浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术对心肌的保护作用
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摘要
目的:本研究从临床、生化和组织学方面探讨浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术的心肌保护作用。
     方法:第一部分进行了浅低温心脏心脏不停跳心内直视手术的临床研究。选择2000年9月至2001年9月房缺(ASD)或室缺(VSD)患者40例,随机分两组(低温停跳组和浅低温不停跳组),其中停跳组20例(ASD11例、VSD 9例),不停跳组20例(ASD 11例、VSD 9例)组间术前心功能(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级)、年龄(6.8±3.7)岁、体重(21.6±8.4)Kg、性别分布无明显差异。观察两组患者术中体外循环时间、最低鼻咽温,术后48小时内务时间点SBp、DBp、HK、CVP、T,以及术后呼吸机支持时间,心包、纵隔引流量。
     第二部分对浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术心肌保护作用进行了实验研究。随机选取上述病例中低温停跳组患者8例和浅低温不停跳组患者12例进行研究。实验组(Ⅰ组):不阻断主动脉,仅阻断上、下腔静脉,心脏处于空搏状态,控制鼻咽温在31℃~34℃浅低温范围内,采用中高流量灌注(100-120ml/kg/min),心率70~90次/分。对照组(Ⅱ组):中低度低温28℃~30℃,阻断上下腔静脉及主动脉,灌注4℃St.Thomas停搏液。两组均开石心房置入冠状静脉窦(CS)灌注管,实验组分别于CPB前(T_1)、CPB 15min(T_2)、CPB停止时(T_3)及停止后15min(T_4)取CS血和石心房心肌,对照组分别于转流前(T_1)、主动脉阻断时(T_2)、主动脉开放时(T_3)、主动脉开放后15min(T_4)UX CS血和右心房心肌。测定冠状静脉血中SOD、CK、LDH的活性和MDA的含量,测定心肌组织匀浆中Ca~(2+)-ATPase、NOS的活性,观察两组心房肌超微结构的变化。
    
     浅低温心皿小停跳心内刽N下术的心肌仪护什川 中义摘要
     结果:第一部分:1组术中平均转流时间较11组明显缩短,转流期间最
     低灌注压和最低鼻咽温均明显高于*组;I组术后血-流动力学稳定,而
     11组入室后加时田P较入室时显著降低汀0.05),且术后升压药使
     用例数、输血例数及心律失常发生例数均较1组多:入室1加时体温较
     1组升高(P的.05),术后呼吸机支持时间较1组明显延长
     (P(.05)
     第二部分:体外循环开始后 T。、T。、T*段两组 LDH、CK均呈上升
     趋势(P<0.01或 P(.05),11组 T。T。时段明显高于 1组(P<0.of)
     体外循环开始后两组SOD均呈下降趋势u的.of或P的.05),11组在
     T。时段明显低 于 1组(P<0.05)。11组 MDA 明显增 多(P<0.01 或
     K0.05),在儿 L*刻明显高于1组吓<.05)。11组心肌组织h’”-
     ATPase活性在 T,;T。;ill“段较 T;d段下降明显 (P.05)并在 T。时段明显
     低于1组计0.05)。1组心组肌织mS活性仅在儿时段较前下降u
     <O.05)并在* D段恢复至转流前水平,而11组在* 日段较官即显著
     下降,在L时刻也未能恢复到转流前水平。在儿时段1组心组肌织细
     胞水肿及线粒休改变程度均较11组轻。
     结论:浅低温心肌小停跳心内丘视平术与作统的体外沥环手术相比能明
     显缩短丁术;IJ们、减轻了手术对心脏功能的影响,起到了较好的心肌保
     护作用。
Objective: To evaluate the effect of beating heart with mild hypothermia on the myocardium protection during cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: In Part I, 40 patients were randomly divided into two groups: beating heart with mild hypothermia group (Group I, n=20) and cold cardioplegic arrest heart surgery group (Group II, n=20). In both groups, the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, the lowest temperature of nasales pharynx, SBP, DBF, HR, CVP, T in 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 h after operation, the time of respiratory support, drainage volume of pericardium and mediastinum were measured. In Part II, 20 patients were randomly divided into two groups: beating heart with mild hypothermia (Group I, n=12) and cold cardioplegic arrest heart surgery group(Group II, n=8). In Group I, the levels of LDH, CK, MDA, SOD and the activities of myocardiac Ca2+-ATPase and NOS were individually measured before CPB(T1), at 15 min after CPB(T2), at the end of CPB(T3) and 15 min after weaning from CPB(T4); In Group II, those p
    arameters were asle measured before CPB(T1), after aortic clamp(T2), aortic clamp released (T3) and at 15 min after weaning from CPB(T4).
    Results: In Part I, the incidences of restoring spontaneous heart-beat, dopamine-required and defibrallation rate were obviously lower, the time of respiratory supportion was significantly shortened and drainage volume of pericardium and mediastium also markedly reduced after cardiac surgery in Group I than that in group II. In Part II, the levels of LDH, CK, MDA were lower in Group I than those in Group II at corresponding time. The activities of myocardiac Ca2+-ATPase and NOS were higher in Group I than those in Group II.
    
    
    Conclusions: Beating heart with mild hypothermia during open heart surgery
    could reduce the serum activities of LDH and the CK and tevels of MDA, and
    increase activities of serum SOD and myocardial Ca2+-ATPase and NOS, It
    was implied that the effective myocardial protection was obtained by beating
    heart with mild hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass.
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