永磁筒式磁选机的磁场分析及其计算机辅助设计
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摘要
永磁筒式磁选机是利用不同矿物之间的磁性差异,在不均匀磁场中使矿物分离的一种选矿方式。对不均匀磁场即磁选机磁场特性的分析是改进磁选机磁系结构,提高磁选效率的必要前提。而对永磁体外界磁场分布的分析计算又是对磁选机磁场特性分析的前提。计算永磁体外界磁场的数值一般可以用四种方法:磁库伦定律法,毕奥-萨伐尔,复变函数法和有限元法。
本文首先用磁库仑定律推导了永磁体外部空间磁场分布的解析表达式,其次利用毕奥-萨伐尔定理推导方块形永磁体磁场分布的解析表达式。由于永磁体磁选的磁系是由多块块状的永磁体叠加而成的,利用磁库仑定律和毕奥-萨伐尔定理计算永磁体的外部空间磁场仅对单块永磁体来说比较简洁,但是要计算多块永磁体组合成的磁选机磁系外部磁场的数值计算量就非常大。所以本文采用复变函数法计算永磁体磁选机的磁场。
同时,详细阐述了磁选机的工作原理及影响其磁场特性的因素,同时对筒式磁选机磁极性不变,慢速转动时的矿粒受力分析和对筒式磁选机磁极性交替,慢速转动时的矿粒受力分析。而且对矿物质磁化的起因及其影响矿物质磁性的因素进行了分析和概述;并用复变函数法对磁选机的磁场进行了计算分析。
此外,利用电磁场分析软件Ansoft对磁选机的磁场进行了静态和瞬态仿真分析。并在此基础上,对磁选机进行了设计优化即加入了辅助磁系后的磁选机的磁场进行了分析。
The permanent magnet drum separator is a mineral processing equipment to make the separation of minerals, which is use of magnetic differences between the different minerals in the non-uniform magnetic field. The analysis to the characteristics of non-uniform magnetic fields that magnetic field properties of the magnetic separator is a necessary prerequisite for improving magnetic separator magnetic structures and the efficiency of magnetic Separation. The analysis and calculation to distribution of permanent external magnetic field is critical of the analysis to magnetic field characteristics of the magnetic separator. Generally, to calculate value of external magnetic field of permanent magnet can be used four methods: Magnetic Coulomb's law method, Biot-Savart Law, Complex variable function method and the finite element method.
Firstly, this paper has derived analytical expressions of permanent magnet external space’s magnetic field distribution with the magnetic coulomb's law. Followed, box-shaped permanent magnet magnetic field analytical expressions have been derived by Biot-Savart theorem. As the permanent magnet separator's magnetic system is composed of a multi-block bulk of the permanent magnet,It is rather simple using magnetic coulomb's law and Biot-Savart theorem to calculate external magnetic field of a single block of permanent magnet. But to calculate value of the external magnetic field of magnetic system that consists of multi-block permanent magnet is very difficult. So this paper uses complex function to calculate the magnetic field of permanent magnet separator.
The cause of magnetic minerals and the factors that affect the magnetic minerals were analyzed and summarized.At the same time, elaborated on the working principle of the magnetic separator and the factors of affecting magnetic separator magnetic properties. The constant magnetic polarity of the drum Separator, slow rotation of the mineral particles carried out stress analysis.The drum separator of alternating magnetic polarity,slow rotation of the mineral particles carried out stress analysis.The magnetic field on the magnetic separator was calculated and analyzed using complex variable method. In addition, the static magnetic field and transient magnetic field of the magnetic separator were simulated using the electromagnetic field analysis software Ansoft. And on this basis, the magnetic separator has been designed for optimal magnetic system by adding a secondary magnetic separator and analysis of its magnetic field. The magnetic separator has been designed for optimized system after adding a secondary magnetic separator and analysis of its magnetic field.
本文首先用磁库仑定律推导了永磁体外部空间磁场分布的解析表达式,其次利用毕奥-萨伐尔定理推导方块形永磁体磁场分布的解析表达式。由于永磁体磁选的磁系是由多块块状的永磁体叠加而成的,利用磁库仑定律和毕奥-萨伐尔定理计算永磁体的外部空间磁场仅对单块永磁体来说比较简洁,但是要计算多块永磁体组合成的磁选机磁系外部磁场的数值计算量就非常大。所以本文采用复变函数法计算永磁体磁选机的磁场。
同时,详细阐述了磁选机的工作原理及影响其磁场特性的因素,同时对筒式磁选机磁极性不变,慢速转动时的矿粒受力分析和对筒式磁选机磁极性交替,慢速转动时的矿粒受力分析。而且对矿物质磁化的起因及其影响矿物质磁性的因素进行了分析和概述;并用复变函数法对磁选机的磁场进行了计算分析。
此外,利用电磁场分析软件Ansoft对磁选机的磁场进行了静态和瞬态仿真分析。并在此基础上,对磁选机进行了设计优化即加入了辅助磁系后的磁选机的磁场进行了分析。
The permanent magnet drum separator is a mineral processing equipment to make the separation of minerals, which is use of magnetic differences between the different minerals in the non-uniform magnetic field. The analysis to the characteristics of non-uniform magnetic fields that magnetic field properties of the magnetic separator is a necessary prerequisite for improving magnetic separator magnetic structures and the efficiency of magnetic Separation. The analysis and calculation to distribution of permanent external magnetic field is critical of the analysis to magnetic field characteristics of the magnetic separator. Generally, to calculate value of external magnetic field of permanent magnet can be used four methods: Magnetic Coulomb's law method, Biot-Savart Law, Complex variable function method and the finite element method.
Firstly, this paper has derived analytical expressions of permanent magnet external space’s magnetic field distribution with the magnetic coulomb's law. Followed, box-shaped permanent magnet magnetic field analytical expressions have been derived by Biot-Savart theorem. As the permanent magnet separator's magnetic system is composed of a multi-block bulk of the permanent magnet,It is rather simple using magnetic coulomb's law and Biot-Savart theorem to calculate external magnetic field of a single block of permanent magnet. But to calculate value of the external magnetic field of magnetic system that consists of multi-block permanent magnet is very difficult. So this paper uses complex function to calculate the magnetic field of permanent magnet separator.
The cause of magnetic minerals and the factors that affect the magnetic minerals were analyzed and summarized.At the same time, elaborated on the working principle of the magnetic separator and the factors of affecting magnetic separator magnetic properties. The constant magnetic polarity of the drum Separator, slow rotation of the mineral particles carried out stress analysis.The drum separator of alternating magnetic polarity,slow rotation of the mineral particles carried out stress analysis.The magnetic field on the magnetic separator was calculated and analyzed using complex variable method. In addition, the static magnetic field and transient magnetic field of the magnetic separator were simulated using the electromagnetic field analysis software Ansoft. And on this basis, the magnetic separator has been designed for optimal magnetic system by adding a secondary magnetic separator and analysis of its magnetic field. The magnetic separator has been designed for optimized system after adding a secondary magnetic separator and analysis of its magnetic field.
引文
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[2]戴坚舟,刘宝坤,施善定.工科大学物理[M].上海:华东理工大学出版社,1992:20-30.
[3]杰克逊J D.经典电动力学[M].朱培豫译.北京:人民教育出版社,1980:50-56.
[4]郭硕鸿.电动力学.第二版[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997:134.
[5]王典成.电磁场理论与微波技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1986:353-355
[6]赵凯华,陈熙谋.电磁学[M]第二版,北京:高等教育出版社,2003:25-30.
[7]王月清,吴桂生,王石.工程电磁场导论[M].第一版。北京:电子工业出版社,2005:72-81.
[8]杨宪章,工程电磁学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:36-50.
[9]旺斯纳斯R K.电磁场[M].北京:科学出版社,1987:168—173.
[10]王常任.磁铁选矿[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1986:25-40.
[11]冯慈璋.电磁场(电工原理Ⅱ)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979:198—203.
[12]孙仲元.磁选理论[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社.1987:68-199
[13]周恩浦等.矿山机械(选矿机械部分)[M]。北京:冶金工业出版社,1982:15-25
[14]盛放,茆邦群,刘兵.永磁筒式磁选机磁场特性研究[J].矿业快报,2005,431(5):19-20.
[15](苏)杰尔卡奇,(苏)达秋克.电磁选矿学[M].邹运琳译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1957:19
[16]汪德新.电动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:32-33.
[17]荀晓凡,杨勇,郑晓静.矩形永磁体磁场分布的解析表达式[J].应用力学和力学,2004,25(3):271一278.
[18]彭会清,陈志新。稀土永磁磁场分布研究方法的评述[J].稀土矿业,2005,26(4):74-78
[19]李景天,宋一得.用等效磁荷法计算永磁体磁场[J].云南师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,(2):33—37.
[20]黄晓琴.麦克斯韦应力张量方法及其应用[M].高等教育出版社.1995:9-11.
[21]余恬,雷虹.电磁场分析中的应用数学[M].第一版。北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009:50-74.
[22]李静,胡先权.微小电流环与磁偶极子[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然版),2010,4(4):12-20。
[23]王明勇,郎志坚.方形磁体的空间磁场分布[J].磁性材料及器件,2001,32(6):17-20.
[24]梁昆淼.数学物理方法(第二版)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979:441—484.
[25]曹伟杰.保角变换理论及其应用[M].上海:科学技术文献出版社,1988:45-60.
[26]徐世浙.地球物理中的复变函数[M]北京:科学出版社,1993,128—214.
[27]Dehua Wang.Photodetachment of H—in Parallel Electric and Magnetic Fields near An Elastic Surface[J].The Eropean Physics Journal D,2007,45(2).
[28]任福尧.应用复分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1993.20-33
[29]刘国强,赵凌志,蒋继娅。Ansoft工程电磁场有限元分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:11-16
[30]曾攀.有限元分析基础教程[M].清华大学,2008:20-50
[31]廖日东,有限元法原理简明教程[M].第一版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2009:12-60
[32]符果行.经典电磁场理论[M].电子科技大学出版社,1980:10-20
[33]陈重,崔正勤,胡冰.电磁场理论基础[M].第二版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2010:198-207.
[34]张宗华.选矿电磁学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社.1993:213
[35]倪光正.电磁场数值计算[M].高等教育出版社,1996:10-50
[36]周克定。工程电磁场数值计算理论方法及应用[M].高等教育出版社,1989
[37]陈丕璋,严烈通,姚若萍.电机电磁场理论与计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1986,57—68.
[38]全泽松.电磁场理论[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1995:5-30
[39] David J.G.Introduction to Electrodynamics[M]﹒New Jersey﹕Prentice Hall﹐
[40]赵博,张洪亮。Ansoft12在工程电磁场中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010,1-3.
[41]罗芳,张昆仑.常导磁悬浮车悬浮电磁铁的电磁场分析[J].机车电传动,2002,1(1):27-34
[42]徐建民.由复势函数求场强梯度的公式[J].科学通报,1982.27(15):958—959
[43]徐建民.由复势函数求场强梯度的公式的证明[J].矿冶科学与工程新迸展.北京:冶金工业出版社。1996.75—76
[44] P.Campbell,M.V.K.Chari,J.D Angeio.Tree-dimensional Finite Element Solution of Permanent Magnet Machines.IEEE Trans on MAG.1981.17(6):2997-2999
[45]徐建民.窄长磁Ns极相间排列的橡塑磁板磁场的计算[J].有色金属,1998.50(1):24-27.
[46]徐建民,徐建成.圆柱形多极磁选机磁场分布和场强梯度的解析计算[J].有色金属,2001.53(4):66-69.
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