试论美德两国知识产权保险制度及其对我国的借鉴
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摘要
在知识经济时代,企业的竞争力日益取决于由知识产权构成的无形资产。金融财团也将一个企业是否具有知识产权战略作为其投资决策的关键因素。因此,在今天高度竞争的市场中,企业一方面必须充分利用知识产权制度使财产保值增值,另一方面,也必须建立知识产权风险管理战略,以妥善处理日益猖獗的知识产权侵权行为。一般而言,资金雄厚的大公司可从容应对知识产权侵权诉讼,但势单力薄的小公司或个人寻求司法救济时,却通常因诉讼费用昂贵而不敢问津。此时,保险界设计的新险种——知识产权保险满足了诉讼双方当事人的需要,使得权利人起诉知识产权侵权行为的诉讼费用,和侵权人应诉侵权指控的抗辩费用以及损害赔偿责任均可获得保单的承保。因此,知识产权保险从攻防两方面来看,对于维护公司的稳定运行和缓冲公司的诉讼风险都是极其重要的。
鉴于知识产权保险对于知识产权的有力保障,本文建议在我国适度开发知识产权保险。知识产权保险在美国和德国的发展最为完善,本文即从介绍美德两国知识产权保险的种类入手,在比较不同知识产权保险险种的承保范围,和探讨不同知识产权保险存在的理论争议之基础上,提出在我国适度开发知识产权保险的基本设想。
由于知识产权保险在世界范围内亦属新兴事物,我国尚未有专门介绍或研究知识产权保险的论文或著述见诸纸端。因此,本文对于知识产权保险的研究,和对开发我国知识产权保险的设想,可谓是开拓性的探讨。但限于笔者才疏学浅,这种粗浅的探讨只是一个尝试的开始,希望今后能够在更深的层次上做出思考。本文以为抛砖引玉。
In knowledge economy era, much of a company’s true value relates to intellectual property and the financial community is making the presence or absence of a company’s IP strategy a factor in its investment decisions. Therefore, in today’s hyper competitive marketplace, on the one hand, businesses should make full use of intellectual property system to guard their assets; on the other hand, businesses should have a strategy of IP risk management to handle intellectual property claims. In general, larger companies can afford to maintain litigation, while smaller companies or individuals who pursue judicial recourse often do not have the necessary capital to sustain a long court battle against a well-financed opponent. Here,intellectual property insurance can solve this problem. When businesses pursue claims against other businesses that may have infringed on their intellectual property rights or businesses want to guard themselves from commercial claims, IP insurance is much needed. Because the firm’s protection of intellectual property is essential for its market position and its future development, IP insurance is becoming increasingly important from both an offensive and a defensive perspective.
Because IP insurance can afford efficient protection to intellectual property, this article advises that China insurance should open up IP insurance. IP insurance develops well in the U.S. and Germany, so this article will first introduce these two countries’ IP insurances, and then compare and analyze them. As a result, this article will express the idea of how to open up IP insurance.
As IP insurance is a new thing in the world, and no scholars make any studies on it in China, this article can be the first thesis that explores IP insurance in China. But limited by the author’s insufficient legal knowledge, this article only make superficial research, deep studies should go on in the further.
鉴于知识产权保险对于知识产权的有力保障,本文建议在我国适度开发知识产权保险。知识产权保险在美国和德国的发展最为完善,本文即从介绍美德两国知识产权保险的种类入手,在比较不同知识产权保险险种的承保范围,和探讨不同知识产权保险存在的理论争议之基础上,提出在我国适度开发知识产权保险的基本设想。
由于知识产权保险在世界范围内亦属新兴事物,我国尚未有专门介绍或研究知识产权保险的论文或著述见诸纸端。因此,本文对于知识产权保险的研究,和对开发我国知识产权保险的设想,可谓是开拓性的探讨。但限于笔者才疏学浅,这种粗浅的探讨只是一个尝试的开始,希望今后能够在更深的层次上做出思考。本文以为抛砖引玉。
In knowledge economy era, much of a company’s true value relates to intellectual property and the financial community is making the presence or absence of a company’s IP strategy a factor in its investment decisions. Therefore, in today’s hyper competitive marketplace, on the one hand, businesses should make full use of intellectual property system to guard their assets; on the other hand, businesses should have a strategy of IP risk management to handle intellectual property claims. In general, larger companies can afford to maintain litigation, while smaller companies or individuals who pursue judicial recourse often do not have the necessary capital to sustain a long court battle against a well-financed opponent. Here,intellectual property insurance can solve this problem. When businesses pursue claims against other businesses that may have infringed on their intellectual property rights or businesses want to guard themselves from commercial claims, IP insurance is much needed. Because the firm’s protection of intellectual property is essential for its market position and its future development, IP insurance is becoming increasingly important from both an offensive and a defensive perspective.
Because IP insurance can afford efficient protection to intellectual property, this article advises that China insurance should open up IP insurance. IP insurance develops well in the U.S. and Germany, so this article will first introduce these two countries’ IP insurances, and then compare and analyze them. As a result, this article will express the idea of how to open up IP insurance.
As IP insurance is a new thing in the world, and no scholars make any studies on it in China, this article can be the first thesis that explores IP insurance in China. But limited by the author’s insufficient legal knowledge, this article only make superficial research, deep studies should go on in the further.
引文
程永顺.专利侵权判定实务.北京:法律出版社, 2002
程永顺,罗李华.专利侵权判定:中美法条与案例比较研究.北京:专利文献出版社, 1998
(美)阿列克斯·夏妥夫,顾柏康译.美国联邦巡回上诉法院专利案件年鉴1999:专利法在联邦巡回上诉法院中的发展.北京:知识产权出版社, 2001
王卫耻.实用保险法.台湾:文笙书局,1981
叶京生.美国知识产权案例与评注.上海:上海译文出版社,1998
孟庆法.美国专利及商标保护.北京:专利文献出版社,1992
邵景春.欧洲联盟的法律与制度.北京:人民法院出版社,1999
刘剑文.知识经济与法律变革.北京:法律出版社,2000
(英)A.G.盖斯特,张文镇等译.英国合同法与案例.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1998
Malcolm A. Clarke. 何美欢, 吴志攀等译.保险合同法.北京:北京大学出版社, 2002
(英)科林·史密斯.责任保险.北京:中国金融出版社,1991
袁宗蔚.保险学概要.台北 : 三民书局股份有限公司, 民国74[1985]
关浣非.保险利益论.北京 : 中国金融出版社, 2003
邹海林.责任保险论.北京:法律出版社,1999
(美) Scott E.Harrington, (美) Gregory R. Niehaus著,陈秉正, 周伏平译.风险管理与保险.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
(美)C. 小阿瑟·威廉斯,(美)迈克尔·L. 史密斯,(美)彼得·C. 扬著,马从辉, 刘国翰译.风险管理和保险.第八版.北京 : 经济科学出版社, 2000
(美) 康斯坦斯·M. 卢瑟晋特, 巴里·D. 史密斯, 埃里克·A.财产与责任保险原理.北京 : 北京大学出版社,2003
吴荣清.财产保险概要.台湾:三民书局,1992
国际咨询工程师联合会,中国工程咨询协会编译.职业责任保险入门.北京:中国计划出版社, 2001
魏华林,王文祥编著.保险业的世贸规则及国际惯例.北京:中国言实出版社, 2001
段昆.当代美国保险.上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001
谢怀栻.德意志联邦共和国民事诉讼法.北京:中国法制出版社, 2001
(德)狄特·克罗林庚著,刘汉富译.德国民事诉讼法律与实务.北京:法律出版社, 2000
宋冰编.读本:美国与德国的司法制度及司法程序.北京:中国政法大学,1998
白绿铉,卞建林译.美国联邦民事诉讼规则证据规则.北京:中国法制出版社, 2000
汤维建.美国民事司法制度与民事诉讼程序.北京:中国法制出版社2001年版
蔡吉祥.未来新险种:无形资产保险.金融时报.2000年6月22日
杨柳明.保险险种创新障碍及对策.金融与保险,2002.4
吴汉东.关于知识产权基本制度的经济学思考.法学,2000.4
关浣非.当代资本主义保险市场管窥.世界经济文汇,1999.1
邹海林.论保险利益原则及其适用.中外法学,1996.5
李平.美国的知识产权保护制度对我国的启示.世界经济与政治,2003.2
邹勇.知识产权保护刍议.南京经济学院学报,2002.4
张景安.知识产权与制度创新.科技与法律,2002.3
尹新天.如何发挥知识产权制度的作用.知识产权,2003.5
赵阳.论知识产权侵权行为的经济学诱因.黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报,2003.1
胡颖.我国保险创新的走势分析.金融与保险,2000.2
刘冬姣.西方国家保险创新及其启示.财贸经济,1996.10
郭玫.WTO与中国保险业.首都经济贸易大学学报,2000.2
郑毅,徐光宇.论知识经济时代与保险创新.金融理论与实践.1999.2
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夏梅风.论保险创新能力是保险公司的核心竞争力.保险研究,2003.7
王福新.加强保险创新,迎接入世挑战.价格理论与实践,2000.9
徐光颖.论知识经济时代与保险创新.海南金融,1999.2
龙焕明.国际保险创新.南方金融,1998.6
吴辉.企业应当引入知识产权战略管理.知识产权报,2004年4月1日
录长明.积极防范专利风险,有效应对侵权袭扰.知识产权报,2004年4月8日
张淑艳.新险种开发中的市场风险与管理.中国保险报,2002年10月24日
晓青.一桩发生在三峡工程投标中的美国专利官司.中国知识产权报,2003年4月10日
白光清.拷问美国法律的“许诺销售”,2003年4月10日
Emma Connors. New Insurance To Help SMEs Protect IP. Financial Review,March 4,2002.
http://www.qpsx.com.au/press-room/new_insurance_to_help.html
Ivar Strahl. Tort Liability and Insurance. Scandinavian Studies In Law. 1959, Volume 3
Kenneth S. Abraham, Insurance Law and Regulation, Foundation Press, 1990
Danish Patent and Trade Mark Office,Ministry of Trade and Industry.Insurance Scheme for Patents. March 13,2002.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/indprop/patent/annex1.pdf
John Horsted ,The Danish Patent and Trademark Office. “A European
Insurance Scheme In Relation To Patents”——Speech given at the LES Benelux Topic Meeting on 16 October 2002 in Brussels, Belgium. LES Nouvelles Dec.12
Advertising Injury Coverage For Patent Infringement Claims: Is It Back After Everett? .Reprinted with permission of Insurance Coverage Litigation Committee Newsletter - Winter 20001.
http://www.rkmc.com/news.articles.read1.cfm?AID=169
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程永顺,罗李华.专利侵权判定:中美法条与案例比较研究.北京:专利文献出版社, 1998
(美)阿列克斯·夏妥夫,顾柏康译.美国联邦巡回上诉法院专利案件年鉴1999:专利法在联邦巡回上诉法院中的发展.北京:知识产权出版社, 2001
王卫耻.实用保险法.台湾:文笙书局,1981
叶京生.美国知识产权案例与评注.上海:上海译文出版社,1998
孟庆法.美国专利及商标保护.北京:专利文献出版社,1992
邵景春.欧洲联盟的法律与制度.北京:人民法院出版社,1999
刘剑文.知识经济与法律变革.北京:法律出版社,2000
(英)A.G.盖斯特,张文镇等译.英国合同法与案例.北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1998
Malcolm A. Clarke. 何美欢, 吴志攀等译.保险合同法.北京:北京大学出版社, 2002
(英)科林·史密斯.责任保险.北京:中国金融出版社,1991
袁宗蔚.保险学概要.台北 : 三民书局股份有限公司, 民国74[1985]
关浣非.保险利益论.北京 : 中国金融出版社, 2003
邹海林.责任保险论.北京:法律出版社,1999
(美) Scott E.Harrington, (美) Gregory R. Niehaus著,陈秉正, 周伏平译.风险管理与保险.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
(美)C. 小阿瑟·威廉斯,(美)迈克尔·L. 史密斯,(美)彼得·C. 扬著,马从辉, 刘国翰译.风险管理和保险.第八版.北京 : 经济科学出版社, 2000
(美) 康斯坦斯·M. 卢瑟晋特, 巴里·D. 史密斯, 埃里克·A.财产与责任保险原理.北京 : 北京大学出版社,2003
吴荣清.财产保险概要.台湾:三民书局,1992
国际咨询工程师联合会,中国工程咨询协会编译.职业责任保险入门.北京:中国计划出版社, 2001
魏华林,王文祥编著.保险业的世贸规则及国际惯例.北京:中国言实出版社, 2001
段昆.当代美国保险.上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001
谢怀栻.德意志联邦共和国民事诉讼法.北京:中国法制出版社, 2001
(德)狄特·克罗林庚著,刘汉富译.德国民事诉讼法律与实务.北京:法律出版社, 2000
宋冰编.读本:美国与德国的司法制度及司法程序.北京:中国政法大学,1998
白绿铉,卞建林译.美国联邦民事诉讼规则证据规则.北京:中国法制出版社, 2000
汤维建.美国民事司法制度与民事诉讼程序.北京:中国法制出版社2001年版
蔡吉祥.未来新险种:无形资产保险.金融时报.2000年6月22日
杨柳明.保险险种创新障碍及对策.金融与保险,2002.4
吴汉东.关于知识产权基本制度的经济学思考.法学,2000.4
关浣非.当代资本主义保险市场管窥.世界经济文汇,1999.1
邹海林.论保险利益原则及其适用.中外法学,1996.5
李平.美国的知识产权保护制度对我国的启示.世界经济与政治,2003.2
邹勇.知识产权保护刍议.南京经济学院学报,2002.4
张景安.知识产权与制度创新.科技与法律,2002.3
尹新天.如何发挥知识产权制度的作用.知识产权,2003.5
赵阳.论知识产权侵权行为的经济学诱因.黑龙江省政法管理干部学院学报,2003.1
胡颖.我国保险创新的走势分析.金融与保险,2000.2
刘冬姣.西方国家保险创新及其启示.财贸经济,1996.10
郭玫.WTO与中国保险业.首都经济贸易大学学报,2000.2
郑毅,徐光宇.论知识经济时代与保险创新.金融理论与实践.1999.2
杨威月,何光辉.我国保险创新实践及其未来发展潜力.财经论丛:浙江财经学院学报,2002.1
崔晓利.我国的保险创新.金融与保险,2000.2
肖智,刘敏.保险创新的新领域:网络保险.商业研究,2002.11
夏梅风.论保险创新能力是保险公司的核心竞争力.保险研究,2003.7
王福新.加强保险创新,迎接入世挑战.价格理论与实践,2000.9
徐光颖.论知识经济时代与保险创新.海南金融,1999.2
龙焕明.国际保险创新.南方金融,1998.6
吴辉.企业应当引入知识产权战略管理.知识产权报,2004年4月1日
录长明.积极防范专利风险,有效应对侵权袭扰.知识产权报,2004年4月8日
张淑艳.新险种开发中的市场风险与管理.中国保险报,2002年10月24日
晓青.一桩发生在三峡工程投标中的美国专利官司.中国知识产权报,2003年4月10日
白光清.拷问美国法律的“许诺销售”,2003年4月10日
Emma Connors. New Insurance To Help SMEs Protect IP. Financial Review,March 4,2002.
http://www.qpsx.com.au/press-room/new_insurance_to_help.html
Ivar Strahl. Tort Liability and Insurance. Scandinavian Studies In Law. 1959, Volume 3
Kenneth S. Abraham, Insurance Law and Regulation, Foundation Press, 1990
Danish Patent and Trade Mark Office,Ministry of Trade and Industry.Insurance Scheme for Patents. March 13,2002.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/internal_market/en/indprop/patent/annex1.pdf
John Horsted ,The Danish Patent and Trademark Office. “A European
Insurance Scheme In Relation To Patents”——Speech given at the LES Benelux Topic Meeting on 16 October 2002 in Brussels, Belgium. LES Nouvelles Dec.12
Advertising Injury Coverage For Patent Infringement Claims: Is It Back After Everett? .Reprinted with permission of Insurance Coverage Litigation Committee Newsletter - Winter 20001.
http://www.rkmc.com/news.articles.read1.cfm?AID=169
First Circuit Says Damages Suffered from Trade Dress Infringement and Unfair Competition Are Not Advertising Injury. Intellectual Property & Technology Law Journal, March 2002, Volume 14. Number 3
Second Circuit Concludes Insurer Has Duty to Defend Trade Dress Infringement Claims Under “Advertising Injury ” Policy Provision, Intellectual Property & Technology Law Journal, August 2002, Volume 14. Number 8
Advertising Injury Coverage Denied for Patent Litigation ,February 8, 2002. http://www.cfglaw.com/opinions/cheese.html
David Jacoby , Judith S. Roth. Update: Another Court Favors Broader View Of Advertising Injury Coverage For Trademark Infringement Claim.
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Coverage - Advertising Injury – Title Industrial Indemnity Co. v. Apple Computer, Inc.,weekly law resume, April 29, 1999 Issue
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Frank S. Vaden .Write New Protect Announcement To Be Both "Advertising" And "Offers For Sale" To Trigger Insurance Coverage.
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Keith L. Slenkovich. Insurance Coverage For Patent Infringement Cases Under Standard CGL Policies.Thelen Reid Report No. 41.October 18, 2000.
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Steven D. Hemminger. Internet Usage And The Potential Effect In Your Management Of Your Patent Program.
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Keith D. Parr , Lord, Bissell & Brook.Infringement of Intellectual Property Rights:Do We Need Coverage for This? American Bar Association Annual Meeting,Business Law Section.http://www.iprm.com/lordbissell.html
John P. Costello.That Naked Feeling: Does Your Client's Business Insurance Policy Provide Protection From Patent Infringement Lawsuits?
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Rasser. IP strategy can tip balance. LEXIS Financial News, January 14.2002
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the Community Patent System, ECU. Committee of the American Chamber of Commerce in Belgium – Business Guide to E.U. initiatives. Chapter 6- Intellectual Property. 1998/99