卫星移动通信中地面移动载体天线终端的研究与设计
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摘要
随着卫星通信技术和自动控制技术的不断发展,在运动过程中实现与卫星实时数据交换的需求变得越来越旺盛。因此,被称为“动中通”的卫星通信技术及其器部件研究和开发成为当前卫星通信技术领域的研究热点。“动中通”可视为一种搭建在汽车、火车、飞机(含直升机)、轮船等移动载体上,并在载体运动过程中仍能够保证与地球同步卫星实现双向通信的平台。“动中通”可在载体运动过程中实现宽带卫星通信,传输视频图像、语音、数据信息,在军民领域都有广泛的用途。在卫星通信系统中,地面卫星接收天线多采用性能较为优越的反射面天线,但这类天线体积大、重量大、调整困难,直接移植到移动载体上通常会产生卫星通信平台占用体积过大,过于笨重影响移动载体的机动性等问题。于是研制重量轻、体积小,低剖面、便于大批量生产、易于控制安装的移动载体用卫星收发天线成为当前“动中通”系统研发的主要难题。
本文的主要工作是针对在中国“动中通”的特殊应用需求,提出一种低剖面、低成本的“动中通”终端天线的设计方案,并设计一种能用于此方案的平板天线。本文的主要贡献和创新点可以归纳为以下几个方面:
(1)针对“动中通”系统对天线的要求,提出了一种低剖面、低成本“动中通”天线终端方案,给出相应指标。
(2)提出了一种适用于本文“动中通”方案中平板阵列的双极化天线单元新设计,分析评估了其各项性能。
(3)结合本文“动中通”方案对天线的要求,优化设计了一个6×16元微带天线阵列,开展和完成了天线方案的可行性验证评估。(4)优化设计了适宜于天线方案的复杂大型双极化馈电网络,并提出了相应的
相位补偿技术。
(5)对接收平板分块微带阵列与馈电波导功分器的整合过渡进行了设计。上述研究结果表明,本文提出的“动中通”天线终端方案是可行的,给出的相关性能指标合理,这为该天线系统的进一步工程实用化奠定了基础。
With the development of satellite communication technology and automation control technology, the demand to achieve real-time data exchange with the satellite while the earth station carrier in movement is greatly increased. So, the research and development of the SOTM (Satellite-communication-on-the-move) technology and relevant equipments become a focus area of satellite communication technology. The earth stations mounted on automotive, train, aircraft (including helicopter), ship and other mobile carriers are commonly referred to as“mobile station”, which can guarantee two-way communication of the carrier and geostationary satellites when the carriers are moving. This platform enables mobile carriers to obtain broadband satellite communications such as transmitting videos, images, voices, data, information, making it a powerful tool in military and civilian fields.
In satellite communication systems, ground terminal antenna are usually reflector antenna which has many advantages for receiving satellite signals, but such antennas are bulky, heavy, and difficult to adjust. So it's not suitable to transplant them directly into the mobile carrier earth station antenna because they usually take large space and heavy, which affects the maneuverability of vehicle. Nowadays, developing mobile station antenna which has the characteristics of light, small size, low profile, convenient for auto control, mass production and installation become a research focus of the SOTM system.
This paper is mainly focused on designing a practical mobile station antenna for the special application requirements in china, and designing flat-panel antennas for it. The main contributions and innovations of this dissertation are summarized as follow:
1) A low-profile, low-cost "mobile station" antenna structure is designed. The corresponding targets are presented.
2) A new antenna element configuration for“mobile station”antenna panels is designed. Analysis and evaluation of the element performance are given.
3) A 6×16microstrip antenna array is designed and optimized according to the requirements of the presented“mobile station”antenna system. Simulation and test results are given for verification of the plan feasibility.
4) The design of the entire complicated antenna feed network for dual polarization and the corresponding phase compensation technique is researched.
5) The integration and transition of the feeding waveguide power divider and the receiving antenna panel microstrip subarrays are designed.
The study results show that the proposal of "mobile station" antenna program is feasible and the given relevant performance indicators are reasonable, this work serves well as the foundation of further practical usage.
本文的主要工作是针对在中国“动中通”的特殊应用需求,提出一种低剖面、低成本的“动中通”终端天线的设计方案,并设计一种能用于此方案的平板天线。本文的主要贡献和创新点可以归纳为以下几个方面:
(1)针对“动中通”系统对天线的要求,提出了一种低剖面、低成本“动中通”天线终端方案,给出相应指标。
(2)提出了一种适用于本文“动中通”方案中平板阵列的双极化天线单元新设计,分析评估了其各项性能。
(3)结合本文“动中通”方案对天线的要求,优化设计了一个6×16元微带天线阵列,开展和完成了天线方案的可行性验证评估。(4)优化设计了适宜于天线方案的复杂大型双极化馈电网络,并提出了相应的
相位补偿技术。
(5)对接收平板分块微带阵列与馈电波导功分器的整合过渡进行了设计。上述研究结果表明,本文提出的“动中通”天线终端方案是可行的,给出的相关性能指标合理,这为该天线系统的进一步工程实用化奠定了基础。
With the development of satellite communication technology and automation control technology, the demand to achieve real-time data exchange with the satellite while the earth station carrier in movement is greatly increased. So, the research and development of the SOTM (Satellite-communication-on-the-move) technology and relevant equipments become a focus area of satellite communication technology. The earth stations mounted on automotive, train, aircraft (including helicopter), ship and other mobile carriers are commonly referred to as“mobile station”, which can guarantee two-way communication of the carrier and geostationary satellites when the carriers are moving. This platform enables mobile carriers to obtain broadband satellite communications such as transmitting videos, images, voices, data, information, making it a powerful tool in military and civilian fields.
In satellite communication systems, ground terminal antenna are usually reflector antenna which has many advantages for receiving satellite signals, but such antennas are bulky, heavy, and difficult to adjust. So it's not suitable to transplant them directly into the mobile carrier earth station antenna because they usually take large space and heavy, which affects the maneuverability of vehicle. Nowadays, developing mobile station antenna which has the characteristics of light, small size, low profile, convenient for auto control, mass production and installation become a research focus of the SOTM system.
This paper is mainly focused on designing a practical mobile station antenna for the special application requirements in china, and designing flat-panel antennas for it. The main contributions and innovations of this dissertation are summarized as follow:
1) A low-profile, low-cost "mobile station" antenna structure is designed. The corresponding targets are presented.
2) A new antenna element configuration for“mobile station”antenna panels is designed. Analysis and evaluation of the element performance are given.
3) A 6×16microstrip antenna array is designed and optimized according to the requirements of the presented“mobile station”antenna system. Simulation and test results are given for verification of the plan feasibility.
4) The design of the entire complicated antenna feed network for dual polarization and the corresponding phase compensation technique is researched.
5) The integration and transition of the feeding waveguide power divider and the receiving antenna panel microstrip subarrays are designed.
The study results show that the proposal of "mobile station" antenna program is feasible and the given relevant performance indicators are reasonable, this work serves well as the foundation of further practical usage.
引文
[1]张乃通,张中兆.卫星移动通信系统[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2000
[2] K. Woo eta1. Performance of a Family of Omni and Steered Antennas for Mobile Satellite Applications, Proceedings of International Mobile Satellite Conference, PP:540~546, Ottawa, Canada,1990
[3] B. Rama, eta1. SHF Cassegrain Antenna with Electronic Beam Squint Tracking for High Data Rate Mobile Satellite Communication Systems.1994 IEEE,pp:1028~1031
[4]素学海,王双平.高数据速率“动中通”移动卫星通信终端天线的基本设计与指标说明,中国卫星应用大会会议文集,2007年
[5]白徐祥,官山林.动中通卫星通信天线,无线通信技术,No.1, 2004, pp:55-59
[6]冯少栋.“动中通”相关技术新进展,卫星应用,2007, pp:83-84
[7]阮晓刚,汪宏武.“动中通”卫星天线技术及产品的应用,技术与应用,2006,pp:34-37
[8]吴波洋.动中通天线在传统通信卫星系统中的应用,中国无线电,2007年第l2期pp:33-36
[9] Nishikawa N. Phased Array Antenna for Land Mobile Satellite Communications. Trans. IEICE, J72-B-II, No. 1989, pp:323-329.
[10]张更新.卫星移动通信系统.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[11]陈延中译.动中通宽带卫星通信地面终端[J].外军电信动态,2002.5, pp:65-66
[12]朱军.基于GEO卫星的“动中通”系统设计与关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2007
[13]康学海,柯树人.“动中通”移动卫星通信终端天线跟踪技术,现代电子技术,2007年第17期总第256期,pp:17-21
[14]舒林净.基于平板天线的动中通研究:[硕士学位论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2006,pp:44-46
[15] Zaghloul A.I., Gupta R.K., Kohls E.C., Sun L.Q., Allnutt R.M., Low cost flat antennas for commercial and military SATCOM terminals, Military Communications Conference, 2001 , pp: 795 - 799 vol.2
[16] Ung Hee Park, Young Bae Jung, Jae Seung Yun, Soon Ik Jeon, Chang Ju Kim. An experimental model design of bidirectional communication mobile terminal for Ku-band satellite-internet services, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Fall. 2003 IEEE 58th, pp: 2665 - 2668 Vol.4
[17] Seong Ho Son, Ung Hee Park, Soon Ik Jeon, Chang Joo Kim. Mobile Antenna System for Ku-Band Satellite Internet Service, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005. VTC 2005-Spring. 2005 IEEE 61st, pp: 234 - 237 Vol.1
[18] Stephen D. Targonski. A Multiband Antenna for Satellite Communications on the Move. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, VOL.54, NO.10, OCTOBER 2006
[19] Art Densmore, ela1. K and Ka-Band Vehicular-Satellite-Tracking Reflector Antenna System for NASA ACTS Mobile Termina1. PP:563~566
[20]吴波洋,动中通天线在传统通信卫星系统中的应用,中国无线电2007年第1期,pp:33-36
[21]康学海,王双平.高数据速率“动中通”移动卫星通信终端天线系统的基本设计与指标说明,测控与通信,总第121期
[22]殷际杰.微波技术与天线,北京:电子工业出版社,2004年,pp:243-256
[23]谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计,西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社, 1985, pp:17-23
[24] Constantine A. Balanis. Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005: pp:283-296
[25] Kin-Lu Wong. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas. John Wiley&Sons, 2001
[26] Ramesh Garg,Praksh Bhartia and Inder Bahl et al. Microstrip antenna design handbook. Artech house Press,2001
[27]钱长远.方形双极化微带天线阵的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文],兰州:兰州大学,2006
[28]张英浩.变极化引信技术及双极化微带天线的研究:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2005
[29] P.B.hartia. Microstrip Antennas. Artech House, Dedham, MA , pp:1980:130
[30] D. M. Pozar, S. D. Targonski. Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas, Electronics letters. Vol.27, No.13.20th June 1991, pp:1129~1131
[31] Vivek Rathi, Girish Kumar and K. P. Ray. Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation Vol.44. No.8. August 1996: pp:1196~1198
[32] D. M. Pozar. Microstrip antenna aperture coupled to microstrip line [J]. Electronic Letters, 1985, 21 (1): pp:49 - 50.
[33] Peter L. Sullivan , Danitl H. Schaubert . Analysis of an aperture coupled microstrip Antenna [J]. IEEE Trans, 1986, AP234 (8): pp: 977 - 984.
[34] Chakrabarty S. B., Klefenz F. Dreher. A Dual-polarized wideband stacked microstrip antenna with aperture coupling for SAR applications [C] Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Symposium Digest. 2000: pp:2216-2219.
[35] Wong K. L., Tung H. C., Chiou T. W.. Broadband dual-polarized aperture coupled patch antenna with modified H-shaped coupling slots [J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, 2002,pp::188-191.
[36] Luk K. M., Au T. M., Tong K. F., et al. Aperture-coupled Multilayer Microstrip Antenna, Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas [M]. John Wiley & Sons , Inc. ,1997
[37]张辉,张晓发,闫敦豹,袁乃昌.基于H形缝隙耦合的宽带圆极化微带天线,电子与信息学报,2007, Vol.29 No.4 pp:991-993
[38] Karmakar N. C., Bialkowski M. E.. Circularly polarized aperture-coupled circular microstrip patch antennas for L-band applications. IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propagat., 1999, pp:933–940.
[39]李书杰. Ku波段微带平面阵天线研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[40]汪茂光,吕善伟,刘瑞祥.阵列天线分析与综合,pp:106-107
[41] Robert S. Elliott. Antenna Theory and Design Revised Edition, John Wiley&Sons, INC., 2003, pp:196-197
[42]杜天波.双频微带阵列天线的设计技术研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[43]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用,西安电子科技大学出版社.1991
[44]林昌禄,聂在平等.天线工程手册,电子工业出版社,2002年:PP:1196-1210
[45]方大纲,陶玉明,龙毅,刘迈,李艳茹,姚平.8mm式天线阵的研究,电波科学学报,Vol.10 No.1,2 1995
[46] Kai Fong Lee, Wei Chen. Advances in microstrip and printed antennas, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997, pp: 145-146
[47]殷际杰.微波技术与天线,电子工业出版社,2004年:pp:159-160
[48]廖承恩.微波技术基础,西安电子科技大学出版社,1994, PP:272-273
[49]郭峥.Ku波段圆锥波纹喇叭馈源的设计:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2007
[50] D. M. Pozar and Barry Kaufman. Design Considerations for Low Sidelobe Microstrip Arrays. IEEE Trans on AP, pp:1176- 1185.
[2] K. Woo eta1. Performance of a Family of Omni and Steered Antennas for Mobile Satellite Applications, Proceedings of International Mobile Satellite Conference, PP:540~546, Ottawa, Canada,1990
[3] B. Rama, eta1. SHF Cassegrain Antenna with Electronic Beam Squint Tracking for High Data Rate Mobile Satellite Communication Systems.1994 IEEE,pp:1028~1031
[4]素学海,王双平.高数据速率“动中通”移动卫星通信终端天线的基本设计与指标说明,中国卫星应用大会会议文集,2007年
[5]白徐祥,官山林.动中通卫星通信天线,无线通信技术,No.1, 2004, pp:55-59
[6]冯少栋.“动中通”相关技术新进展,卫星应用,2007, pp:83-84
[7]阮晓刚,汪宏武.“动中通”卫星天线技术及产品的应用,技术与应用,2006,pp:34-37
[8]吴波洋.动中通天线在传统通信卫星系统中的应用,中国无线电,2007年第l2期pp:33-36
[9] Nishikawa N. Phased Array Antenna for Land Mobile Satellite Communications. Trans. IEICE, J72-B-II, No. 1989, pp:323-329.
[10]张更新.卫星移动通信系统.北京:人民邮电出版社,2001
[11]陈延中译.动中通宽带卫星通信地面终端[J].外军电信动态,2002.5, pp:65-66
[12]朱军.基于GEO卫星的“动中通”系统设计与关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2007
[13]康学海,柯树人.“动中通”移动卫星通信终端天线跟踪技术,现代电子技术,2007年第17期总第256期,pp:17-21
[14]舒林净.基于平板天线的动中通研究:[硕士学位论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2006,pp:44-46
[15] Zaghloul A.I., Gupta R.K., Kohls E.C., Sun L.Q., Allnutt R.M., Low cost flat antennas for commercial and military SATCOM terminals, Military Communications Conference, 2001 , pp: 795 - 799 vol.2
[16] Ung Hee Park, Young Bae Jung, Jae Seung Yun, Soon Ik Jeon, Chang Ju Kim. An experimental model design of bidirectional communication mobile terminal for Ku-band satellite-internet services, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2003. VTC 2003-Fall. 2003 IEEE 58th, pp: 2665 - 2668 Vol.4
[17] Seong Ho Son, Ung Hee Park, Soon Ik Jeon, Chang Joo Kim. Mobile Antenna System for Ku-Band Satellite Internet Service, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005. VTC 2005-Spring. 2005 IEEE 61st, pp: 234 - 237 Vol.1
[18] Stephen D. Targonski. A Multiband Antenna for Satellite Communications on the Move. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, VOL.54, NO.10, OCTOBER 2006
[19] Art Densmore, ela1. K and Ka-Band Vehicular-Satellite-Tracking Reflector Antenna System for NASA ACTS Mobile Termina1. PP:563~566
[20]吴波洋,动中通天线在传统通信卫星系统中的应用,中国无线电2007年第1期,pp:33-36
[21]康学海,王双平.高数据速率“动中通”移动卫星通信终端天线系统的基本设计与指标说明,测控与通信,总第121期
[22]殷际杰.微波技术与天线,北京:电子工业出版社,2004年,pp:243-256
[23]谢处方,邱文杰.天线原理与设计,西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社, 1985, pp:17-23
[24] Constantine A. Balanis. Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005: pp:283-296
[25] Kin-Lu Wong. Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas. John Wiley&Sons, 2001
[26] Ramesh Garg,Praksh Bhartia and Inder Bahl et al. Microstrip antenna design handbook. Artech house Press,2001
[27]钱长远.方形双极化微带天线阵的设计与研究:[硕士学位论文],兰州:兰州大学,2006
[28]张英浩.变极化引信技术及双极化微带天线的研究:[硕士学位论文],南京:南京理工大学,2005
[29] P.B.hartia. Microstrip Antennas. Artech House, Dedham, MA , pp:1980:130
[30] D. M. Pozar, S. D. Targonski. Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas, Electronics letters. Vol.27, No.13.20th June 1991, pp:1129~1131
[31] Vivek Rathi, Girish Kumar and K. P. Ray. Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation Vol.44. No.8. August 1996: pp:1196~1198
[32] D. M. Pozar. Microstrip antenna aperture coupled to microstrip line [J]. Electronic Letters, 1985, 21 (1): pp:49 - 50.
[33] Peter L. Sullivan , Danitl H. Schaubert . Analysis of an aperture coupled microstrip Antenna [J]. IEEE Trans, 1986, AP234 (8): pp: 977 - 984.
[34] Chakrabarty S. B., Klefenz F. Dreher. A Dual-polarized wideband stacked microstrip antenna with aperture coupling for SAR applications [C] Proc. IEEE Antennas Propagation Symposium Digest. 2000: pp:2216-2219.
[35] Wong K. L., Tung H. C., Chiou T. W.. Broadband dual-polarized aperture coupled patch antenna with modified H-shaped coupling slots [J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, 2002,pp::188-191.
[36] Luk K. M., Au T. M., Tong K. F., et al. Aperture-coupled Multilayer Microstrip Antenna, Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas [M]. John Wiley & Sons , Inc. ,1997
[37]张辉,张晓发,闫敦豹,袁乃昌.基于H形缝隙耦合的宽带圆极化微带天线,电子与信息学报,2007, Vol.29 No.4 pp:991-993
[38] Karmakar N. C., Bialkowski M. E.. Circularly polarized aperture-coupled circular microstrip patch antennas for L-band applications. IEEE Trans. on Antennas Propagat., 1999, pp:933–940.
[39]李书杰. Ku波段微带平面阵天线研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[40]汪茂光,吕善伟,刘瑞祥.阵列天线分析与综合,pp:106-107
[41] Robert S. Elliott. Antenna Theory and Design Revised Edition, John Wiley&Sons, INC., 2003, pp:196-197
[42]杜天波.双频微带阵列天线的设计技术研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安电子科技大学,2006
[43]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用,西安电子科技大学出版社.1991
[44]林昌禄,聂在平等.天线工程手册,电子工业出版社,2002年:PP:1196-1210
[45]方大纲,陶玉明,龙毅,刘迈,李艳茹,姚平.8mm式天线阵的研究,电波科学学报,Vol.10 No.1,2 1995
[46] Kai Fong Lee, Wei Chen. Advances in microstrip and printed antennas, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997, pp: 145-146
[47]殷际杰.微波技术与天线,电子工业出版社,2004年:pp:159-160
[48]廖承恩.微波技术基础,西安电子科技大学出版社,1994, PP:272-273
[49]郭峥.Ku波段圆锥波纹喇叭馈源的设计:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2007
[50] D. M. Pozar and Barry Kaufman. Design Considerations for Low Sidelobe Microstrip Arrays. IEEE Trans on AP, pp:1176- 1185.