浅埋近距离煤层开采岩层结构特征和控制技术研究
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摘要
神东矿区作为我国第一个亿吨级矿区,随着开采强度的不断增大,开采中出现了一些特殊的地质条件,比如近距离、薄基岩、断层带等,在特殊地质条件下开采更容易出现台阶下沉、压架、水灾等灾害,矿压显现剧烈程度不一。本文根据神东石圪台矿浅埋深、近距离这一特殊地质条件结合现场实际观测数据及理论分析,研究层间距1-6米,6-15米,15米以上等不同情况下浅埋近距离煤层矿压显现的规律并分析其原因,对近距离煤层同采的稳定性进行了分析并提出了安全开采的措施,评价与预测浅埋近距离条件下支架的选型及合理工作阻力。通过研究得出以下结论：
1)通过对石圪台12103工作面的现场观测,总结了浅埋近距离煤层工作面矿压显现规律及影响因素,分析不同层间距及过煤柱等特殊区域矿压显现规律。
2)分析近距离条件下上覆围岩运动规律,建立了近距离条件下上下煤层同采工作面合理错距的理论模型,提出了稳压式布置跟减压式布置方式,得出了合理错距计算公式,结合层间距、层间岩块失稳方式,提出了近距离煤层安全开采的判别条件
3)根据上下煤层开采垮落带贯通情况(不同层间距)建立3种支架一围岩力学模型,对12103工作面的额定工作阻力进行了验证,结合相邻工作面的具体条件对其合理工作阻力进行预测,为支架选型提供依据。
4)根据煤柱周围区域应力分布规律,对石圪台矿在近距离条件下下煤层回采巷道布置形式进行了研究,总结出三种不同布置的适用条件及布置参数。
Shendong mining as the first one hundred million ton mining area, with the increasing intensity of mining, mining some of the special geological conditions, such as close, thin bedrock fault zone, in the special geological conditions, mining easy steps to sink, the pressure frame, floods and other disasters, Strata behavior different intensity. This article according to east the god Shi Getai the ore shallow burying depth, the short distance this special geological condition, unifies the scene actual observation data and the theoretical analysis, to the level spacing1-6meter,6-15meter,15meters the shallow submersion short distance coal bed ore presses the appearance by the superior different situation in the rule and analyzes its reason, with the stability which picked carries on to the short distance coal bed has analyzed and proposed the safe mining measure, the appraisal and under the forecast shallow submersion short distance condition the support shaping and the reasonable working resistance. The following conclusions by studying
1)12103Face Shigetai field observations, summed up the shallow distance seam mining face pressure behavior law and influencing factors, analysis of the pressure behavior law of the special area of the spacing of the different layers and through coal pillar mine.
2) Analysis of overlying rock movement law under the condition of short distance, was established near distance coal seam with coal mining face under the conditions of the theory of rational staggered distance model, raised regulators type layout with decompression-type arrangement to come up with rational staggered distance formula, combined with the space between layers and layer instability of rock, made a short distance coal seam mining conditions of security.
3) Establishment of three kinds of stents-rock mechanics model of the upper and lower seam mining caving zone through (different layer spacing)12103Face rated resistance was validated by the specific conditions combined with the adjacent face of its reasonable working resistance forecasts, provides a basis for stent selection.
4) According to the coal column the peripheral region stress distribution rule, the ore returned to Shi Getai in the short distance condition one after next coal bed picks the tunnel arrangement form to conduct the research, summarized three kind of different arrangement suitable conditions and the arrangement parameter.
1)通过对石圪台12103工作面的现场观测,总结了浅埋近距离煤层工作面矿压显现规律及影响因素,分析不同层间距及过煤柱等特殊区域矿压显现规律。
2)分析近距离条件下上覆围岩运动规律,建立了近距离条件下上下煤层同采工作面合理错距的理论模型,提出了稳压式布置跟减压式布置方式,得出了合理错距计算公式,结合层间距、层间岩块失稳方式,提出了近距离煤层安全开采的判别条件
3)根据上下煤层开采垮落带贯通情况(不同层间距)建立3种支架一围岩力学模型,对12103工作面的额定工作阻力进行了验证,结合相邻工作面的具体条件对其合理工作阻力进行预测,为支架选型提供依据。
4)根据煤柱周围区域应力分布规律,对石圪台矿在近距离条件下下煤层回采巷道布置形式进行了研究,总结出三种不同布置的适用条件及布置参数。
Shendong mining as the first one hundred million ton mining area, with the increasing intensity of mining, mining some of the special geological conditions, such as close, thin bedrock fault zone, in the special geological conditions, mining easy steps to sink, the pressure frame, floods and other disasters, Strata behavior different intensity. This article according to east the god Shi Getai the ore shallow burying depth, the short distance this special geological condition, unifies the scene actual observation data and the theoretical analysis, to the level spacing1-6meter,6-15meter,15meters the shallow submersion short distance coal bed ore presses the appearance by the superior different situation in the rule and analyzes its reason, with the stability which picked carries on to the short distance coal bed has analyzed and proposed the safe mining measure, the appraisal and under the forecast shallow submersion short distance condition the support shaping and the reasonable working resistance. The following conclusions by studying
1)12103Face Shigetai field observations, summed up the shallow distance seam mining face pressure behavior law and influencing factors, analysis of the pressure behavior law of the special area of the spacing of the different layers and through coal pillar mine.
2) Analysis of overlying rock movement law under the condition of short distance, was established near distance coal seam with coal mining face under the conditions of the theory of rational staggered distance model, raised regulators type layout with decompression-type arrangement to come up with rational staggered distance formula, combined with the space between layers and layer instability of rock, made a short distance coal seam mining conditions of security.
3) Establishment of three kinds of stents-rock mechanics model of the upper and lower seam mining caving zone through (different layer spacing)12103Face rated resistance was validated by the specific conditions combined with the adjacent face of its reasonable working resistance forecasts, provides a basis for stent selection.
4) According to the coal column the peripheral region stress distribution rule, the ore returned to Shi Getai in the short distance condition one after next coal bed picks the tunnel arrangement form to conduct the research, summarized three kind of different arrangement suitable conditions and the arrangement parameter.
引文
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