B和Q型烟粉虱对寄主植物适应性研究
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摘要
本研究以寄主植物长期隔离饲养的烟粉虱为材料,研究寄主植物营养及次生物质对B、Q型烟粉虱成虫体内主要消化酶、氨基酸代谢酶、体内主要营养物质及雌雄成虫体长的影响。同时比较B型烟粉虱四个不同寄主种群和Q型烟粉虱一品红种群体内游离氨基酸的差异；为研究烟粉虱对寄主植物的适应性、种群分化、.生物型替代及综合防治等提供理论依据,主要结论如下：
1寄主植物营养差异：不同寄主植物体内主要营养物质及植物次生物质的含量均有显著差异。一品红和甘蓝总糖含量显著高于其它三种寄主植物；黄瓜总氮和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于其它四种寄主植物,棉花和一品红总氮和可溶性蛋白含量最低；甘蓝游离脂肪酸含量显著高于其它四种寄主植物；甘蓝、黄瓜和番茄含水量显著高于棉花和一品红；一品红总氨基酸和总酚含量显著高于其它四种寄主植物。
2烟粉虱体内主要营养物质差异：不同寄主种群及生物型烟粉虱体内营养物质存在显著差异,其中B型棉花种群体内总糖含量最高,B型黄瓜种群含量最低.五个寄主种群烟粉虱体内总脂含量也存在极显著差异,以B型棉花种群含量最高,B型番茄种群含量最低。而不同寄主种群及不同生物型烟粉虱体内总蛋白和水含量均无显著差异。
3不同寄主种群及生物型烟粉虱雌雄成虫体长比较：结果表明B型黄瓜、B型番茄和B型棉花种群雌虫体长显著大于B型甘蓝和Q型一品红种群。B型黄瓜和B型棉花种群雄虫体长显著大于B型甘蓝、B型番茄和Q型一品红种群,其中B型黄瓜种群最大,Q型一品红种群最小。
4消化酶活力比较：经不同寄主植物长期隔离饲养,B型烟粉虱不同寄主种群及Q型烟粉虱一品红种群体内蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性均无显著差异；而海藻糖酶和蔗糖酶活性差异显著。B型番茄种群和Q型一品红种群海藻糖酶活力显著高于B型棉花、B型黄瓜和B型甘蓝种群；B型番茄种群蔗糖酶活力显著高于其它四个种群,Q型一品红种群蔗糖酶活力最低。
5氨基酸代谢酶活力比较：B型棉花种群谷草转氨酶GOT活力最高,Q型一品红种群最低；B型棉花种群和Q型一品红种群谷丙转氨酶GPT活力显著高于其他三个种群；Q型一品红种群谷氨酰胺合成酶GS活力显著高于B型烟粉虱四个种群。
6游离氨基酸比较：通过比较B和Q型烟粉虱不同寄主种群之间游离氨基酸种类和含量,发现Q型烟粉虱一品红种群磷酸丝氨酸、磷乙醇胺、苏氨酸、色氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、p-丙氨酸、酪氨酸的百分含量均显著高于B型烟粉虱种群。而天冬酰胺在B型烟粉虱不同寄主种群及Q型烟粉虱一品红种群之间无显著差异。在B型烟粉虱4个不同寄主种群及Q型烟粉虱一品红中,游离氨基酸含量存在显著差异,B型黄瓜种群>B型甘蓝种群>B型番茄种群>Q型一品红种群>B型棉花种群。但瓜氨酸仅存在黄瓜中,而鹅肌肽仅存于Q型一品红种群中。
B型烟粉虱四个不同寄主种群体内各种游离氨基酸百分含量除色氨酸,蛋氨酸,半胱氨酸,苏氨酸,p-丙氨酸无显著差异外,其他各类氨基酸在B型烟粉虱不同寄主种群中均具显著差异。
根据烟粉虱体内游离氨基酸的组成,采用判别分析方法,对不同寄主种群进行区分,发现五种不同寄主种群烟粉虱可明显分为五类,表明寄主植物营养对烟粉虱体内游离氨基酸的组成和含量具有显著影响。
Using four host populations of B-biotype Bemisia tabaci and one of Q-biotype B. tabaci, which had been long-term isolatedly cultured on different host plants, we determine the effects of host nutrition and secondary metabolites on'the activities of main digestive enzymes and amino acid metabolism enzyme. We also compared the differences of insect main nutrition, body size and the composition and contents of free amino acid. The results offered the theoretical basis for studing on the adaptation to host plants, Population Division, biotype alternative, comprehensive control of Bemisia tabaci. Our results as follows.
Variation of host plant nutrition:The contents and composition of plant nutrition and secondary metabolites were significant different in five host plants. Total sugar contents of poinsettia and cabbage were significantly higher than the other three host plants. Total nitrogen and soluble protein contents of cucumber were highest, followed by cotton and poinsettia, and lowest in cabbage and tomato. Fatty acid content of cabbage was significantly higher than the other four host plants. The water contents of cabbage, cucumber and tomato were significantly higher than those of cotton and poinsettia.Total amino acid and total phenolic content of poinsettia were significantly higher than other four host plants.
Variation of main nutrition contents:of whitefly. Results of main nutritions among different host populations of B. tabaci indicated that the contents of total sugars and lipids of cotton population were significantly higher than those of other four host populations. B-biotype cucumber population was the lowest; The total protein and water content in different host populations and different bio types of B. tabaci showed no significant difference.
Variation of adult body size of male and female among different host populations: Female body size of B-biotype cucumber, B-biotype tomato and B-biotype cotton populations were significantly larger than B-biotype cabbage and Q-biotype poinsettia populations. Male body size of B-biotype cucumber and cotton populations was significantly larger than B-biotype cabbage, B-biotype tomato and Q-biotype poinsettia populations. Of which male body size of B-biotype cucumber population was the largest, while Q-biotype poinsettia population was the lowest.
Digestive enzymes:There were no significant variations in protease, lipase and amylase activity among four B-biotype host populations and Q-biotype poinsettia population. In contrast, significant differences were found in trehalase and invertase activities. Trehalase activity of B-biotype tomato and Q-biotype poinsettia population was significantly higher than B-biotype cotton, B-biotype cucumber and B-biotype cabbage population. In addition, invertase activity of B-type tomato population was significantly higher than other host populations, and the invertase activity of Q-biotype poinsettia population was the lowest.
Amino acid metabolism enzymes:GOT activity of B-biotype cotton population was the highest, while Q-biotype poinsettia population was the lowest. GPT activity of B-biotype cotton and Q-biotype poinsettia populations were significantly higher than other three host populations. GS activity of Q-biotype poinsettia population was significantly higher than four B-biotype host populations.
Variation of free amino acids:Contents of phosphorylation of serine, ethanolamine phosphate, threonine, tryptophan, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine,β-alanine, tyrosine in Q-biotype were significantly higher than those of B-biotype. In contrast, there were no significant differences in contents of asparagine among four B-biotype host populations and one Q-biotype poinsettia population. There were significant differences in contents of free amino acids among four B-biotype host populations and Q-biotype poinsettia populations. The contents of free amino acids ranked as follows. B-biotype cucumber, B-biotype cabbage, B-biotype tomato, Q-biotype poinsettia and B-biotype cotton populations. However, the citrulline was only detected in B-biotype cucumber population, while Q-carnosine was only detected in Q-biotype poinsettia population. There were significant differences in contents of various amino acids except tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, threonine andβ-alanine in four different B-biotype host populations.
According to variations of the composition and contents of free amino acids in five B. tabaci host populations, we used discriminating analysis to distinguish host populations and found that the different host populations were classified into five categories. The results indicated that host plant nutritions had significant effects on composition and content of free amino acid of whitefly.
1寄主植物营养差异：不同寄主植物体内主要营养物质及植物次生物质的含量均有显著差异。一品红和甘蓝总糖含量显著高于其它三种寄主植物；黄瓜总氮和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于其它四种寄主植物,棉花和一品红总氮和可溶性蛋白含量最低；甘蓝游离脂肪酸含量显著高于其它四种寄主植物；甘蓝、黄瓜和番茄含水量显著高于棉花和一品红；一品红总氨基酸和总酚含量显著高于其它四种寄主植物。
2烟粉虱体内主要营养物质差异：不同寄主种群及生物型烟粉虱体内营养物质存在显著差异,其中B型棉花种群体内总糖含量最高,B型黄瓜种群含量最低.五个寄主种群烟粉虱体内总脂含量也存在极显著差异,以B型棉花种群含量最高,B型番茄种群含量最低。而不同寄主种群及不同生物型烟粉虱体内总蛋白和水含量均无显著差异。
3不同寄主种群及生物型烟粉虱雌雄成虫体长比较：结果表明B型黄瓜、B型番茄和B型棉花种群雌虫体长显著大于B型甘蓝和Q型一品红种群。B型黄瓜和B型棉花种群雄虫体长显著大于B型甘蓝、B型番茄和Q型一品红种群,其中B型黄瓜种群最大,Q型一品红种群最小。
4消化酶活力比较：经不同寄主植物长期隔离饲养,B型烟粉虱不同寄主种群及Q型烟粉虱一品红种群体内蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶活性均无显著差异；而海藻糖酶和蔗糖酶活性差异显著。B型番茄种群和Q型一品红种群海藻糖酶活力显著高于B型棉花、B型黄瓜和B型甘蓝种群；B型番茄种群蔗糖酶活力显著高于其它四个种群,Q型一品红种群蔗糖酶活力最低。
5氨基酸代谢酶活力比较：B型棉花种群谷草转氨酶GOT活力最高,Q型一品红种群最低；B型棉花种群和Q型一品红种群谷丙转氨酶GPT活力显著高于其他三个种群；Q型一品红种群谷氨酰胺合成酶GS活力显著高于B型烟粉虱四个种群。
6游离氨基酸比较：通过比较B和Q型烟粉虱不同寄主种群之间游离氨基酸种类和含量,发现Q型烟粉虱一品红种群磷酸丝氨酸、磷乙醇胺、苏氨酸、色氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、p-丙氨酸、酪氨酸的百分含量均显著高于B型烟粉虱种群。而天冬酰胺在B型烟粉虱不同寄主种群及Q型烟粉虱一品红种群之间无显著差异。在B型烟粉虱4个不同寄主种群及Q型烟粉虱一品红中,游离氨基酸含量存在显著差异,B型黄瓜种群>B型甘蓝种群>B型番茄种群>Q型一品红种群>B型棉花种群。但瓜氨酸仅存在黄瓜中,而鹅肌肽仅存于Q型一品红种群中。
B型烟粉虱四个不同寄主种群体内各种游离氨基酸百分含量除色氨酸,蛋氨酸,半胱氨酸,苏氨酸,p-丙氨酸无显著差异外,其他各类氨基酸在B型烟粉虱不同寄主种群中均具显著差异。
根据烟粉虱体内游离氨基酸的组成,采用判别分析方法,对不同寄主种群进行区分,发现五种不同寄主种群烟粉虱可明显分为五类,表明寄主植物营养对烟粉虱体内游离氨基酸的组成和含量具有显著影响。
Using four host populations of B-biotype Bemisia tabaci and one of Q-biotype B. tabaci, which had been long-term isolatedly cultured on different host plants, we determine the effects of host nutrition and secondary metabolites on'the activities of main digestive enzymes and amino acid metabolism enzyme. We also compared the differences of insect main nutrition, body size and the composition and contents of free amino acid. The results offered the theoretical basis for studing on the adaptation to host plants, Population Division, biotype alternative, comprehensive control of Bemisia tabaci. Our results as follows.
Variation of host plant nutrition:The contents and composition of plant nutrition and secondary metabolites were significant different in five host plants. Total sugar contents of poinsettia and cabbage were significantly higher than the other three host plants. Total nitrogen and soluble protein contents of cucumber were highest, followed by cotton and poinsettia, and lowest in cabbage and tomato. Fatty acid content of cabbage was significantly higher than the other four host plants. The water contents of cabbage, cucumber and tomato were significantly higher than those of cotton and poinsettia.Total amino acid and total phenolic content of poinsettia were significantly higher than other four host plants.
Variation of main nutrition contents:of whitefly. Results of main nutritions among different host populations of B. tabaci indicated that the contents of total sugars and lipids of cotton population were significantly higher than those of other four host populations. B-biotype cucumber population was the lowest; The total protein and water content in different host populations and different bio types of B. tabaci showed no significant difference.
Variation of adult body size of male and female among different host populations: Female body size of B-biotype cucumber, B-biotype tomato and B-biotype cotton populations were significantly larger than B-biotype cabbage and Q-biotype poinsettia populations. Male body size of B-biotype cucumber and cotton populations was significantly larger than B-biotype cabbage, B-biotype tomato and Q-biotype poinsettia populations. Of which male body size of B-biotype cucumber population was the largest, while Q-biotype poinsettia population was the lowest.
Digestive enzymes:There were no significant variations in protease, lipase and amylase activity among four B-biotype host populations and Q-biotype poinsettia population. In contrast, significant differences were found in trehalase and invertase activities. Trehalase activity of B-biotype tomato and Q-biotype poinsettia population was significantly higher than B-biotype cotton, B-biotype cucumber and B-biotype cabbage population. In addition, invertase activity of B-type tomato population was significantly higher than other host populations, and the invertase activity of Q-biotype poinsettia population was the lowest.
Amino acid metabolism enzymes:GOT activity of B-biotype cotton population was the highest, while Q-biotype poinsettia population was the lowest. GPT activity of B-biotype cotton and Q-biotype poinsettia populations were significantly higher than other three host populations. GS activity of Q-biotype poinsettia population was significantly higher than four B-biotype host populations.
Variation of free amino acids:Contents of phosphorylation of serine, ethanolamine phosphate, threonine, tryptophan, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine,β-alanine, tyrosine in Q-biotype were significantly higher than those of B-biotype. In contrast, there were no significant differences in contents of asparagine among four B-biotype host populations and one Q-biotype poinsettia population. There were significant differences in contents of free amino acids among four B-biotype host populations and Q-biotype poinsettia populations. The contents of free amino acids ranked as follows. B-biotype cucumber, B-biotype cabbage, B-biotype tomato, Q-biotype poinsettia and B-biotype cotton populations. However, the citrulline was only detected in B-biotype cucumber population, while Q-carnosine was only detected in Q-biotype poinsettia population. There were significant differences in contents of various amino acids except tryptophan, methionine, cysteine, threonine andβ-alanine in four different B-biotype host populations.
According to variations of the composition and contents of free amino acids in five B. tabaci host populations, we used discriminating analysis to distinguish host populations and found that the different host populations were classified into five categories. The results indicated that host plant nutritions had significant effects on composition and content of free amino acid of whitefly.
引文
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