军事医学科学院在线教育系统的研建
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摘要
在线教育是在网络环境下，充分发挥网络的教育功能和教育资源优势，向教育者和学习者提供的一种教和学的环境，通过传递数字化教育信息，开展交互式的同步或异步的教学活动；具有教学资源共享、学习时空不限、交流多向互动和便于学习合作的特点与优势。
目前在线教育作为传统教育模式的一种补充，受到了广泛的重视。军事医学科学院研究生教育主要以课堂教学为主，尚未开展研究生在线教育。由于无本科教育，无专职教研室(英语、统计除外)，教师由一线科研骨干兼职，因此与高等院校教师相比，院部分专业教师缺乏授课经验，教师与学生之间的交流不够。通过建立军事医学科学院在线教育系统，使之与现行教学模式互补，提高研究生教学质量。
建立军事医学科学院在线教育系统的主要思路是以研究生教育为中心内容，结合院研究生教育的实际需求与网络状况，采用成熟的计算机及网络技术进行系统开发。在充分调研在线教育系统实现核心技术的基础上，经比较，选择了教育网站方式的技术平台，即成熟的ASP技术及流媒体技术。通过调研军事医学科学院研究生教育现状，进而分析了研究生教学的过程及需求。在此基础上提出了院在线教育系统设计方案，设计上采用了基于Browser／Server结构的建设方案，将系统分为用户平台和管理员平台，实现了在线点播、辅助教学基本功能、科研论坛及系统管理等四大功能模块，构建了一个基于Web的军事医学科学院在线教育系统。
本系统已于2004年2月联入军事医学科学院园区网，经过测试运行，基本达到了预期目标。该系统具有操作界面友好，设计功能实用，管理功能强大，开放扩展性好等特点，期望该系统能够为我院研究生教育水平的提高发挥有效的作用，并对科研院所体制的研究生在线教育提供有益的借鉴和参考。
The on-line education is a teaching and learning environment accessible to both teachers and learners by taking advantage of the educational function and resources of the network. In this environment, digitalized information of education can be transmitted and two-way teaching activities can be conducted at the same time or at different times. The on-line education is characterized by a pooling of educational resources, free space and time for learning, multi-direction exchange and easy cooperation.
The on-line education is currently nothing more than a supplement to traditional education, having attracted wide attention. The graduate program in Academy of Military Medical Sciences ( AMMS ) is dominated by traditional teaching methods without any on-line education for graduate students. AMMS has neither undergraduates nor full-time teaching staff except teachers of English and statistics and most of the teaching is done by leading researchers who work as part-time teachers. Besides, there are very few experienced teachers compared with institutions of higher education. As a result, there is insufficient contact between teachers and students. All this makes it necessary to create an on-line education system here to complement the current mode of teaching and improve the quality of teaching of the graduate school.
The creation of such a system is expected to center on the education of graduate students and make full use of the characteristics and advantages of the on-line education with reference to the actual need of the graduate program and the network. Based on detailed studies of the kernel technology of the on-line education system and comparisons, a technological platform similar to an education Website, sophisticated ASP technologies and smooth-media technologies have been selected. In this way, analyses have been carried out of the teaching process and need of graduate students following a survey of the status quo in terms of education of graduate students in
AMMS. On this basis, a design plan for the on-line education system in AMMS is presented that is based on Browser/Server. This system is divided into the user platform and the operator platform, with four important function modules: on-line dibbling, teaching aids, forums for scientific researches and system management.
This system was incorporated into the intranet of AMMS in February 2004 and has basically attained the intended goal after being tested. The advantages of this system lie in its operation-friendliness, practicality of functions, powerful management and superb expandability. This system is expected to play an important role in improving the teaching of graduate students in AMMS. It serves as good reference for on-line education of graduate students in research institutions.
目前在线教育作为传统教育模式的一种补充，受到了广泛的重视。军事医学科学院研究生教育主要以课堂教学为主，尚未开展研究生在线教育。由于无本科教育，无专职教研室(英语、统计除外)，教师由一线科研骨干兼职，因此与高等院校教师相比，院部分专业教师缺乏授课经验，教师与学生之间的交流不够。通过建立军事医学科学院在线教育系统，使之与现行教学模式互补，提高研究生教学质量。
建立军事医学科学院在线教育系统的主要思路是以研究生教育为中心内容，结合院研究生教育的实际需求与网络状况，采用成熟的计算机及网络技术进行系统开发。在充分调研在线教育系统实现核心技术的基础上，经比较，选择了教育网站方式的技术平台，即成熟的ASP技术及流媒体技术。通过调研军事医学科学院研究生教育现状，进而分析了研究生教学的过程及需求。在此基础上提出了院在线教育系统设计方案，设计上采用了基于Browser／Server结构的建设方案，将系统分为用户平台和管理员平台，实现了在线点播、辅助教学基本功能、科研论坛及系统管理等四大功能模块，构建了一个基于Web的军事医学科学院在线教育系统。
本系统已于2004年2月联入军事医学科学院园区网，经过测试运行，基本达到了预期目标。该系统具有操作界面友好，设计功能实用，管理功能强大，开放扩展性好等特点，期望该系统能够为我院研究生教育水平的提高发挥有效的作用，并对科研院所体制的研究生在线教育提供有益的借鉴和参考。
The on-line education is a teaching and learning environment accessible to both teachers and learners by taking advantage of the educational function and resources of the network. In this environment, digitalized information of education can be transmitted and two-way teaching activities can be conducted at the same time or at different times. The on-line education is characterized by a pooling of educational resources, free space and time for learning, multi-direction exchange and easy cooperation.
The on-line education is currently nothing more than a supplement to traditional education, having attracted wide attention. The graduate program in Academy of Military Medical Sciences ( AMMS ) is dominated by traditional teaching methods without any on-line education for graduate students. AMMS has neither undergraduates nor full-time teaching staff except teachers of English and statistics and most of the teaching is done by leading researchers who work as part-time teachers. Besides, there are very few experienced teachers compared with institutions of higher education. As a result, there is insufficient contact between teachers and students. All this makes it necessary to create an on-line education system here to complement the current mode of teaching and improve the quality of teaching of the graduate school.
The creation of such a system is expected to center on the education of graduate students and make full use of the characteristics and advantages of the on-line education with reference to the actual need of the graduate program and the network. Based on detailed studies of the kernel technology of the on-line education system and comparisons, a technological platform similar to an education Website, sophisticated ASP technologies and smooth-media technologies have been selected. In this way, analyses have been carried out of the teaching process and need of graduate students following a survey of the status quo in terms of education of graduate students in
AMMS. On this basis, a design plan for the on-line education system in AMMS is presented that is based on Browser/Server. This system is divided into the user platform and the operator platform, with four important function modules: on-line dibbling, teaching aids, forums for scientific researches and system management.
This system was incorporated into the intranet of AMMS in February 2004 and has basically attained the intended goal after being tested. The advantages of this system lie in its operation-friendliness, practicality of functions, powerful management and superb expandability. This system is expected to play an important role in improving the teaching of graduate students in AMMS. It serves as good reference for on-line education of graduate students in research institutions.
引文
1 何克抗．E-Learning与高校教学的深化改革．全国高校教育技术协作委员会第二届年会及学术交流论文集，2001
2 王慧芳，杨嵘，杨威克等．网络教育技术基础．北京：国防工业出版社，2003
3 邹永强．网络教育，拨开术语的迷雾．2002
4 申蔚．虚拟现实技术．北京：希望电子出版社，2002
5 研究生教育工作总结与回顾．军事医学科学院内部材料，2003
6 赵东升．军事医学科学院网络信息化的建设和发展．内部材料，2002
7 王光辉．基于Web的后勤供应标准管理信息系统的设计与实现．硕士学位论文，2001．5
8 阳沛湘．军事医学信息服务系统的研建．硕士学位论文，2003年5月
9 马宁．国内网校调研报告．2001
10 马宁．国外网校调研报告．2001
11 李向阳，卞德森．流媒体及其应用技术．广播与电视技术，2001，(9)
12 穆肃．校本学科教学资源库的设计和实现．中国电化教育，2003
13 邹永强．中国网络高等教育，现实的缺憾与变革的希望．2002
14 Schweizer, Heidi. Title Designing and teaching an on-line course: spinning your web classroom/Heidi Schweizer, Publisher Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1999
15 汪琼．网上教学支撑系统现状分析，1999
16 尚俊杰．基于网络的辅助教学系统．http://etc. elec. bnu. edu. cn/show/tougao/assistnet, htm, 2000
17 尚俊杰，李芳乐．高等教育网络辅助教学的设计、实现及分析．2001
18 郑志强，李文中．网络影音即时播放技术公开．中国青年出版社，2000．8
19 赵玉．论e-Learning时代远程教育中的交互．2001
20 (美) Greg Kearsley. The Nature and Value of Interaction in Distance Learning. Pagper prepared for the Third Distance Education Research Symposium, 1995, 5
21 朱凌云，余胜泉．教育资源库建设的观念与方法．2001
22 曾亦琦．基于网络的教学信息资源库及其教学应用．广州师院学报，2001．8
23 张小真，周竹荣．e-Learning的资源库建设探讨．2001
24 王保顺，张炜．校园网设计与远程教学系统开发．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．1
25 王以宁，赵蔚等．网络教育应用．北京：高等教育出版社，2003．6
26 吴林华．网站设计与维护．电子工业出版社，2002．12
27 丁贵广．ASP编程基础与实例．机械工业出版社，2003．04
28 http://www. online-edu. org/cgi-bin/article/list. cgi?class=2
29 http://www. fadaonline. com/
30 http://learn. tsinghua. edu. cn/
31 http://etforum. hbu. edu. cn/index. asp
32 http://www. cndisedu. com/news/details. asp?id=1190
2 王慧芳，杨嵘，杨威克等．网络教育技术基础．北京：国防工业出版社，2003
3 邹永强．网络教育，拨开术语的迷雾．2002
4 申蔚．虚拟现实技术．北京：希望电子出版社，2002
5 研究生教育工作总结与回顾．军事医学科学院内部材料，2003
6 赵东升．军事医学科学院网络信息化的建设和发展．内部材料，2002
7 王光辉．基于Web的后勤供应标准管理信息系统的设计与实现．硕士学位论文，2001．5
8 阳沛湘．军事医学信息服务系统的研建．硕士学位论文，2003年5月
9 马宁．国内网校调研报告．2001
10 马宁．国外网校调研报告．2001
11 李向阳，卞德森．流媒体及其应用技术．广播与电视技术，2001，(9)
12 穆肃．校本学科教学资源库的设计和实现．中国电化教育，2003
13 邹永强．中国网络高等教育，现实的缺憾与变革的希望．2002
14 Schweizer, Heidi. Title Designing and teaching an on-line course: spinning your web classroom/Heidi Schweizer, Publisher Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1999
15 汪琼．网上教学支撑系统现状分析，1999
16 尚俊杰．基于网络的辅助教学系统．http://etc. elec. bnu. edu. cn/show/tougao/assistnet, htm, 2000
17 尚俊杰，李芳乐．高等教育网络辅助教学的设计、实现及分析．2001
18 郑志强，李文中．网络影音即时播放技术公开．中国青年出版社，2000．8
19 赵玉．论e-Learning时代远程教育中的交互．2001
20 (美) Greg Kearsley. The Nature and Value of Interaction in Distance Learning. Pagper prepared for the Third Distance Education Research Symposium, 1995, 5
21 朱凌云，余胜泉．教育资源库建设的观念与方法．2001
22 曾亦琦．基于网络的教学信息资源库及其教学应用．广州师院学报，2001．8
23 张小真，周竹荣．e-Learning的资源库建设探讨．2001
24 王保顺，张炜．校园网设计与远程教学系统开发．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003．1
25 王以宁，赵蔚等．网络教育应用．北京：高等教育出版社，2003．6
26 吴林华．网站设计与维护．电子工业出版社，2002．12
27 丁贵广．ASP编程基础与实例．机械工业出版社，2003．04
28 http://www. online-edu. org/cgi-bin/article/list. cgi?class=2
29 http://www. fadaonline. com/
30 http://learn. tsinghua. edu. cn/
31 http://etforum. hbu. edu. cn/index. asp
32 http://www. cndisedu. com/news/details. asp?id=1190