法.北京：工程力学,1999,16(3)：81～89
[199]介玉新,李广信.加筋土数值计算的等效附加应力法.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(5)：614～616
[200]陈永辉.土工织物加筋堤坝地基的计算理论和方法研究：[博士学位论文].南京：河海大学,2000
[201]陈永辉,赵维炳,汪志强.一个加筋复合土体的本构关系.北京：水利学报,2002,(12)：26～32
[202]陈永辉,施建勇,马斌.土工织物加筋堤坝复合有限元分析方法.北京：水利学报,2003,27(1)：28～33
[203]张孟喜,孙钧.土工合成材料加筋土应变软化及弹塑性分析.北京：土木工程学报,1999,21(4)：439-443
[204]Harrison W J, Gerrard C M. Elastic theory applied to reinforced earth. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,1972,98 (12):1325～1345
[205]Gerrard C M. Reinforced earth:an orthorhombic material. Journal of the Geotechnical engineering,1982,108 (12):1460～1474
[206]Di Prisco C, Nova R. Constitutive model for soil reinforced by continuous threads. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1993,12 (2):161～178
[207]Shukla S K, Chandra S. Generalized mechanical model for Geosynthetic reinforced foundation soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1994,13 (12):813～825
[208]Yin J H. Nonlinear model of Geosynthetic reinforced granular fill over soft soil. Geosynthetics international,1997,4 (5):523～537
[209]Chen T-C, Chen R-H, Lin S-S. A nonlinear homogenized model applicable to reinforced soil analysis. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2000,18 (5):349～366
[210]Nejad Ensan M, Shahrour I. A simplified elastoplastic macroscopic model for the reinforced earth material. Mechanics Research Communication,2000,27 (1):349～366
[211]Sawicki A, Kazimierowicz-Frankowask K. Creep behavior of Geosynthetics. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1998,16 (6):365～382
[212]Sawicki A. Rheological model of Geosynthetic reinforced soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1999,17 (1):33～49
[213]Mohamed E E, John B K. New design method for reinforced sloped embankment. Engineering Structures,1997,19 (1):28～36
[214]王初生,王园,唐辉明.土工织物加筋柔性桥台合理间距的模型试验对比研究.北京：公路交通科技,2004,21(5)：36～38
[215]尹光志,魏作安,万玲等.细粒尾矿堆坝加筋加固模型试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6)：1030～1034
[216]杨庆,季大雪,栾茂田等.土工格栅加筋路堤边坡结构性能模型试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2005,25(8)：1243～1247
[217]上官云龙,史峰,栾茂田等.格栅加筋路堤边坡性能的试验研究及有限元分析.长春：吉林大学学报,2006,36(增)：80～83
[218]王虎妹,张力霆.土工格栅加筋粉煤灰堤坝的室内模拟试验研究.石家庄：国防交通工程与技术,2007,(4)：41～44
[219]胡幼常,邓伟,蔡运生等.双向土工格栅加筋路堤现场试验研究.北京：交通科技,2006,221(2)：80～83
[220]李雨辰,舒超.土工格栅加筋路堤结构性能试验研究.北京：科技资讯,2008,(27)：105～106
[221]Schofield A N. Cambridge geotechnical centrifuge operation. Geotechnique,1980,20: 227～238
[222]Taniguchi E, Koga Y, Yasuda S, et al. A study on stability analysis of reinforced embankments based on centrifuge model test. Proc. International Geotechnical Symposium On Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement, Fukuka, Japan 1988,167～172
[223]Zhang L, Hu T, Huang D, et al. Design of high reinforced embankment and centrifuge verification. Pro. International Conference on Soft Engineering, Science Press, Beijing, China,1993:56～61
[224]Bolton M D, Sharma J S. Embankments with base reinforcement on soft clay. Pro. International Conference on centrifugal 1994, Rotterdam:A. A. Balkema,1994,587～592
[225]Mandal J N, Joshi A A. Centrifuge Modeling of Geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft ground. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1996,14 (1):147～155
[226]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. Centrifuge modeling of an embankment on soft clay reinforced with a geogrid. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1996,14 (1):1～7
[227]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. Centrifugal and numerical modeling of reinforced embankment on soft clay installed with wick drains. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2001, 19 (1):23～44
[228]杨锡武,欧阳仲春.山区高等级公路加筋高路堤边坡研究.北京：公路交通科技,2001,18(1)：17～20
[229]苗英豪.土工格栅加筋加筋路堤机理研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2003
[230]Viswanadham B V S, Mahajan R. Modeling of geotextile reinforced highway slopes in a geotechnical centrifuge. Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects:Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004, Reston, VA:ASCE,2004,637～646
[231]陈胜立,张丙印,张建民等.软基上加筋防波堤的离心模型试验.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15)：2751～2756
[232]陈胜立,张建民,张丙印等.软土地基上土工织物加筋堤的离心模型试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2006,27(5)：3～6
[233]陈建峰,俞松波,叶铁峰等.软土地基加筋石灰土路堤离心模型试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2)：287～293
[234]俞松波,沈明荣,陈建峰等.离心模型试验中土工格栅拉力测量.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11)：2295～2301
[235]李鹏,张敬,闫澍旺.土工格栅加筋软基路堤的有限元分析.天津：中国港湾建设,1999,(2)：22～26
[236]周志刚,郑健龙,宋蔚涛.土工格栅加筋柔性桥台的机理分析.西安：中国公路学报,2000,13(1)：18～21
[237]张兴强、闫澍旺、邓卫东.交通荷载作用下土工格栅加筋路基的弹塑性分析.南京：振动工程学报,2001,14(3)：278～283
[238]朱分清.高路堤陡边坡加筋的有限元分析.成都：路基工程,2002,(1)：8～11
[239]范臻辉,王永和.土工格栅加筋高路堤边坡稳定性的弹塑性有限元分析.长沙：中南大学学报,2005,36(5)：904～910
[240]顾长存,杨庆刚,张铮.土工格栅加筋软土路堤的数值分析.南京：河海大学学报,2005,33(6)：677～681
[241]杨有海,苏在朝,夏琼.黄土路堤边坡浅层加筋加固机理分析及工程应用.北京：土木工程学报,2005,38(11)：84～88
[242]张小莉,张永兴.基于有限元法的加筋路堤影响因素分析.北京：土木工程学报,2005,38(11)：84～88
[243]王家鼎,谢婉丽,骆风涛.高填方加筋黄土路堤稳定性的有限元分析.长春：地理科学,2007,27(2)：268～272
[244]王吉利,刘金龙,彭圣平等.加筋路堤的有限元分析.北京：公路交通科技,2007,24(5)：55～58
[245]刘金龙,栾茂田,王吉利.土工织物加固软土路基的非线性有限元分析.成都：四川建筑科学研究,2008,34(6)：111～114
[246]俞永华,谢永利,杨晓华.西安：土工格室柔性搭板处治的路桥过渡段差异沉降三维数值分析.西安：中国公路学报,2007,20(4)：12～18
[247]柏巍,陈灯红,王乾峰.加筋路堤边坡的数值模拟分析.宜昌：灾害与防治工程,2007,(1)：1-5
[248]谭炜,贾致荣.格栅模量对加筋软基路堤关键位移的影响.重庆：地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(1)：162～165
[249]李志清,胡瑞林,付伟等.土工格栅在加固高速公路路堤中的应用研究.武汉：岩土力学,2008,29(3)：795～799
[250]胡幼常,张苡铭,林汉清等.土工格栅加筋路堤影响因素研究.武汉：武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008,32(2)：206～209
[251]Mein R G, Lason C L. Modeling infiltration during asteady rain. Water Resources Research,1973,9(2):384-394
[252]Freeze R A, Cherry J A. Groundwater. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1979
[253]Neuman S P, Narasimhan T N, Witherspoon P A. Application of mixed explicit-implicit finite element method to nonlinear diffusion-type problems. Finite Elements in Water Resources. London. Plymouth:Pentech Press,1977,1153～1186
[254]赤井浩一.日本土木工程手册《土力学》.杨灿文,周樱,何连生译.北京：中 国铁道出版社,1984
[255]Fredlund D G, Rahardjo H.非饱和土土力学.吴肖茗,石振华译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[256]Lam L, Frelund D G. A general limit equilibrium model for three-dimensional slope stability analysis. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1993,30(6):905-919
[257]黄俊,苏向明.土坝饱和—非饱和渗流数值分析方法研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1990,12(5)：30～39
[258]张家发.三维饱和非饱和稳定非稳定渗流场的有限元模拟.武汉：长江科学院院报,1997,14(3)：35～38
[259]陈虹,陈彤.堤坝饱和—非饱和渗流数值模拟.上海：水动力学研究与进展：A辑：,1997,12(3)：356～364
[260]唐红梅,陈洪凯,叶四桥.新疆天山公路翻浆土体毛细特性试验研究.重庆：重庆交通学院学报,2003,22(4)：45～48
[261]冯炜炜,陆会清,姚力.浅谈上的不同物质组成对毛细性的影响.乌鲁木齐：新疆有色金属,2004,29(2)：16～18
[262］ 董加瑞,王昂生.毛细作用下土壤水分扩散特性研究及试验.北京：北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(1)：50～57
[263]翁通.盐渍土毛细水作用及击实特性研究：[硕士学位论文].西安∶长安大学,2006
[264]李锐,赵文光,陈善雄.基于GEO-SLOPE的膨胀土路基毛细水上升分析.武汉：华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2006,23(s1)：36～39
[265]陈善雄,陈守义.考虑降雨的非饱和土边坡稳定性分析方法.武汉：岩土力学,2001,22(4)：44～45
[266]朱伟,山村和野.雨水、洪水渗透时河堤的稳定性.武汉：岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)：414～419
[267]Bodman C B, Coleman E A. Moisture and energy conduction duringdown-ward entry of water into soil. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.Proc.,1944,2(8):166～182
[268]Lumb P B. Slope failures in Hong. Kong Engineering Geologist,1975,34(8):31-65
[269]Pradel D, Raad G. Effect of permeability on surficial stability of homogeneous slopes. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(2):315～332
[270]Green W H, Ampt C A. Studies on soil physics:flow of air and water through soils. Journal of Agriculture Science,1911, (4) 1～24.
[271]李焯芬,汪敏.港渝两地滑坡灾害的对比研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3)：493～497
[272]李兆平,张弥.考虑降雨入渗影响的非饱和土边坡瞬态安全系数研究.北京∶土 木工程学报,2001,34(5)：57～61
[273]刘特洪,林天健.软岩工程设计理论与工程实践.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001,1～16
[274]中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体分级标准(GB50218-941).北京：中国计划出版社,1994
[275]任重阳,唐爱松.岩体工程质量分级应用研究.武汉：岩土力学,2003,24(增1)：53～57
[276]何满朝,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学.北京：科学出版社,2002,20～44
[277]苏永华,刘晓明,赵明华.软岩崩解物颗粒分布特征研究.北京：土木工程学报,2006,39(5)：102～106
[278]邱钰.软质粗粒土的工程力学特性与路基工程应用研究：[博士学位论文].南京：东南大学学报,2002
[279]东南大学交通学院.煤矸石在高速公路中的应用研究(室内试验报告).南京：东南大学2000
[280]陈明星.广佛高速公路软土地基处理试验研究.长沙：中南公路工程,1994,(3)47～55
[281]L.福斯布拉德著,甘杰贤等译.土石填方的振动压实.北京：人民交通出版社,1984
[282]牛建东,徐林荣.邓肯-张E-B模型参数对软土路堤沉降计算结果的影响.北京：工程地质学报,2005,13(4)：563～567
[283]高速公路丛书编委会.高速公路路基设计与施工.北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[284]张士宇,王瑞钢.降雨对高填土路堤的入渗深度的确定及有限元稳定分析.北京：路基工程,2004,(5)：17～21
[285]王瑞钢,闫澍旺,邓卫东.降雨作用下高填土质路堤边坡的渗流稳定分析.西安：中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：25～30
[286]Kostiakov P A, Hopmans J W, Schukking H, et al. Two-dimensional steady unsaturated water flow in heterogeneous soils with auto correlated soil hydraulic properties[J].Water Resource.1998, Vol24 (12):2005～2017
[287]Holtan H N. A concept for infiltration estimates in water shed engineering[J].USDA-ARS,1961,41～51
[288]Mezencev L A, Putkonen J. Determination of frozen soil thermal properties by heated needle probe. Permafr. Periglac. Process,2003,14:343～347
[289]Richards L A. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums. Physics,1931.Vol 1(3):18～33
[290]罗戴AA.土壤水.巴逢辰等译.北京：科学出版社,1964
[291]孟黔灵,姚海林,邱伦锋.吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的贡献.武汉：岩土力学,2001,22(4)：423～431
[292]刘小平.非饱和土路基水作用机理及其迁移特性研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2008
[293]邓卫东.高填路堤稳定性研究：[博士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2003
[2］顾子刚,方左英,姚祖康等.公路设计手册·路基.北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[3]Hsai-yang Fang. Foundation engineering handbook 2nd edition. U.S.:Engineering Division. Fritz Engineering laboratory. Lehigh University,1990,339～350
[4]刘耀宗,杨灿文等.土工合成材料应用手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[5]Koerner R M. Emerging and future development of geosynthetic applications. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2006,126(4):293～306
[6]杨锡武,欧阳仲春.加筋高路堤陡边坡离心模型试验研究.北京：土木工程学报,1989,33(4)：88～92
[7]魏红卫.加筋高陡路堤稳定性及其涵管受力特性研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2005
[8]郑明新,方焘,刁心文等.风化软岩填筑路基可行性室内试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2005,26(增)：53～56
[9]胡长顺,黄辉华.高等级公路路基路面施工技术.北京：人民交通出版社,2006
[10]郭庆国著.粗粒土的工程特性及应用.北京：黄河水利出版社,1999
[11]司洪洋.关于砂卵石混凝土面板堆石坝垫层渗流的思考.南京：大坝观测与土工测试,2000,24(2)：1～4
[12]程展林,丁红顺.堆石料蠕变特性试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,26(4)：473～476
[13]张嘎,张建民.土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤模型用于单桩与地基相互作用分析.北京：工程力学,2006,23(2)：72～78
[14]Maranha das aneves E. Advances in rock fill structure. Netherlands Kluwer Acdemic Publishers,1991,89～91,221～236
[15]Parkin A K. Settliment rate behaviour of some fill dams in Australia. Proceeding of 11th ICSMFE, San Franciso:[s.n.],1985,2007～2010
[16]Matsuoko H, Geka H. A stress-strain model for granular materials considering mechanism of fabric change. Soil and Foundation,1983,23 (2):83～97
[17]Fitzpatrick MD, Liggins TB, Barnett R H W. Ten surveillance of Cethana Dam.14th ICOLD Congress, Rio de Janeiro Q.f2, R.51,1982,847～865
[18]Valanis K C. On the substance of Rivilin's remarks on the en-dochronic theory. International Journal of Solid Sand Structure,1981,17 (5):249～265
[19]日本土质工学会.粗粒料的现场压实.郭熙灵,文丹泽.北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[20]韩世莲,周虎鑫,陈荣生.土和碎石混合料的蠕变试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,21(2)：190～194
[21]朱建华,李春华.章泽水库土坝异常变形分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1994,16(2)：98～106
[22]刘令瑶,崔亦昊,张广文.宽级配砾石土水利劈裂特性的研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1998,15(4)：112～116
[23]郭熙灵,胡辉,包承刚.堆石料颗粒破碎对剪胀性及抗剪强度的影响.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(3)：83～88
[24]饶锡保,何晓民,刘鸣.粗粒含量对砾质土工程性质影响的研究.武汉：长江科学院院报,1999,16(1)：21～25
[25]王协康,方铎,曹叔尤.宽级配卵石泥沙颗粒特性的分维值及其应用.武汉：长江科学院院报,1999,16(3)：27～32
[26]戴福初,李焯芬,王思敬.松散击实火山岩破残积土的应力应变特性及其对滑坡的意义.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(3)：257～262
[27]屈智炯.粗粒土在高土石坝的应用研究.成都：水电站设计,1998,(1)：83～88
[28]郭庆国,金亚玲.砂石滤层准则的研究与进展.南京：水利水电科技进展,2002,(1)：53～54
[29]王龙,冯德成.提高级配碎石基层使用性能的方法.西安：中国公路学报,2006,19(4)：40～45
[30]杨建国,陈谦应.土石混填路堤压力灌浆试验研究.北京：公路,2002,(11)：113～119
[31]董云,柴贺军.土石混合料振动压实特性的试验研究.成都：路基工程,2006,(5)：73～75
[32]袁海清.土石混和料大型击实试验研究.长沙：中南公路工程,2005,30(4)：200～202
[33]刘丽萍,折学森.土石混合料压实特性试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1)：206～210
[34]油新华.土石混合体野外水平推剪试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(10)：1537～1540
[35]马松林,王龙,王哲人.土石混合料室内振动压实研究.西安：中国公路学报,2001,14(1)：5～8
[36]刘丽萍,折学森.山区土石料压实标准及其应用.北京：土工程学报,2006,39(2),122～125
[37](日)薄,宫林,小岛.采用软岩弃碴的大型填土的设计和施工.铁道部科学研究院译. 土与基础,1984,32(7)：35～38
[38]Teraghi K and Peck R B. Soil mechanics in engineering practice.2nd edition. John wiley & sons, NY.1967,52～65
[39]Gamble J C. Durability plasticity classification of shales and other argillaceous rock [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Illinois,1971,47～49
[40]Moriwaki Y. Causes of slaking in argillaceous material [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of California, Berkeley 1974,75～76
[41]Deo. Shales as embankment material[Ph.D. Dissertation] Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indian 1972,97～102
[42]Chapman D R. Shale degradation tests and system:A comparative study. Mscs thesis and joint highway research project report No.75～11. Purdue University,1975,50～53
[43]Bailey M J. Shale degradation and other parameters related to the construction of compacted embankments. Mscs thesis and joint highway research project report No.76-23. Purdue University,1976,72～75
[44]Skemptom A W. Slope stability of cuttings in brown London clay. Proc.9th Intl. Conf, Soil Mech. Found Eng., Tokyo V.1977,3,261～270
[45]Mariappa Surenda. Additive to control slaking in compacted shales[Ph.D. Dissertation]. Purdue University,1980,161～165
[46]Michael Edward botts. The effects of slaking on the engineering behavior of clay shales[Ph.D. Dissertation], graduate school of the University of Colorado,1986,85～89
[47]Yamaguchi H, Yoshida k, et al. Slaking and shear properties of mudstone. Rock Mechanics and Power Plants,1988, Balkema, Rotterdam:133～144
[48]Frempong E M. Comparative assessment of sand and lime stabilization of residual miraculous compressible for road construction. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 1995,13(4):181～198
[49]Frempong E M. Geotechnical properties of some assessment residual miraculous soils in the Kumasi Metropolitan. Bulletin of the international association of engineering geology and Geological Engineering,1994, (49):47～54
[50]Engin Caner Koncagul. Comparison of uniaxial compressive strength test and slake durability index values of shale samples from the breathtt formation, Kentucky [Ph.D. Dissertation]. University of Missouri-Rolia,1998,90～95
[51]David William Parish. Slake durability and engineering properties of Durham Triassic Basin rock [Ph.D. Dissertation]. North Carolina state University,2001,85～96
[52]廖红建,肖正华.等软岩填土材料的浸水沉降与防治.北京：工程勘察,2002,(1)： 1～4
[53]柏树田,周晓光等.软岩堆石料的物理力学性质.北京：水利发电学报,2002,79(4)：34～44
[54]熊跃华,刁心宏,郑明新.软岩填筑路基模型试验研究.南昌：华东交通大学学报,2004,21(4)：15～18
[55]赵明华,刘晓明,苏永华.含崩解软岩红层材料路用工程特性试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2005,27(6)：667～671.
[56]郑明新,方焘等.风化软岩填筑路基可行性室内试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2004,26(增)：53～56
[57]方焘,郑明新等.风化千枚状板岩填料力学特性试验研究.北京：铁道建筑,2007,(3)：67～69
[58]颜文,周丰峻,郑明新.长衡段软岩水理特性研究.南昌：华东交通大学学报,2004,22(2)：15～17
[59]卿启湘,王永和等.软岩填筑高速铁路路堤的室内试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2006,27(7)：1119～1125
[60]卿启湘,王永和等.软岩填料的长期沉降变形特性及分析.北京：岩土工程技术,2006,20(6)：282～286
[61]刘新喜,夏元友等.复杂应力下强风化软岩湿化变形试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5)：925～930
[62]刘新喜,夏元友等.强风化软岩路基填筑适宜性研究.武汉：岩土力学,2006,27(6)：903～907
[63]苏永华,刘晓明,赵明华.软岩崩解颗粒分布特征研究.北京：土木工程学报,2006,39(5)：102～106
[64]黄晓明,朱湘.公路土工合成材料应用原理.北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[65]Vidal M H. The development and future of reinforced earth. Proceedings of a symposium on earth reinforcement at the ASCE Annual Convention[C]. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 1978, 1～61
[66]陈忠达.公路挡土墙设计.北京：人民交通出版社,1999
[67]谢婉丽.黄土地区高填方加筋路堤变形与稳定性研究：[博士学位论文].西安：西北大学,2004
[68]McGown A, Andrawes K Z, Al-Hasani M M. Effect of inclusion properties on the behavior of sand. Getechnique,1978,28(3):327～346
[69]Schiosser F, Long N T. Recent result in French research on reinforced. Journal of the Construction Division, ASCE,1974,100(CO3):223～237
[70]Bell J R, Steward J E. Constructional and observation of fabric retained soil wall. In: International of Conference on the Use of Fabric in geotechnics L'Encole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees Vol. I, Paris, France,1977,85～90
[71]Broms B B. Polyester fabric as reinforcement in soil. In:International of Conference on the Use of Fabric in geotechnics L'Encole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees Vol. I, Paris, France,1977,123～128
[72]Puig J, Blivet J C, Pasquet P. Earth fill reinforced with synthetic fabric. In:International of Conference on the Use of Fabric in Geotechnics L'Encole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees Vol. I, Paris, France,1977,129～134
[73]Bell J R. Introduction to geotextiles for soil improvement. In:ASCE Session on the Use of Geotextiles for Soil Improvement, Poland American,1980,1～30
[74]Collios A, Delmas P, Giroud J P. Experiments on soil reinforcement with geotextiles. In: ASCE Session on the Use of Geotextiles for Soil Improvement, Poland American,1980, 53～73
[75]周神根.刚性面墙的加筋土挡墙.成都：路基工程,1996,67(4)：1～9
[76]Lo S C R, Li S Q, Gopalan M, Gao Z.背对背连接的土工合成材料加筋挡土墙的分析与设计.北京：路基工程,1997,75(6)：78～85
[77]姜燕玲.粉喷桩与土工格栅联合加固技术有限元计算中的几个问题.济南：山东轻工业学院学报,2002,16(4)：21～24
[78]赵维炳,雷国辉,陈永辉等.土工织物加筋与塑料板排水联合加固软基的计算方法研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1998,20(3)：61～65
[79]申桂花.秦沈客运专线土工格栅加筋土挡土墙的设计.成都：路基工程,2002,104(5)：17～19
[80]杨果林,邹银生.预张拉土工格栅加筋土挡墙工程应用与分析.湘潭：湘潭矿业学院学报,2002,17(3)：67～70
[81]肖衡林,王钊,张训祥.处理废弃轮胎的一种有效方法—轮胎加筋土结构.北京：环境工程,2002,20(3)：51～54
[82]王炳龙,周顺华,宫全美等.不同高度土工格室整治基床下沉病害的试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2003,25(2)：163～166
[83]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. Centrifugal and numerical modeling of reinforced embankments on soft clay installed with wick drains Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2001,19:23～44
[84]钱劲松,凌建民,黄琴龙.土工格栅加筋路堤的三维有限元分析.上海：同济大学学报(自然科学版),2002,31(12)：1421～1426
[85]冯光乐.桥头引道沉降标准及台背回填加筋应用研究：[博士学位论文].上海：同济 大学,2002
[86]龚晓南,叶黔元,徐日庆.工程材料本构方程.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1995
[87]Clough G W, Ducan J M. Finite element analysis of retaining wall behavior. Journal soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE,1971,97 (12):1657～1674
[88]殷宗泽,朱泓,许国华.土与结构材料接触面的变形和数学模拟.南京：岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)：14～22
[89]张冬霁,卢延浩.一种与结构接触而模型的建立及其应用.南京：岩土工程学报,1998,20(6)：62～66
[90]Rowe R K, Skinner G D. Numerical analysis of geosynthetic reinforced retaining wall constructed on a layered soil foundation. Geotextiies and Geomembranes,2001,19: 387～412
[91]Chai J C, Minura N, Bergado D T, et al. Finite element analysis of embankment failure on soft subsoil. Geotechnical Engineering,1997,28 (2):249～276
[92]Fannin R J土工格栅加筋的荷载—应变—时间的野外观测试验.成都：路基工程,1995,(5)：63～69
[93]周志刚,郑健龙,李强.土工加筋材料处治填挖交界路基非均匀沉降设计方法研究.西安：中国公路学报,2003,16(1)：27～32
[94]徐林荣,华祖焜.加筋土陡边坡破坏模式的量化指标的合理选取.北京：铁道学报,1999,21(1)：72～76
[95]徐林荣,王永和,魏丽敏.加筋土地基筋带内力量测与分析.北京：中国铁道科学,1998,19(4)：95～102
[96]魏丽敏,华祖焜.加筋土陡边坡破坏模式的量化指标的合理选取.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(1)：15～21
[97]徐林荣,华祖焜,杨灿文.加筋土陡边坡状态评定的模糊聚类分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)：475～480
[98]Chungsik Y. Laboratory investigation of bearing capacity behavior of strip footing on geogrid-reinforced sand slope. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2001,19:279～298
[99]Borges J L, Cardoso A S. Structural behavior and parametric study of reinforced embankments on soft clays. Computer and Geotechnics,2001,28:209～233
[100]杜运新.预应力CFRP加筋土技术的应用与研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2003
[101]周志刚,张启森,郑健龙.交通荷载作用下防止路面开裂的桥联效应.西安：中国公路学报,1999,12(3)：27～34
[102]胡天国.铁路高路堤加筋土挡墙施工.北京：铁道建筑,2001,(11)：35～37
[103]杨果林,王永和.钢筋(煤矸石)混凝土网格式加筋土挡土结构强度特性与试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(5)：534～539
[104]魏丽敏,华祖焜.加筋土地基试验研究.长沙：长沙铁道学院学报,1999,17(3)：59～64
[105]徐家定.加筋复合地层软土地基施工技术.石家庄：石家庄铁道学院学报,2007,20(2)：111～114
[106]龚晓南.地基处理技术发展与展望.北京：中国水利水电出版社、知识产权出版社,2004
[107]何光春.加筋土工程设计与施工.北京：人民交通出版社,2000
[108]贺建清.地基处理.北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[109]王恩远,吴迈.工程实用地基处理手册.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[110]李希宁.土工织物加筋土用于砌石坝岸的研究.南京：大坝观测与土工测试,1996,20(2)：4～7
[111]李艳春,蒋志仁.弹簧单元模型用于分析土工格栅受力特性.西安：中国公路学报,1996,9(4)：38～42
[112]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路加筋土工程设计规范(JTJ 015-91).北京：人民交通出版社,1991
[113]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路加筋土工程施工技术规范(JTJ 035-91).北京：人民交通出版社,1991
[114]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路土工合成材料应用技术规范(JTJ 019-98).北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[115]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路土工合成材料试验规程(JTJ 060-98).北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[116]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路工程土工合成材料应用技术规范(TB 10118-99).北京：中国铁道出版社,1999
[117]中华人民共和国行业标准.铁路路基结构物设计规则.北京：中国铁道出版社,1990,24～29
[118]中华人民共和国行业标准.水运工程土工织物应用技术规范(JTJ/T 239-98).北京：人民交通出版社,1998
[119]中华人民共和国行业标准.水利水电工程土工合成材料应用技术规范(SL/T225-98).北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[120]中华人民共和国行业标准.土工合成材料测试规程(SL/T 235-1999).北京：中国水利水电出版社,1998
[121]中华人民共和国国家标准.堤防工程设计规范(GB50286-98).：北京：中国计划 出版社,1998
[122]郑祖祯,顾家龙.土工织物在秦山核电厂工程中的应用.中国土工织物讨论会论文选集,1987,(5)：84～89
[123]喻泽红,魏红卫,邹银生.加筋红砂岩风化土强度和变形特性.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2007,24(15)：2770～2779
[124]赵明华,刘敦平,张玲.双向增强体复合地基工后沉降分析.北京：公路交通科技,2008,25(10)：26～30
[125]土志斌,李亮,邹金峰.斜坡地基上加筋路堤工作性状及稳定性研究.武汉：岩土力学,2008,29(8)：2189～2193
[126]程培峰,慕万奎,姜海洋等.土工格栅加固浅层软土地基的有限元分析.西安：中国公路学报,2008,21(2)：6～11
[127]李志清,胡瑞林,付伟等.土工格栅在加固高速公路路堤中的应用研究.武汉：岩土力学,2008,29(3)：795～799
[128]苗英豪,芦军,高传明等.土工格栅加筋陡边坡路堤压实特性及格栅长期变形研究.武汉：武汉工业大学学报,2008,32(1)：51～53
[129]苏艺,许兆义,王连俊.青藏高原多年冻土区铁路加筋路堤的变形特征研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,26(1)：115～119
[130]杨和平,郑健龙.云南楚大公路膨胀土的土性试验研究.西安：中国公路学报,2002,15(1)：10～14
[131]徐少曼,林瑞良,康进王.提高路堤下软基土工织物加筋效果的综合措施.西安：中国公路学报,2003,16(2)：42～44
[132]凌建民,钱劲松,黄琴龙.路基拓宽工程处治技术及效果.上海：同济大学学报(自然科学版),2007,35(1)：45～49
[133]周晖,吴建奇.加筋土技术研究现状及发展趋势.鞍山：矿业工程,2005,3(6)：17～18
[134]Sridharan A, Singh H R. Effect of soil parameters on the friction coefficient in reinforced earth. Indian Geotechnical Journal,1988,18 (1):323～339
[135]Rao G V, Pandey S K. Evaluation of geotextile friction. Indian Geotechnical Journal, 1988,18 (1):77～105
[136]Lentz R W, Pyatt J N. Pull-out resistance of geogrids in sand. Transportation research record,1988,18 (8):48～55
[137]Palmeiar E M, Milligna W E. Scale and other factors affecting the results of pull-out tests of grids buried in sand. Geotechnique,1989,39 (3):511～524
[138]Triplett E J, Fox P J. Shear strength of HDPE Geomembrane/geosynthetic Clay Linear Interfaces Journal of Geotechnical and geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2001,127 (6):543～552
[139]O Rourke T D, Druschel S J, Netravali A N. Shear strength characteristics of sand-polymer interfaces. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1990,116 (3): 451～469
[140]Ragui F, Wilson-Fahmy, Robert M, et al. Experimental behavior of polymeric Geogrids in pullout. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1994,120 (4):661～677
[141]Ragui F, Wilson-Fahmy, Robert M, et al. Long-term pullout behavior of polymeric Geogrids. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1995,121 (10):723～728
[142]Jewell R A. Reinforcement bond capacity. Geotechnique,1989,39 (3):511～524
[143]Abramento M, Whittle A J. Analysis of pullout tests for planar reinforcements in soil. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1995,121 (6):476～485
[144]Abramento M, Whittle A J. Experimental evaluation of pullout analysis for planar soil reinforcements. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE,1995,121 (6):486～492
[145]Ahmet Pamuk, Dov Leschinsky, Hoe I, et al. Interaction behavior of Geogrids Embedded in clay subjected to static and repeated loads. Delware Transportation Institute, Report No.5,1997
[146]Shigenori Hayashi, Shahu J T, Keiji Watanabel. Changes in interface stress during pullout tests on geogrids strip reinforcement. Geotechnical testing Journal,1999,22:32～38
[147]Murugesan S, Mukesh M D. Geogrid reinforced embankment. Mohamed sathak Engineering. College, Kilakarai, T N, India,1999
[148]Zhenggui Wang, Werner Richwien. A study of soil-reinforcement interface friction. Journal of Geotechnical and geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE,2002,128 (1).92～94
[149]周志刚,郑健龙,张起森等.Netlon土工格栅与土界面性能的研究.长沙：长沙交通学院学报,1998,14(3)：34～39
[150]周志刚,郑健龙,张起森等.大型直剪试验的尺寸效应.长沙：长沙交通学院学报,1999,15(1)：47～49
[151]吴景海,陈环,王玲娟等.土工合成材料与土界面作用特性的研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2001,23(1)：90～93
[152]胡黎明,濮家骝.土与结构物接触面物理力学特性实验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2001,21(4)：431～435
[153]徐林荣.筋土界面参数测试方法合理选择研究.武汉：岩土力学,2003,24(3)：458～462
[154]徐超,叶观宝,董天林.土与土工材料界面特性实验分析.杭州：地基处理,2003, 14(3)：8～14
[155]刘文白,周健,苏跃红.风砂土基本性质及其与土工格栅作用试验.兰州：中国沙漠,2003,23(6)：697～702
[156]Vidal H. The principle of reinforced earth. Highway Res. Rec, No.282, NCR-HRB, Washington D. C.,1969,1-16
[157]Yang Z. Strength and deformation characteristics of reinforced sand [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Los Angeles. Calif. University of California,1972
[158]Ingold T S. Some observation on the laboratory measurement of soil geotextile bond. Geotextechnical Testing Journal,1982,5 (3/4):57-67
[159]Chandrasekaran B, Broms B B. Wong K S. Strength of fabric reinforced sand under axissymmetric loading. Geotexttechnica! and Geomembranes,1989,8:293-310
[160]Gray G H, Al-Refeai T. Behavior of fiber versus fiber-reinforced sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE,1986,112 (8):804-820
[161]吴景海.土工合成材料加筋的试验研究和有限元分析：[博士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2002
[162]赵爱根.加筋粘土的抗剪强度特性.南京：岩土工程学报,1988,10(1)：69～75
[163]邹新华,张起森,王天庆.加筋砂土三轴试验特性研究.长沙：长沙交通学院学报,1998,14(3)：55～62
[164]雷胜友.加筋黄土地三轴试验研究.西安：西安公路交通大学学报,2000,20(2)：1-5
[165]雷胜友.加筋土强度的新认识.西安：西安建筑工程学院学报,2000,17(3)：10～13
[166]吴景海,王德群,陈环.土工合成材料加筋砂土三轴试验研究.南京：岩土工程学报,2000,22(2)：199～204
[167]吴景海,王德群,王玲娟等.土工合成材料加筋的试验研究.北京：土木工程学报,2002,22(2)：93～99
[168]杨锡武,钟以明.筋材结构对其加筋土强度特性的影响研究.重庆：重庆交通学院学报,2002,21(1)：46～50
[169]保华富,周亦唐,赵川等.聚合物土丁格栅加筋碎石土试验研究.南京：岩土程学报,1999,21(2)：217～221
[170]保华富,龚涛.上工格栅加筋碎石土的强度和变形特性.北京：水利学报,2001,(6)：76～79
[171]黄英,保华富.加筋碎石土的抗剪强度特性研究.南京：大坝观测与土工测试,2000,24(5)：44～47
[172]赵川,周亦唐.土工格栅加筋碎石土大型三轴试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2001,22(4)：419～422
[173]赵川,周亦唐,余永强等.土工格栅加筋碎石土本构模型试验研究.武汉：武汉大学学报,2002,35(1)：33～38
[174]王琛,雷运波,刘浩吾等.加筋红土大型三轴试验研究.成都：四川大学学报,2003,35(4)：14～16
[175]李晓俊,白晓红,黄仙枝.土工带加筋碎石土本构关系的三轴研究.武汉：岩土力学,2004,25(增2)：57～60
[176]黄仙枝,白晓红.土工带加筋碎石的抗剪强度特性研究.武汉：岩土力学,2005,26(9)：1464～1468
[177]黄仙枝.土工带加筋碎石垫层地基的试验、应用及理论研究：[博士学位论文].太原：太原理工大学,2005
[178]黄仙枝,白晓红.土工带加筋碎石土大型三轴试验研究.北京：建筑结构学报,2005,26(2)：24～28
[179]杜运兴,尚守平,周芬CFRP加筋中砂的试验研究.长沙：湖南大学学报,2005,32(6)：28～31
[180]黄英,符必昌,金克盛等.不同排水条件下加筋红土三轴试验研究.昆明：昆明理工大学学报,2006,31(1)：56～60
[181]魏红卫,喻泽红,邹银生.排水条件对土工合成材料加筋黏土特性的影响.北京：水利学报,2006,37(7)：38～45
[182]陈群,朱分清,何昌荣.加筋土本构模型研究进展.北京：岩土工程技术,2003,(6)： 360～363
[183]Romstad K M, Herrmann L R, Shen C K. Integrated study of reinforced earth—Ⅰ: Theoretical formulation. Journal of the Geotechnical engineering division,1976,102 (5): 457～471
[184]Shen C K, Romstad K M, Herrmann L R. Integrated study of reinforced earth—Ⅱ: Behavior and design. Journal of the Geotechnical engineering division,1976,102 (6): 577～590
[185]石名磊,姚代禄.加筋土支挡结构数值分析研究.重庆：重庆交通学院学报,1994,13(4)： 78～84
[186]Karpurapu R, Bathurst R J. Behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil retaining walls using the finite element method. Computers and Geotechnics,1995,17:279～299
[187]Sampaco C L. Behavior of welded wire mesh reinforced soil wall from field evaluation and finite element simulation [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Uath State University, Longon, Uath, USA,1996
[188]喻泽红,张启森.土工网与土相互作用机理的有限元分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(3)：76～82
[189]闫澍旺,Ben Barr.土工格栅与土相互作用的有限元分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(6)：56～60
[190]陈群.新型加筋土挡墙的原型观测、试验及计算分析：[硕士学位论文].成都：四川联合大学,2005
[191]孟松兔.加筋土结构(挡墙)有限元分析.杭州：浙江工业大学学报,1997,25(4)：350～355
[192]胡再强,陈存礼.加筋土机理与加筋补强地基有限元分析.北京：水利学报,1998,(增)：129～132
[193]丁金华,包承纲.软基和吹填土上加筋路堤的离心模型试验及有限元分析.北京土木工程学报,1999,32(1)：21～24
[194]徐少曼,洪昌华.土工织物堤坝软基的非线性分析.南京：岩土工程学报,1997,19(6)：56～60
[195]朱湘,黄晓明.有限元方法分析影响加筋路堤效果的几个因素.北京：土木工程学报,2002,35(6)：86～92,108
[196]喻泽红,邹银生,王贻荪.土工合成材料加筋边坡稳定性分析中的模量因素.南京：岩土工程学报,2004,26(6)：787～791
[197]李广信,陈轮,蔡飞.加筋土体应力变形计算的新途径.南京：岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)：46～53
[198]介玉新,李广信.纤维加筋土计算的新方法.北京：工程力学,1999,16(3)：81～89
[199]介玉新,李广信.加筋土数值计算的等效附加应力法.南京：岩土工程学报,1999,21(5)：614～616
[200]陈永辉.土工织物加筋堤坝地基的计算理论和方法研究：[博士学位论文].南京：河海大学,2000
[201]陈永辉,赵维炳,汪志强.一个加筋复合土体的本构关系.北京：水利学报,2002,(12)：26～32
[202]陈永辉,施建勇,马斌.土工织物加筋堤坝复合有限元分析方法.北京：水利学报,2003,27(1)：28～33
[203]张孟喜,孙钧.土工合成材料加筋土应变软化及弹塑性分析.北京：土木工程学报,1999,21(4)：439-443
[204]Harrison W J, Gerrard C M. Elastic theory applied to reinforced earth. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division,1972,98 (12):1325～1345
[205]Gerrard C M. Reinforced earth:an orthorhombic material. Journal of the Geotechnical engineering,1982,108 (12):1460～1474
[206]Di Prisco C, Nova R. Constitutive model for soil reinforced by continuous threads. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1993,12 (2):161～178
[207]Shukla S K, Chandra S. Generalized mechanical model for Geosynthetic reinforced foundation soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1994,13 (12):813～825
[208]Yin J H. Nonlinear model of Geosynthetic reinforced granular fill over soft soil. Geosynthetics international,1997,4 (5):523～537
[209]Chen T-C, Chen R-H, Lin S-S. A nonlinear homogenized model applicable to reinforced soil analysis. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2000,18 (5):349～366
[210]Nejad Ensan M, Shahrour I. A simplified elastoplastic macroscopic model for the reinforced earth material. Mechanics Research Communication,2000,27 (1):349～366
[211]Sawicki A, Kazimierowicz-Frankowask K. Creep behavior of Geosynthetics. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1998,16 (6):365～382
[212]Sawicki A. Rheological model of Geosynthetic reinforced soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1999,17 (1):33～49
[213]Mohamed E E, John B K. New design method for reinforced sloped embankment. Engineering Structures,1997,19 (1):28～36
[214]王初生,王园,唐辉明.土工织物加筋柔性桥台合理间距的模型试验对比研究.北京：公路交通科技,2004,21(5)：36～38
[215]尹光志,魏作安,万玲等.细粒尾矿堆坝加筋加固模型试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6)：1030～1034
[216]杨庆,季大雪,栾茂田等.土工格栅加筋路堤边坡结构性能模型试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2005,25(8)：1243～1247
[217]上官云龙,史峰,栾茂田等.格栅加筋路堤边坡性能的试验研究及有限元分析.长春：吉林大学学报,2006,36(增)：80～83
[218]王虎妹,张力霆.土工格栅加筋粉煤灰堤坝的室内模拟试验研究.石家庄：国防交通工程与技术,2007,(4)：41～44
[219]胡幼常,邓伟,蔡运生等.双向土工格栅加筋路堤现场试验研究.北京：交通科技,2006,221(2)：80～83
[220]李雨辰,舒超.土工格栅加筋路堤结构性能试验研究.北京：科技资讯,2008,(27)：105～106
[221]Schofield A N. Cambridge geotechnical centrifuge operation. Geotechnique,1980,20: 227～238
[222]Taniguchi E, Koga Y, Yasuda S, et al. A study on stability analysis of reinforced embankments based on centrifuge model test. Proc. International Geotechnical Symposium On Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement, Fukuka, Japan 1988,167～172
[223]Zhang L, Hu T, Huang D, et al. Design of high reinforced embankment and centrifuge verification. Pro. International Conference on Soft Engineering, Science Press, Beijing, China,1993:56～61
[224]Bolton M D, Sharma J S. Embankments with base reinforcement on soft clay. Pro. International Conference on centrifugal 1994, Rotterdam:A. A. Balkema,1994,587～592
[225]Mandal J N, Joshi A A. Centrifuge Modeling of Geosynthetic reinforced embankments on soft ground. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1996,14 (1):147～155
[226]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. Centrifuge modeling of an embankment on soft clay reinforced with a geogrid. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,1996,14 (1):1～7
[227]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. Centrifugal and numerical modeling of reinforced embankment on soft clay installed with wick drains. Geotextiles and Geomembranes,2001, 19 (1):23～44
[228]杨锡武,欧阳仲春.山区高等级公路加筋高路堤边坡研究.北京：公路交通科技,2001,18(1)：17～20
[229]苗英豪.土工格栅加筋加筋路堤机理研究：[硕士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2003
[230]Viswanadham B V S, Mahajan R. Modeling of geotextile reinforced highway slopes in a geotechnical centrifuge. Geotechnical Engineering for Transportation Projects:Proceedings of Geo-Trans 2004, Reston, VA:ASCE,2004,637～646
[231]陈胜立,张丙印,张建民等.软基上加筋防波堤的离心模型试验.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15)：2751～2756
[232]陈胜立,张建民,张丙印等.软土地基上土工织物加筋堤的离心模型试验研究.武汉：岩土力学,2006,27(5)：3～6
[233]陈建峰,俞松波,叶铁峰等.软土地基加筋石灰土路堤离心模型试验研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2)：287～293
[234]俞松波,沈明荣,陈建峰等.离心模型试验中土工格栅拉力测量.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(11)：2295～2301
[235]李鹏,张敬,闫澍旺.土工格栅加筋软基路堤的有限元分析.天津：中国港湾建设,1999,(2)：22～26
[236]周志刚,郑健龙,宋蔚涛.土工格栅加筋柔性桥台的机理分析.西安：中国公路学报,2000,13(1)：18～21
[237]张兴强、闫澍旺、邓卫东.交通荷载作用下土工格栅加筋路基的弹塑性分析.南京：振动工程学报,2001,14(3)：278～283
[238]朱分清.高路堤陡边坡加筋的有限元分析.成都：路基工程,2002,(1)：8～11
[239]范臻辉,王永和.土工格栅加筋高路堤边坡稳定性的弹塑性有限元分析.长沙：中南大学学报,2005,36(5)：904～910
[240]顾长存,杨庆刚,张铮.土工格栅加筋软土路堤的数值分析.南京：河海大学学报,2005,33(6)：677～681
[241]杨有海,苏在朝,夏琼.黄土路堤边坡浅层加筋加固机理分析及工程应用.北京：土木工程学报,2005,38(11)：84～88
[242]张小莉,张永兴.基于有限元法的加筋路堤影响因素分析.北京：土木工程学报,2005,38(11)：84～88
[243]王家鼎,谢婉丽,骆风涛.高填方加筋黄土路堤稳定性的有限元分析.长春：地理科学,2007,27(2)：268～272
[244]王吉利,刘金龙,彭圣平等.加筋路堤的有限元分析.北京：公路交通科技,2007,24(5)：55～58
[245]刘金龙,栾茂田,王吉利.土工织物加固软土路基的非线性有限元分析.成都：四川建筑科学研究,2008,34(6)：111～114
[246]俞永华,谢永利,杨晓华.西安：土工格室柔性搭板处治的路桥过渡段差异沉降三维数值分析.西安：中国公路学报,2007,20(4)：12～18
[247]柏巍,陈灯红,王乾峰.加筋路堤边坡的数值模拟分析.宜昌：灾害与防治工程,2007,(1)：1-5
[248]谭炜,贾致荣.格栅模量对加筋软基路堤关键位移的影响.重庆：地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(1)：162～165
[249]李志清,胡瑞林,付伟等.土工格栅在加固高速公路路堤中的应用研究.武汉：岩土力学,2008,29(3)：795～799
[250]胡幼常,张苡铭,林汉清等.土工格栅加筋路堤影响因素研究.武汉：武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2008,32(2)：206～209
[251]Mein R G, Lason C L. Modeling infiltration during asteady rain. Water Resources Research,1973,9(2):384-394
[252]Freeze R A, Cherry J A. Groundwater. New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1979
[253]Neuman S P, Narasimhan T N, Witherspoon P A. Application of mixed explicit-implicit finite element method to nonlinear diffusion-type problems. Finite Elements in Water Resources. London. Plymouth:Pentech Press,1977,1153～1186
[254]赤井浩一.日本土木工程手册《土力学》.杨灿文,周樱,何连生译.北京：中 国铁道出版社,1984
[255]Fredlund D G, Rahardjo H.非饱和土土力学.吴肖茗,石振华译.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[256]Lam L, Frelund D G. A general limit equilibrium model for three-dimensional slope stability analysis. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1993,30(6):905-919
[257]黄俊,苏向明.土坝饱和—非饱和渗流数值分析方法研究.南京：岩土工程学报,1990,12(5)：30～39
[258]张家发.三维饱和非饱和稳定非稳定渗流场的有限元模拟.武汉：长江科学院院报,1997,14(3)：35～38
[259]陈虹,陈彤.堤坝饱和—非饱和渗流数值模拟.上海：水动力学研究与进展：A辑：,1997,12(3)：356～364
[260]唐红梅,陈洪凯,叶四桥.新疆天山公路翻浆土体毛细特性试验研究.重庆：重庆交通学院学报,2003,22(4)：45～48
[261]冯炜炜,陆会清,姚力.浅谈上的不同物质组成对毛细性的影响.乌鲁木齐：新疆有色金属,2004,29(2)：16～18
[262］ 董加瑞,王昂生.毛细作用下土壤水分扩散特性研究及试验.北京：北京大学学报(自然科学版),1998,34(1)：50～57
[263]翁通.盐渍土毛细水作用及击实特性研究：[硕士学位论文].西安∶长安大学,2006
[264]李锐,赵文光,陈善雄.基于GEO-SLOPE的膨胀土路基毛细水上升分析.武汉：华中科技大学学报(城市科学版),2006,23(s1)：36～39
[265]陈善雄,陈守义.考虑降雨的非饱和土边坡稳定性分析方法.武汉：岩土力学,2001,22(4)：44～45
[266]朱伟,山村和野.雨水、洪水渗透时河堤的稳定性.武汉：岩土工程学报,1999,21(4)：414～419
[267]Bodman C B, Coleman E A. Moisture and energy conduction duringdown-ward entry of water into soil. Soil Sci.Soc.Am.Proc.,1944,2(8):166～182
[268]Lumb P B. Slope failures in Hong. Kong Engineering Geologist,1975,34(8):31-65
[269]Pradel D, Raad G. Effect of permeability on surficial stability of homogeneous slopes. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(2):315～332
[270]Green W H, Ampt C A. Studies on soil physics:flow of air and water through soils. Journal of Agriculture Science,1911, (4) 1～24.
[271]李焯芬,汪敏.港渝两地滑坡灾害的对比研究.武汉：岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3)：493～497
[272]李兆平,张弥.考虑降雨入渗影响的非饱和土边坡瞬态安全系数研究.北京∶土 木工程学报,2001,34(5)：57～61
[273]刘特洪,林天健.软岩工程设计理论与工程实践.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2001,1～16
[274]中华人民共和国水利部.工程岩体分级标准(GB50218-941).北京：中国计划出版社,1994
[275]任重阳,唐爱松.岩体工程质量分级应用研究.武汉：岩土力学,2003,24(增1)：53～57
[276]何满朝,景海河,孙晓明.软岩工程力学.北京：科学出版社,2002,20～44
[277]苏永华,刘晓明,赵明华.软岩崩解物颗粒分布特征研究.北京：土木工程学报,2006,39(5)：102～106
[278]邱钰.软质粗粒土的工程力学特性与路基工程应用研究：[博士学位论文].南京：东南大学学报,2002
[279]东南大学交通学院.煤矸石在高速公路中的应用研究(室内试验报告).南京：东南大学2000
[280]陈明星.广佛高速公路软土地基处理试验研究.长沙：中南公路工程,1994,(3)47～55
[281]L.福斯布拉德著,甘杰贤等译.土石填方的振动压实.北京：人民交通出版社,1984
[282]牛建东,徐林荣.邓肯-张E-B模型参数对软土路堤沉降计算结果的影响.北京：工程地质学报,2005,13(4)：563～567
[283]高速公路丛书编委会.高速公路路基设计与施工.北京：人民交通出版社,1997
[284]张士宇,王瑞钢.降雨对高填土路堤的入渗深度的确定及有限元稳定分析.北京：路基工程,2004,(5)：17～21
[285]王瑞钢,闫澍旺,邓卫东.降雨作用下高填土质路堤边坡的渗流稳定分析.西安：中国公路学报,2004,17(4)：25～30
[286]Kostiakov P A, Hopmans J W, Schukking H, et al. Two-dimensional steady unsaturated water flow in heterogeneous soils with auto correlated soil hydraulic properties[J].Water Resource.1998, Vol24 (12):2005～2017
[287]Holtan H N. A concept for infiltration estimates in water shed engineering[J].USDA-ARS,1961,41～51
[288]Mezencev L A, Putkonen J. Determination of frozen soil thermal properties by heated needle probe. Permafr. Periglac. Process,2003,14:343～347
[289]Richards L A. Capillary conduction of liquids through porous mediums. Physics,1931.Vol 1(3):18～33
[290]罗戴AA.土壤水.巴逢辰等译.北京：科学出版社,1964
[291]孟黔灵,姚海林,邱伦锋.吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的贡献.武汉：岩土力学,2001,22(4)：423～431
[292]刘小平.非饱和土路基水作用机理及其迁移特性研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2008
[293]邓卫东.高填路堤稳定性研究：[博士学位论文].西安：长安大学,2003