矿井无线通信系统波束赋形天线阵的设计
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摘要
本文是根据科研项目进行的选题研究,论文的任务是研究应用于矿井无线通信系统的赋形天线阵的设计和实现方法。
矿井通信系统要求赋形天线阵具有体积小、重量轻、相对带宽为10%、最大扫描角达30°、增益达10dB的特性。微带天线具有重量轻、体积小、剖面低等优点,但普通的微带贴片天线的相对带宽约为5%,不能满足矿井通信系统工作的要求。为此,本文选用双层微带贴片结构设计天线阵元。根据微带天线基本设计方法对双层微带贴片天线进行了初步设计,在此基础上,利用Ansoft HFSS软件对天线进行了优化设计,使天线阵元的阻抗带宽(VSWR<1.5)达到了10%以上,能够满足赋形天线阵的要求。
为了使天线具有较高的增益,同时使波束达到最大扫描角为30°的要求,本文以所设计的双层微带贴片天线作为阵元,采用理论计算与HFSS软件仿真相结合的方法,设计了一个四元线阵。仿真结果表明,该天线阵最大扫描角达到31°,增益为12.8dB,能够满足要求。
本文采用Wilkinson功分器为天线阵设计馈电网络,根据Wilkinson功分器的基本设计方法,分别设计了等功分和功分比为2：1的一分二微带功分器。将等分、不等分功分器及微带延长线级联构成了整个馈电网络。
本文还为所设计的天线阵设计了一款薄壁树脂玻璃钢天线罩。最后,利用HFSS软件对天线阵、馈电网络和天线罩作了联合仿真。在此基础上对整个天线阵系统进行了加工、测试,结果表明：天线阵的阻抗带宽(VSWR<1.5)为15%,增益为11.09dB,最大扫描角为31°,满足设计要求。
The article is a selected topic research according to the scientific research item, the paper aim to design and realize a method of beamforming antenna array which applies in the mine pit communications system.
The beamforming antenna array used in mine pit communication system should have characteristics of small size, light weight,10% of the relative bandwidth,30°of maximum aspect angles, lOdB of the gain.The microstrip antennas have some principal advantages, such as light weight, small size, low profile and so on. But the ordinary microstrip patch antenna's relative bandwidth approximately is only about 5%, which cannot satisfy the mine pit communications system. Therefore, the article selects dual-layer microstrip patch structure as element of antenna array. Microstrip patch antenna is preliminarily designed according to the microstrip antennas basic design method. Based on this, the Ansoft HFSS software is used to optimize the antenna. The final result shows that the impedance bandwidth (VSWR<1.5) has reached up to 10% which satisfied the requests of the beamforming antenna.
In order to achieve the requirements of high gain and the biggest aspect angles for 30°, the article used the dual-layer patch antenna as the element of the antenna array, combining the theoretical calculation and the HFSS software simulation, a four line array is designed. The simulation result indicated that the maximum aspect angle of this antenna array achieved 31°, the gain is 12.8dB, which can satisfy the request.
This article has used the Wilkinson divider to design feed network for the antenna array, according to the basic design theory of Wilkinson divider, equal divider and 2:1 unequal microstrip divider have been designed respectively. The equal divider, unequal divider and microstrip extend line form the whole feed network.
The article also has designed a thin radome made of plexiglass. Finally, simulated the antenna array, feed network and the antenna radome. Based on the result, the entire antenna system has been manufactured and tested as well. The measured result shows that the impedance bandwidth(VSWR<1.5)of the antenna array is 15%, the gain is 11.09dB, the maximum aspect angle is 31°, which satisfied the design requirement.
矿井通信系统要求赋形天线阵具有体积小、重量轻、相对带宽为10%、最大扫描角达30°、增益达10dB的特性。微带天线具有重量轻、体积小、剖面低等优点,但普通的微带贴片天线的相对带宽约为5%,不能满足矿井通信系统工作的要求。为此,本文选用双层微带贴片结构设计天线阵元。根据微带天线基本设计方法对双层微带贴片天线进行了初步设计,在此基础上,利用Ansoft HFSS软件对天线进行了优化设计,使天线阵元的阻抗带宽(VSWR<1.5)达到了10%以上,能够满足赋形天线阵的要求。
为了使天线具有较高的增益,同时使波束达到最大扫描角为30°的要求,本文以所设计的双层微带贴片天线作为阵元,采用理论计算与HFSS软件仿真相结合的方法,设计了一个四元线阵。仿真结果表明,该天线阵最大扫描角达到31°,增益为12.8dB,能够满足要求。
本文采用Wilkinson功分器为天线阵设计馈电网络,根据Wilkinson功分器的基本设计方法,分别设计了等功分和功分比为2：1的一分二微带功分器。将等分、不等分功分器及微带延长线级联构成了整个馈电网络。
本文还为所设计的天线阵设计了一款薄壁树脂玻璃钢天线罩。最后,利用HFSS软件对天线阵、馈电网络和天线罩作了联合仿真。在此基础上对整个天线阵系统进行了加工、测试,结果表明：天线阵的阻抗带宽(VSWR<1.5)为15%,增益为11.09dB,最大扫描角为31°,满足设计要求。
The article is a selected topic research according to the scientific research item, the paper aim to design and realize a method of beamforming antenna array which applies in the mine pit communications system.
The beamforming antenna array used in mine pit communication system should have characteristics of small size, light weight,10% of the relative bandwidth,30°of maximum aspect angles, lOdB of the gain.The microstrip antennas have some principal advantages, such as light weight, small size, low profile and so on. But the ordinary microstrip patch antenna's relative bandwidth approximately is only about 5%, which cannot satisfy the mine pit communications system. Therefore, the article selects dual-layer microstrip patch structure as element of antenna array. Microstrip patch antenna is preliminarily designed according to the microstrip antennas basic design method. Based on this, the Ansoft HFSS software is used to optimize the antenna. The final result shows that the impedance bandwidth (VSWR<1.5) has reached up to 10% which satisfied the requests of the beamforming antenna.
In order to achieve the requirements of high gain and the biggest aspect angles for 30°, the article used the dual-layer patch antenna as the element of the antenna array, combining the theoretical calculation and the HFSS software simulation, a four line array is designed. The simulation result indicated that the maximum aspect angle of this antenna array achieved 31°, the gain is 12.8dB, which can satisfy the request.
This article has used the Wilkinson divider to design feed network for the antenna array, according to the basic design theory of Wilkinson divider, equal divider and 2:1 unequal microstrip divider have been designed respectively. The equal divider, unequal divider and microstrip extend line form the whole feed network.
The article also has designed a thin radome made of plexiglass. Finally, simulated the antenna array, feed network and the antenna radome. Based on the result, the entire antenna system has been manufactured and tested as well. The measured result shows that the impedance bandwidth(VSWR<1.5)of the antenna array is 15%, the gain is 11.09dB, the maximum aspect angle is 31°, which satisfied the design requirement.
引文
[1]樊荣,宋文,黄强.矿井无线通信系统研究与发展[J].西安科技大学学报,2010,(30)4：471-474.
[2]杨维,冯锡生,程时听,孙继平.新一代全矿井无线信息系统理论与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2004,(29)4：506-509.
[3]阎玮.矿井无线通信信道的分析与研究[J].山西焦煤科技,2008：42-46.
[4]薛王伟,张剑云.相控阵天线关键技术发展趋势[J].现代防御技术,2007,(35)1：96-99.
[5]汪茂光,吕善伟,刘瑞祥.阵列天线分析与综合[M].成都：电子科技大学出版社,1989,83-93.
[6]R. E. Munson.Conformal Microstrip Antennas and Mierostrip Phased Arrays. IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation 1974(22):74-78.
[7]钟顺时.微带天线技术[M].西安电子科技大学资料情报室,1988,35-62.
[8]Jacob George, C. K Aanandan. Analysis of a compact mierostrip antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag,1998,46(11):1717-1717.
[9]J.Q.Howell.Mierostrip Antennas. IEEE. AP-S Int. Symposium Digest.1972:177-180.
[10]Keith R. Carver, James W. Mink, Microstrip antenna technology. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-29, NO.1, pp.2-24,Jan.1981.
[11]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1991.
[12]张钧,张克诚,张贤铎,赫崇骏.微带天线理论与工程[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988.
[13]阮成礼.超宽带天线理论与技术[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.
[14]马汉炎.天线技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1997.
[15]G. A. Desehamps. Microstrip Mierowave Antennas. USAF Symposium on Aniennas.1953.
[16]HUGO F. PUES. A impedence matching techniqe for increasing the bandwidth of microtrip antenna. IEEE Trans on Antenna and propagat,1989.
[17]Mak C L, Lak KM, Lee K F, etal. Experimental study of a microstrip patch antenna with a L-probe[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat,2000,48 (5):777-783.
[18]李秀萍,安毅,徐晓文,吕听.多层微带贴片天线单元和阵列设计[J].2002：(24)8pp：1120-1125.
[19]武永刚,邢光龙,楚玉焕.基于HFSS多层宽带微带天线仿真设计[J],电子技术,2007,PP：24-25.
[20]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理[M].国防工业出版社,1995.
[21]鲍尔IJ,布哈蒂亚P.微带天线[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1984.
[22]H.J.orehard, R.5. Elliott, G. J. Stem. Optimising the synthesis of shaped beam antenna pattems[C], Proe. hist. Elect. Eng, vol.132, pt. H, no.1, Feb.1985. pp:63-68.
[23]RK. Htrse, W. L. melvint, J. H. MeClellant and E.Culpepper. Adaptive Conformal Array Radar[C]. IEEE US Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Direetorate, 2004:568-572.
[24]Picazo, J. J. G, Perez, M.S., Benito, A.M. Synthesis of shaped beam antenna patterns using window currents. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, Ap-S Imitational Sylnposium (Digest)[C].1988:1196-119.
[25]M. Rizk. Projected aperture synthesis method for the design of conformal array Antennas[C]. The 4th Imitational Conf. on Antenna and Proporgation.1985:48-52.
[26]H. J. orehard, R. S. Elliott, and G.. J. Stem, Optimizing the synthesis of shaped beam antenna Pattems[C], Proe. Inst. Elect. Eng. vol.132,pt. H, no.1,Feb.1985. PP:63-68.
[27]H. J. Orehard,R. S. Elliot and G. J. Stem, "Optimizing the synthesis of shaped beam antenna Pattems", Proe. Inst, Elec. Eng, Part H,vol.132,PP.63-68,1985.
[28]P. M. Woodward, J. D. Lawson,The theoretical Precision with an arbitrary Radiation Pattem may be obtained from a source of a finite size[J]. IEEE, Part H, vol.95, Sect. Ⅲ,1948. PP:363-370.
[29]Picazo,J. J. G,Perez, M. S, Benito, A. M. Synthesis of shaped beam antenna patterns using window currents[A]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S Imitational SylnPosium(Digest)[C].1988:1196-119.
[30]Dennis Gies, Yahya Rahmat-Sami, Reconfigurable Array Design Using Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization, IEEE,2003.
[31]Philip Y. Z.,MARY A. I. Patten Synthesis for Arbitrary Arrays Using an Adaptive Array Metho[J], IEEE. Trans. Antennas Propagate. May.1999. VOL.47:862-869.
[32]R. E. Munson. Conformal Mierostrip Antennas and Mierostrip Phased Arrays. IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation 1974(22):74-78.
[33]邰佑诚,栾秀珍,房少军,金红.天线与电波传输[M].大连海事大学出版社,2002：31-58.
[34]薛锋章,倪晋麟.宽带低副瓣共形相控阵天线的设计[z].天线技术,1998(14)PP：1-10.
[35]王永寿.共形阵天线低旁瓣波束形成法研究[J].飞航导弹1999年第4期,pp：52-56.
[36]R. Vescobo, Patten Synthesis for Arc Arrays[C]. Antenna and Probate. Society Imitational Symposium, July 1997,3:2256-2259.
[37]丁军.宽带微带天线单元与阵列研究2007pp：43-46.中国科学院研究生院.
[38]Young-Joon Ko, Jae-Yeong Park and Jong-UK Bu. Fully integrated unequal Wilkinson Power divider with EBG CPW[J],IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,Vol.13, No.7, Jul.2003, pp:276-278.
[39]徐兴福.ADS2008射频电路设计与仿真实例[M]2009.9：298-313.
[40]Kun-Hui Yi and Bongkoo Kang.Modified Wilkinson Power divider for nth Harmonic suppression[J], IEEE. Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol.13, No.5, May.2003, PP.178-180.
[41]陈国平.天线-天线罩系统电气仿真.四川大学2006.
[42]H.Chen and C. T. Chan. Transformation Media that Rotate Electromagnetic Fields, Applied Physics Letters,90, June 2007,pp.24110511-3.
[43]张璐.机载天线罩分析和设计的研究.西北工业大学.2001.
[44]Y. Luo, H. Chen,1. Zhang,1. Ran, and 1. A. Kong, "Design and Analytical Full-Wave Validation of the Invisibility Cloaks, Concentrators, and Field Rotators Created with a General Class of Transformations," Physical Review B,77, March 2008, pp.125127/1-8.
[45]张志斌.某型号天线罩的电气结构设计,西安电子科技大学2008.
[46]W. Yan, M. Yan, Z. Ruan, and M. Qiu, "Coordinate Transformations Make Perfect Invisibility Cloaks with Arbitrary Shape, "New Journal o/Physics,10, April 2008, pp.043040/1-13.
[47]张翼周.对天线罩影响天线辐射性能的分析.电子科技大学2004.
[48]C.Li and F. Li, "Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Cloaks with Arbitrary Geometries,"Optics Express,16,17, August 2008,pp.13414-13420.
[49]沈利新,孙珮.琼透波材料的优化设计2010(3)1-9.
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[51]A. Alu and N. Engheta, "Achieving Transparency with Plasmatic and Met material Coatings," Physical Review E,72, July 2005, pp.016623/1-9.
[52]G.W.Milton, M. Briane, and J.R.Willis, "On Cloaking for Elasticity and Physical Equations with a Transformation Invariant Form, "New Journal of Physics,8, October 2006 pp248/1-20.
[2]杨维,冯锡生,程时听,孙继平.新一代全矿井无线信息系统理论与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2004,(29)4：506-509.
[3]阎玮.矿井无线通信信道的分析与研究[J].山西焦煤科技,2008：42-46.
[4]薛王伟,张剑云.相控阵天线关键技术发展趋势[J].现代防御技术,2007,(35)1：96-99.
[5]汪茂光,吕善伟,刘瑞祥.阵列天线分析与综合[M].成都：电子科技大学出版社,1989,83-93.
[6]R. E. Munson.Conformal Microstrip Antennas and Mierostrip Phased Arrays. IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation 1974(22):74-78.
[7]钟顺时.微带天线技术[M].西安电子科技大学资料情报室,1988,35-62.
[8]Jacob George, C. K Aanandan. Analysis of a compact mierostrip antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag,1998,46(11):1717-1717.
[9]J.Q.Howell.Mierostrip Antennas. IEEE. AP-S Int. Symposium Digest.1972:177-180.
[10]Keith R. Carver, James W. Mink, Microstrip antenna technology. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP-29, NO.1, pp.2-24,Jan.1981.
[11]钟顺时.微带天线理论与应用[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,1991.
[12]张钧,张克诚,张贤铎,赫崇骏.微带天线理论与工程[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1988.
[13]阮成礼.超宽带天线理论与技术[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006.
[14]马汉炎.天线技术[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1997.
[15]G. A. Desehamps. Microstrip Mierowave Antennas. USAF Symposium on Aniennas.1953.
[16]HUGO F. PUES. A impedence matching techniqe for increasing the bandwidth of microtrip antenna. IEEE Trans on Antenna and propagat,1989.
[17]Mak C L, Lak KM, Lee K F, etal. Experimental study of a microstrip patch antenna with a L-probe[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat,2000,48 (5):777-783.
[18]李秀萍,安毅,徐晓文,吕听.多层微带贴片天线单元和阵列设计[J].2002：(24)8pp：1120-1125.
[19]武永刚,邢光龙,楚玉焕.基于HFSS多层宽带微带天线仿真设计[J],电子技术,2007,PP：24-25.
[20]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理[M].国防工业出版社,1995.
[21]鲍尔IJ,布哈蒂亚P.微带天线[M].北京：电子工业出版社,1984.
[22]H.J.orehard, R.5. Elliott, G. J. Stem. Optimising the synthesis of shaped beam antenna pattems[C], Proe. hist. Elect. Eng, vol.132, pt. H, no.1, Feb.1985. pp:63-68.
[23]RK. Htrse, W. L. melvint, J. H. MeClellant and E.Culpepper. Adaptive Conformal Array Radar[C]. IEEE US Air Force Research Laboratory, Sensors Direetorate, 2004:568-572.
[24]Picazo, J. J. G, Perez, M.S., Benito, A.M. Synthesis of shaped beam antenna patterns using window currents. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, Ap-S Imitational Sylnposium (Digest)[C].1988:1196-119.
[25]M. Rizk. Projected aperture synthesis method for the design of conformal array Antennas[C]. The 4th Imitational Conf. on Antenna and Proporgation.1985:48-52.
[26]H. J. orehard, R. S. Elliott, and G.. J. Stem, Optimizing the synthesis of shaped beam antenna Pattems[C], Proe. Inst. Elect. Eng. vol.132,pt. H, no.1,Feb.1985. PP:63-68.
[27]H. J. Orehard,R. S. Elliot and G. J. Stem, "Optimizing the synthesis of shaped beam antenna Pattems", Proe. Inst, Elec. Eng, Part H,vol.132,PP.63-68,1985.
[28]P. M. Woodward, J. D. Lawson,The theoretical Precision with an arbitrary Radiation Pattem may be obtained from a source of a finite size[J]. IEEE, Part H, vol.95, Sect. Ⅲ,1948. PP:363-370.
[29]Picazo,J. J. G,Perez, M. S, Benito, A. M. Synthesis of shaped beam antenna patterns using window currents[A]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S Imitational SylnPosium(Digest)[C].1988:1196-119.
[30]Dennis Gies, Yahya Rahmat-Sami, Reconfigurable Array Design Using Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization, IEEE,2003.
[31]Philip Y. Z.,MARY A. I. Patten Synthesis for Arbitrary Arrays Using an Adaptive Array Metho[J], IEEE. Trans. Antennas Propagate. May.1999. VOL.47:862-869.
[32]R. E. Munson. Conformal Mierostrip Antennas and Mierostrip Phased Arrays. IEEE Trans. On Antennas and Propagation 1974(22):74-78.
[33]邰佑诚,栾秀珍,房少军,金红.天线与电波传输[M].大连海事大学出版社,2002：31-58.
[34]薛锋章,倪晋麟.宽带低副瓣共形相控阵天线的设计[z].天线技术,1998(14)PP：1-10.
[35]王永寿.共形阵天线低旁瓣波束形成法研究[J].飞航导弹1999年第4期,pp：52-56.
[36]R. Vescobo, Patten Synthesis for Arc Arrays[C]. Antenna and Probate. Society Imitational Symposium, July 1997,3:2256-2259.
[37]丁军.宽带微带天线单元与阵列研究2007pp：43-46.中国科学院研究生院.
[38]Young-Joon Ko, Jae-Yeong Park and Jong-UK Bu. Fully integrated unequal Wilkinson Power divider with EBG CPW[J],IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,Vol.13, No.7, Jul.2003, pp:276-278.
[39]徐兴福.ADS2008射频电路设计与仿真实例[M]2009.9：298-313.
[40]Kun-Hui Yi and Bongkoo Kang.Modified Wilkinson Power divider for nth Harmonic suppression[J], IEEE. Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol.13, No.5, May.2003, PP.178-180.
[41]陈国平.天线-天线罩系统电气仿真.四川大学2006.
[42]H.Chen and C. T. Chan. Transformation Media that Rotate Electromagnetic Fields, Applied Physics Letters,90, June 2007,pp.24110511-3.
[43]张璐.机载天线罩分析和设计的研究.西北工业大学.2001.
[44]Y. Luo, H. Chen,1. Zhang,1. Ran, and 1. A. Kong, "Design and Analytical Full-Wave Validation of the Invisibility Cloaks, Concentrators, and Field Rotators Created with a General Class of Transformations," Physical Review B,77, March 2008, pp.125127/1-8.
[45]张志斌.某型号天线罩的电气结构设计,西安电子科技大学2008.
[46]W. Yan, M. Yan, Z. Ruan, and M. Qiu, "Coordinate Transformations Make Perfect Invisibility Cloaks with Arbitrary Shape, "New Journal o/Physics,10, April 2008, pp.043040/1-13.
[47]张翼周.对天线罩影响天线辐射性能的分析.电子科技大学2004.
[48]C.Li and F. Li, "Two-Dimensional Electromagnetic Cloaks with Arbitrary Geometries,"Optics Express,16,17, August 2008,pp.13414-13420.
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