Tm~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)离子掺杂LiTaO_3多晶的上转换白光性能研究
|
摘要
本文采用高温固相法合成Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子三掺的LiTaO_3多晶粉。测试了单掺Er~(3+)离子、双掺Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)离子及Yb~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子和三掺Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子的LiTaO_3多晶粉的紫外-可见吸收光谱,上转换稳态发射谱,上转换功率曲线及X-射线粉末衍射。
多晶粉的X-射线粉末衍射谱测试结果表明掺杂离子后的多晶粉并没有新的峰产生,只是对原峰值的修改(增强或减弱)即可知:离子以取代的方式存在于晶格结构中,而不是存在于晶格间隙,并没有破坏晶体结构。
对单掺Er~(3+)离子、双掺Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)离子及Yb~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子和三掺Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子的LiTaO_3多晶粉在980nm的激光下进行发光上转换功率曲线测试并不断调节各掺杂离子的浓度以便得到最好的效果,以便更好的分析出上转换的发光机制。1)利用波长为980nm的激光器对Er:LiTaO_3样品进行激发,观察到了可见光区较强的上转换绿光发射和很弱的上转换红光发射,且随着Er~(3+)离子浓度的增加,上转换红、绿光的发射强度都有相应的增加。2)利用波长为980nm的激光器对Er:Yb:LiTaO_3样品进行激发,观察到了可见光区较强的上转换绿光发射和很弱的上转换红光发射且随着Yb~(3+)离子浓度的提高,上转换红、绿光的发射强度都有一定程度的增加,但上转换红光发射强度增加的幅度明显要大于上转换蓝光发射强度增加的幅度。550nm附近上转换绿光输出源自于Er~(3+)离子的2H11/2/4S3/2能级跃迁到基态~4I_(15/2)过程中能量输出,而660nm附近上转换红光输出来源于Er~(3+)离子的~4F_(9/2)能级跃迁到基态~4I_(15/2)能级的能量输出。3)对Yb:Er:Tm:LiTaO_3多晶粉在980nm样品进行激发,当掺杂能浓度达到1Yb:6Er:1Tm:LiTaO_3时上转换白光输出,450nm附近上转换蓝光的输出,产生上转换蓝光的Tm~(3+)离子1G4态的布居主要来自双光子同时吸收过程。而单光子上转换红光,则由Tm~(3+)和Er~(3+)离子之间的交叉驰豫过程参与产生,即~3F_(2/3)(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(15/2)(Er~(3+))→~3H_6(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(9/2)(Er~(3+))。
通过测试晶体的紫外可见吸收光谱,讨论了掺杂离子对晶体的影响机理,与纯LiTaO_3相比掺杂三价稀土离子促使基础吸收边相对发生紫移。
本文研究中首次在三掺LiTaO_3中获得白光输出,这在国内外未见报道过,在今后LiTaO_3科研贡献中起到一定作用。
This paper uses high-temperature solid-phase synthesis method,Yb~(3+)and Tm~(3+)ions Er~(3+)the three mixed LiTaO_3 more crystal powder, first in the laboratory system three LiTaO_3 more crystal powder mixed, and achieved good optical properties. Tested LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Tm~(3+),LiTaO_3: Er~(3+),LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) more crystal powder ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, the steady-state emission spectrum, the conversion on conversion power curve and X-ray powder diffraction.
Through the test multiple crystal powder X-ray powder diffraction diagram analysis doped ions in crystals in the placeholder situation, and on the original lattice structure change, Through multiple sets of XRD test results contrast can significantly know that doping ions crystal powder and do not new peak produce, only on the original peak modifications (increase or decrease) can know that ion to replace the way exists in the lattice structure, but does not exist in a lattice clearance, without disrupting the crystal structure.
Through the test of crystal uv-visible spectra and ir discussed doped ion to the crystal photorefractive effect on the performance of mechanism, Through the LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Tm~(3+)ultraviolet absorption spectrum testing, testing results show that rare earth doped trivalent ion prompted foundation absorption occurs purple purple edge relative move move.
For LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Tm~(3+);LiTaO_3:Er~(3+);LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)more crystal powder in 980nm laser under shine on conversion power curve tests and constantly adjust every doped ion concentration in order to get the best effect, in order to better analyze the upxonverted luminous mechanism. By using the laser wavelength for 980nm for LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)samples stimulate, and observed visible area strong upxonverted green light transmission and very weak upxonverted red, along with Er~(3+) launch the increase of the concentration of the ions, upxonverted red and green launch strength has a corresponding increase. By using the laser wavelength for 980nm for LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) samples stimulate, and observed visible area strong upxonverted blu-ray launch and very weak upxonverted red light emission and with the increase of the concentration of the Yb~(3+) ions, upxonverted red, blue launch strength have a certain degree of increased, but the upxonverted red launch strength increasing range obviously than upxonverted blu-ray launch strength increasing range. 530nm - 550nm near upxonverted green light output originated from Er~(3+) ions ~2H_(11/2)/~4S_(3/2) level ground warp to ~4I_(15/2) process energy output, and 660nm near upxonverted red output comes from Er~(3+) ions ~4F_(9/2) level ground warp to ~4I_(15/2) level of energy output. Yb:Er:Tmcrystal powder in 980nm LiTaO_3 more under the white upxonverted laser power curve test and analysis of the white light upxonverted light-emitting mechanism, blue hair spectral band is absorbed by the two-photon simultaneously on conversion process produces, and single photon upxonverted red, by the Tm~(3+)and Er~(3+)ions the intersection of chi and processes involved in produce, namely: ~3F_(2/3)(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(15/2)(Er~(3+))→~3H_6(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(9/2)(Er~(3+)).
This paper studies the first in three mixed LiTaO_3 gain white light output, this not seen at home and abroad have been reported, in the future research contributions LiTaO_3 plays a role.
多晶粉的X-射线粉末衍射谱测试结果表明掺杂离子后的多晶粉并没有新的峰产生,只是对原峰值的修改(增强或减弱)即可知:离子以取代的方式存在于晶格结构中,而不是存在于晶格间隙,并没有破坏晶体结构。
对单掺Er~(3+)离子、双掺Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)离子及Yb~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子和三掺Yb~(3+)、Er~(3+)、Tm~(3+)离子的LiTaO_3多晶粉在980nm的激光下进行发光上转换功率曲线测试并不断调节各掺杂离子的浓度以便得到最好的效果,以便更好的分析出上转换的发光机制。1)利用波长为980nm的激光器对Er:LiTaO_3样品进行激发,观察到了可见光区较强的上转换绿光发射和很弱的上转换红光发射,且随着Er~(3+)离子浓度的增加,上转换红、绿光的发射强度都有相应的增加。2)利用波长为980nm的激光器对Er:Yb:LiTaO_3样品进行激发,观察到了可见光区较强的上转换绿光发射和很弱的上转换红光发射且随着Yb~(3+)离子浓度的提高,上转换红、绿光的发射强度都有一定程度的增加,但上转换红光发射强度增加的幅度明显要大于上转换蓝光发射强度增加的幅度。550nm附近上转换绿光输出源自于Er~(3+)离子的2H11/2/4S3/2能级跃迁到基态~4I_(15/2)过程中能量输出,而660nm附近上转换红光输出来源于Er~(3+)离子的~4F_(9/2)能级跃迁到基态~4I_(15/2)能级的能量输出。3)对Yb:Er:Tm:LiTaO_3多晶粉在980nm样品进行激发,当掺杂能浓度达到1Yb:6Er:1Tm:LiTaO_3时上转换白光输出,450nm附近上转换蓝光的输出,产生上转换蓝光的Tm~(3+)离子1G4态的布居主要来自双光子同时吸收过程。而单光子上转换红光,则由Tm~(3+)和Er~(3+)离子之间的交叉驰豫过程参与产生,即~3F_(2/3)(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(15/2)(Er~(3+))→~3H_6(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(9/2)(Er~(3+))。
通过测试晶体的紫外可见吸收光谱,讨论了掺杂离子对晶体的影响机理,与纯LiTaO_3相比掺杂三价稀土离子促使基础吸收边相对发生紫移。
本文研究中首次在三掺LiTaO_3中获得白光输出,这在国内外未见报道过,在今后LiTaO_3科研贡献中起到一定作用。
This paper uses high-temperature solid-phase synthesis method,Yb~(3+)and Tm~(3+)ions Er~(3+)the three mixed LiTaO_3 more crystal powder, first in the laboratory system three LiTaO_3 more crystal powder mixed, and achieved good optical properties. Tested LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Tm~(3+),LiTaO_3: Er~(3+),LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) more crystal powder ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum, the steady-state emission spectrum, the conversion on conversion power curve and X-ray powder diffraction.
Through the test multiple crystal powder X-ray powder diffraction diagram analysis doped ions in crystals in the placeholder situation, and on the original lattice structure change, Through multiple sets of XRD test results contrast can significantly know that doping ions crystal powder and do not new peak produce, only on the original peak modifications (increase or decrease) can know that ion to replace the way exists in the lattice structure, but does not exist in a lattice clearance, without disrupting the crystal structure.
Through the test of crystal uv-visible spectra and ir discussed doped ion to the crystal photorefractive effect on the performance of mechanism, Through the LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Tm~(3+)ultraviolet absorption spectrum testing, testing results show that rare earth doped trivalent ion prompted foundation absorption occurs purple purple edge relative move move.
For LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)/Tm~(3+);LiTaO_3:Er~(3+);LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)more crystal powder in 980nm laser under shine on conversion power curve tests and constantly adjust every doped ion concentration in order to get the best effect, in order to better analyze the upxonverted luminous mechanism. By using the laser wavelength for 980nm for LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)samples stimulate, and observed visible area strong upxonverted green light transmission and very weak upxonverted red, along with Er~(3+) launch the increase of the concentration of the ions, upxonverted red and green launch strength has a corresponding increase. By using the laser wavelength for 980nm for LiTaO_3: Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+) samples stimulate, and observed visible area strong upxonverted blu-ray launch and very weak upxonverted red light emission and with the increase of the concentration of the Yb~(3+) ions, upxonverted red, blue launch strength have a certain degree of increased, but the upxonverted red launch strength increasing range obviously than upxonverted blu-ray launch strength increasing range. 530nm - 550nm near upxonverted green light output originated from Er~(3+) ions ~2H_(11/2)/~4S_(3/2) level ground warp to ~4I_(15/2) process energy output, and 660nm near upxonverted red output comes from Er~(3+) ions ~4F_(9/2) level ground warp to ~4I_(15/2) level of energy output. Yb:Er:Tmcrystal powder in 980nm LiTaO_3 more under the white upxonverted laser power curve test and analysis of the white light upxonverted light-emitting mechanism, blue hair spectral band is absorbed by the two-photon simultaneously on conversion process produces, and single photon upxonverted red, by the Tm~(3+)and Er~(3+)ions the intersection of chi and processes involved in produce, namely: ~3F_(2/3)(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(15/2)(Er~(3+))→~3H_6(Tm~(3+))+~4I_(9/2)(Er~(3+)).
This paper studies the first in three mixed LiTaO_3 gain white light output, this not seen at home and abroad have been reported, in the future research contributions LiTaO_3 plays a role.
引文
[1]郑会龙.上转换发光材料的合成、表征及发光性质的研究[D].大连:大连海事大学硕士论文, 2008: 3-4.
[2] YANG KUISHENG, LI YAN, YU CHAOYI. Upconversion Luminescence properties of Ho3+, Tm3+, Yb3+co-doped Nanocrystal NaYF4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method[J]. JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE RARE EARTH SOCIETY, 2009, 27(3): 60-62.
[3] VOLK B, MAXIMOV S. Sulyanov Relaiton of the Photorefraction and Optical-damage Resistance to the Intrinsic Defect Structure in LiNbO3 Crystals[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2006, 104(3): 39-52.
[4]杨建虎,戴世勋,姜中宏.稀土离子的上转换发光及研究进展[J]. 2003, 23(3): 284-298.
[5] GUOKUI LIU,B JACQUIER. Spectroscopic properties of Rare earth in optical Materials[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005 : 57-63.
[6] AUZEL F. Upconversion and Anti-Stokes Processes with f and d Ions in Solids[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2004, 104(1): 139-173.
[7] E.HEUMANN, RADEMAKER S B K, GUNTER HUBER. Semiconductor-Laser-Pumped High-Power Upconversion Laser[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 88: 061-108.
[8] KOSTRITSKII S M, SEVESTYANOV O G. Influence of Intrinsic Defects on light-induced changes in the refractive index of lithium niobate crystals[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1997, 77: 31-42.
[9]张云军,王月珠,鞠有伦,等.掺Tm3+光纤激光器的进展.激光与光电子学进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2005, 42(6): 34-43.
[10] BLASSE G, GRABMAIER B C. Luminescent Materials Springer-Verlag[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1994, 32: 20-95.
[11]孙家跃,杜海燕.固体发光材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2003: 590~639.
[12]马德才.锌掺杂铌酸锂和钽酸锂晶体的生长和结构及性能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2007: 25-30.
[13] DOW NING E, HESSELINK L, RALSTON J. A Three-color Solid-StateThree-Dimensional Display[J]. Science, 1996, 273: 1185-1189.
[14]王丹. Er掺杂12CaO·7Al2O3的制备及光学性质研究[D].长春:东北师范大学, 2007: 16-17.
[15] CHEN X B, SONG Z F, The Study of Two-Color Excitation Upconversion of Pr0.5Yb3[J]. SCIENCE IN CHINA(PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY), 2006, 49(2): 22-35.
[16] PATRA A. Effect of Crystal Structure and Concentration on Luminescence in Er3+: ZrO2 Nanocrystals[J]. Chem Phys Lett, 2004, 387: 35-39.
[17] MEISONG LIAO, LILI HUA, YONGZHENG FANG, etal. Upconversion Properties of Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+ Codoped Fluorophosphate Glasses[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2006, 68: 531-535.
[18] LIU B J, LIU X L, WANG D. Effect of Zn2+and Li+ Codoping Ions on Nanosized Gd2O3:Eu2+ Phosphor[J]. Alloy Compd. 2007, 440: 341-345.
[19] ZHANG Q Y, LI T, JIANG Z H. 980 nm Laser-Diode-excited Intense Blue Upconversion in Tm3+/Yb3+-codoped Gallate–bismuth–lead Glasses[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 87: 171911-171913.
[20]张福学,孙慷.压电学[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1984 : 158-204.
[21] FANG S Q, WANG B, ZHANG T. Growth and Photorefractive Properties of Zn, Fe Double–doped LiTaO3 Crystal[J]. Opt Mater, 2006, 28: 207-211.
[22] FANG S Q, MA D C, ZHANG T. Growth and Optical Properties of Mg, Fe co–doped LiTaO3 crystal[J]. Optik Mate, 2007, 30: 192-198.
[23] FUKUDA T, MATSUMURA S, HIRANO H. Growth of LiTaO3 Single-crystal for Saw Device Applications[J]. Cryst Growth, 1979, 46: 179-184.
[24] VETRONE F, BOYER J C. 980nm Excited Upconversion in an Er-doped ZnO-TeO2 Glass[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 80: 1752-1754.
[25]甄西合.双掺锌铁铌酸锂晶体生长及其结构与光折变性能[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2003: 25-27.
[26]张云军,王月珠,鞠有伦. Yb3+-Ho3+共掺杂氟氧化物中的蓝绿上转换发光[J].激光与光电子学进展. 2002, 36(2): 29-43.
[27]徐东勇,臧竞存.上转换激光和上转换发光材料的研究进展[J].人工晶体学报, 2001, 30(2): 203-210.
[28]吴林飞. 12CaO·7Al2O3多晶粉的制备及其发光性能的研究[D],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2010: 24-30.
[29]陈晓波,冯衍,李美先等. Tm0.03Yb0.18La0.79P5O14和Tm(0.1)Yb(3)·ZBLAN玻璃的上转换敏化蓝色发光[J].中国激光, 1999, 26(5): 437-443.
[30]曾琦华,张信果.白光LED用荧光粉的研究进展[J].中国稀土学报, 2011, 29(1): 8-17.
[31] RISK W P, GOSNELL T R, NURMIKKO A V. Compact Blue-Green Lasers[M] . London: Cambridge University Press, 2003 : 54-78.
[32]刘晃清,王玲玲,李宏健.氧化物纳米材料Y2O3:(Yb3+, Er3+)上转换发光性质的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2006, 126(18): 1396-1399.
[33]刘晓瑭.共掺体系中稀土离子间的电子转移及光谱特性研究[D].长春:东北师范大学, 2005: 6-7.
[34]郑会龙.上转换发光材料的合成、表征及发光性质的研究[D],大连:大连海事大学, 2008: 30-35.
[35]韩喜江.现代仪器分析实验[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004:177-193.
[36] YANG M D, LIU Y K, SHEN J L. Study of Energy Transfer from Sb3+,Bi3+,Ce3+to Sm3+,Eu3+,Tb3+,Dy3+[J]. J Chem Phys, 1967, 47(6):1920-1926.
[37] PANDOZZI F, VERTONE J C. A Spectroscopic Analysis of Blue and Ultraviolet Upconverted Emissions from Gd3Ga5O12:Tm3+/Yb3+ Nanocrystals[J]. Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 17400-17405.
[38]丁庆磊,刘政威,夏艳琴,等. Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂纯氧化物材料上转换发光特性的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2006, 26(4): 610-613.
[39] CHEN G Y, ZHANG Y G, Somesfalean G, etal. Two-color Upconversion in rare-earth-ion-doped ZrO2 Nanocrystals[J]. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2006, 89: 105-163.
[40]杨魁胜,高艳敏,翟海青,等. Yb3+, Er3+掺杂的NaGd(MoO4)2纳米晶的制备及发光性能[J].中国稀土学报, 2009, 27 (3): 339-400.
[41] CHEN G Y, LIU Y. Ho3+ to Yb3+ Back Transfer and Thermal Quenching of Upconversion Green Emission in Fluoride Crystals[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 91, 103-133.
[42] PANDOZZI F, VERTONE F, BOYER J C. A Spectroscopic Analysis of Blue and Ultraviolet Upconverted Emissions from Gd3Ga5O12: Tm3+, Yb3+ Nanocrystals[J]. Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 17400-17405.
[43] AUZEL F, CHEM S. Cation Substitution Models of Congruent LiNbO3Investigated by X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction[J]. Phys Chem Solids, 1994, 55(2): 145-152.
[44] MATSUUR A D. Red, Green, Blue Upconversion Luminescence of Trivalent-Rare-Earth Ion-Doped Y2O3 Nanocrystals[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 81: 4526-4528.
[2] YANG KUISHENG, LI YAN, YU CHAOYI. Upconversion Luminescence properties of Ho3+, Tm3+, Yb3+co-doped Nanocrystal NaYF4 Synthesized by Hydrothermal Method[J]. JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE RARE EARTH SOCIETY, 2009, 27(3): 60-62.
[3] VOLK B, MAXIMOV S. Sulyanov Relaiton of the Photorefraction and Optical-damage Resistance to the Intrinsic Defect Structure in LiNbO3 Crystals[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2006, 104(3): 39-52.
[4]杨建虎,戴世勋,姜中宏.稀土离子的上转换发光及研究进展[J]. 2003, 23(3): 284-298.
[5] GUOKUI LIU,B JACQUIER. Spectroscopic properties of Rare earth in optical Materials[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005 : 57-63.
[6] AUZEL F. Upconversion and Anti-Stokes Processes with f and d Ions in Solids[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2004, 104(1): 139-173.
[7] E.HEUMANN, RADEMAKER S B K, GUNTER HUBER. Semiconductor-Laser-Pumped High-Power Upconversion Laser[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 88: 061-108.
[8] KOSTRITSKII S M, SEVESTYANOV O G. Influence of Intrinsic Defects on light-induced changes in the refractive index of lithium niobate crystals[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1997, 77: 31-42.
[9]张云军,王月珠,鞠有伦,等.掺Tm3+光纤激光器的进展.激光与光电子学进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2005, 42(6): 34-43.
[10] BLASSE G, GRABMAIER B C. Luminescent Materials Springer-Verlag[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1994, 32: 20-95.
[11]孙家跃,杜海燕.固体发光材料[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2003: 590~639.
[12]马德才.锌掺杂铌酸锂和钽酸锂晶体的生长和结构及性能的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2007: 25-30.
[13] DOW NING E, HESSELINK L, RALSTON J. A Three-color Solid-StateThree-Dimensional Display[J]. Science, 1996, 273: 1185-1189.
[14]王丹. Er掺杂12CaO·7Al2O3的制备及光学性质研究[D].长春:东北师范大学, 2007: 16-17.
[15] CHEN X B, SONG Z F, The Study of Two-Color Excitation Upconversion of Pr0.5Yb3[J]. SCIENCE IN CHINA(PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY), 2006, 49(2): 22-35.
[16] PATRA A. Effect of Crystal Structure and Concentration on Luminescence in Er3+: ZrO2 Nanocrystals[J]. Chem Phys Lett, 2004, 387: 35-39.
[17] MEISONG LIAO, LILI HUA, YONGZHENG FANG, etal. Upconversion Properties of Er3+, Yb3+ and Tm3+ Codoped Fluorophosphate Glasses[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2006, 68: 531-535.
[18] LIU B J, LIU X L, WANG D. Effect of Zn2+and Li+ Codoping Ions on Nanosized Gd2O3:Eu2+ Phosphor[J]. Alloy Compd. 2007, 440: 341-345.
[19] ZHANG Q Y, LI T, JIANG Z H. 980 nm Laser-Diode-excited Intense Blue Upconversion in Tm3+/Yb3+-codoped Gallate–bismuth–lead Glasses[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 87: 171911-171913.
[20]张福学,孙慷.压电学[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1984 : 158-204.
[21] FANG S Q, WANG B, ZHANG T. Growth and Photorefractive Properties of Zn, Fe Double–doped LiTaO3 Crystal[J]. Opt Mater, 2006, 28: 207-211.
[22] FANG S Q, MA D C, ZHANG T. Growth and Optical Properties of Mg, Fe co–doped LiTaO3 crystal[J]. Optik Mate, 2007, 30: 192-198.
[23] FUKUDA T, MATSUMURA S, HIRANO H. Growth of LiTaO3 Single-crystal for Saw Device Applications[J]. Cryst Growth, 1979, 46: 179-184.
[24] VETRONE F, BOYER J C. 980nm Excited Upconversion in an Er-doped ZnO-TeO2 Glass[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 80: 1752-1754.
[25]甄西合.双掺锌铁铌酸锂晶体生长及其结构与光折变性能[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2003: 25-27.
[26]张云军,王月珠,鞠有伦. Yb3+-Ho3+共掺杂氟氧化物中的蓝绿上转换发光[J].激光与光电子学进展. 2002, 36(2): 29-43.
[27]徐东勇,臧竞存.上转换激光和上转换发光材料的研究进展[J].人工晶体学报, 2001, 30(2): 203-210.
[28]吴林飞. 12CaO·7Al2O3多晶粉的制备及其发光性能的研究[D],哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学, 2010: 24-30.
[29]陈晓波,冯衍,李美先等. Tm0.03Yb0.18La0.79P5O14和Tm(0.1)Yb(3)·ZBLAN玻璃的上转换敏化蓝色发光[J].中国激光, 1999, 26(5): 437-443.
[30]曾琦华,张信果.白光LED用荧光粉的研究进展[J].中国稀土学报, 2011, 29(1): 8-17.
[31] RISK W P, GOSNELL T R, NURMIKKO A V. Compact Blue-Green Lasers[M] . London: Cambridge University Press, 2003 : 54-78.
[32]刘晃清,王玲玲,李宏健.氧化物纳米材料Y2O3:(Yb3+, Er3+)上转换发光性质的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2006, 126(18): 1396-1399.
[33]刘晓瑭.共掺体系中稀土离子间的电子转移及光谱特性研究[D].长春:东北师范大学, 2005: 6-7.
[34]郑会龙.上转换发光材料的合成、表征及发光性质的研究[D],大连:大连海事大学, 2008: 30-35.
[35]韩喜江.现代仪器分析实验[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2004:177-193.
[36] YANG M D, LIU Y K, SHEN J L. Study of Energy Transfer from Sb3+,Bi3+,Ce3+to Sm3+,Eu3+,Tb3+,Dy3+[J]. J Chem Phys, 1967, 47(6):1920-1926.
[37] PANDOZZI F, VERTONE J C. A Spectroscopic Analysis of Blue and Ultraviolet Upconverted Emissions from Gd3Ga5O12:Tm3+/Yb3+ Nanocrystals[J]. Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 17400-17405.
[38]丁庆磊,刘政威,夏艳琴,等. Er3+/Yb3+共掺杂纯氧化物材料上转换发光特性的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2006, 26(4): 610-613.
[39] CHEN G Y, ZHANG Y G, Somesfalean G, etal. Two-color Upconversion in rare-earth-ion-doped ZrO2 Nanocrystals[J]. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 2006, 89: 105-163.
[40]杨魁胜,高艳敏,翟海青,等. Yb3+, Er3+掺杂的NaGd(MoO4)2纳米晶的制备及发光性能[J].中国稀土学报, 2009, 27 (3): 339-400.
[41] CHEN G Y, LIU Y. Ho3+ to Yb3+ Back Transfer and Thermal Quenching of Upconversion Green Emission in Fluoride Crystals[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 91, 103-133.
[42] PANDOZZI F, VERTONE F, BOYER J C. A Spectroscopic Analysis of Blue and Ultraviolet Upconverted Emissions from Gd3Ga5O12: Tm3+, Yb3+ Nanocrystals[J]. Phys Chem B, 2005, 109: 17400-17405.
[43] AUZEL F, CHEM S. Cation Substitution Models of Congruent LiNbO3Investigated by X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction[J]. Phys Chem Solids, 1994, 55(2): 145-152.
[44] MATSUUR A D. Red, Green, Blue Upconversion Luminescence of Trivalent-Rare-Earth Ion-Doped Y2O3 Nanocrystals[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 81: 4526-4528.