山西省产学研合作效率评价及优化研究
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摘要
技术创新是推动区域科技进步与经济持续发展的不竭动力,是企业在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地的重要法宝。如何有效推进技术创新,已经成为各国或地区关注的焦点。产学研合作作为当前加强技术创新的一种有效途径,在区域创新系统中发挥着重要作用。推进产学研合作,有利于集成企业、大学和科研院所各自的优势,有效聚集区域资源,提升创新要素的效率。对产学研合作效率进行定量研究,明确其主要影响因素,对提升产学研合作效率,增强区域资源有效整合,提升区域自主创新能力,进而推动区域经济的发展具有一定的意义。
本文在介绍技术创新理论、交易费用理论、产权理论及信息不对称理论等相关理论的基础上,从山西省产学研合作的投入和产出的相关数据入手,运用比较分析法,通过与中部其他五省及北京、江苏、广东的对比,分析了山西省产学研合作的现状及存在的问题。在此基础上,按照相关原则并参考有关资料建立了山西省产学研合作效率评价体系,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对我国31省市产学研合作效率进行了评价和比较,指出山西省产学研合作效率在31省市中相对较低。然后,采用复合DEA分析确定了导致山西省产学研合作效率较低的主要影响因素:R&D经费支出总额、高校科技经费来自政府的金额、科技人员数量、技术市场合同成交额和科研院所研发课题数。并按照DEA的投影原理,针对各指标中存在的松弛变量和剩余变量,做出了应将各投入指标平均减少40%,产出指标中的三种专利受理数、技术市场合同成交额、高校科技服务课题数和高技术产业新产品产值分别增加11.28%、216%、47%、74.8%的优化方案,调整后山西省产学研合作达到DEA有效。最后针对影响山西省产学研合作效率的主要因素,从适度增加财力和人力投入及优化外部环境等方面提出了相关措施,以提高山西省产学研合作效率,加快区域技术创新步伐,推动区域经济的发展。。
本文的创新之处在于,采用数据包络方法对山西省产学研合作进行了定量评价,并指出其效率的主要影响因素,使决策主体对本省产学研合作状况的认识更直观,为决策主体制定相关政策提供依据。
Technological innovation is the inexhaustible motive force for regional scientific and technological progress and sustainable economic development, and it is also the wonder-working magic for the enterprises to secure an invincible position in fierce market competition. How to effectively promote technological innovation has become a national or regional focus issue. As an effective way to strengthen the technological innovation, cooperation in terms of industry, university and research institute plays an important role in regional innovation system. To promote cooperation among industry, university and research institute integrates the respective advantage of enterprises, universities and research institutes, aggregates effectively regional resources and enhances the efficiency of innovation factors. Therefore, it has great significance for strengthening effective integration of regional resources, enhancing the regional innovation ability and promoting economic development to do quantitative research on the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute and find out the main influencing factors.
Based on the introduction of technological innovation theory, transaction cost theory, property theory and asymmetric information, the input and output cooperation among industry, university and research institute is analyzed by contrast Shanxi province with the other provinces in central, Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and then the situation and existing problem in Shanxi are analyzed. Then the evaluation of cooperation among industry, university and research institute in Shanxi is put forward according to related principle and concerning information, and then the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute in 31 provinces is evaluated and compared. From the analysis, it is drown that the efficiency in Shanxi province is lower. The main factors leading to low efficiency are listed as followed:R&D total expenses, scientific research funds from the government, the number of scientists, turnover of technology market contrast and R&D subjects of scientific research institutes. According to projection principle of DEA and aimed at slack variables and remaining variables in index, the input indicators should be reduced by 40% on average, and three kind patent pending, technology market contrast turnover, the number of university technology service issues and new products value of high-tech industry output in output index system should be increased by 11.28%, 216%, 47% and 74.8% respectively. After the adjustment, the cooperation among industry, university and research institute is effective. Finally, some measures are put forward to increase financial and human investment and optimize the external environment in order to improve the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute, accelerate the pace of regional technology innovation and promote economic development.
The innovation of this paper is conducting a quantitative evaluation on cooperation among industry, university and research institute by DEA, which makes decision-making have a more intuitive understanding on the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute and provides basis for formulating relevant policies.
本文在介绍技术创新理论、交易费用理论、产权理论及信息不对称理论等相关理论的基础上,从山西省产学研合作的投入和产出的相关数据入手,运用比较分析法,通过与中部其他五省及北京、江苏、广东的对比,分析了山西省产学研合作的现状及存在的问题。在此基础上,按照相关原则并参考有关资料建立了山西省产学研合作效率评价体系,运用数据包络分析方法(DEA)对我国31省市产学研合作效率进行了评价和比较,指出山西省产学研合作效率在31省市中相对较低。然后,采用复合DEA分析确定了导致山西省产学研合作效率较低的主要影响因素:R&D经费支出总额、高校科技经费来自政府的金额、科技人员数量、技术市场合同成交额和科研院所研发课题数。并按照DEA的投影原理,针对各指标中存在的松弛变量和剩余变量,做出了应将各投入指标平均减少40%,产出指标中的三种专利受理数、技术市场合同成交额、高校科技服务课题数和高技术产业新产品产值分别增加11.28%、216%、47%、74.8%的优化方案,调整后山西省产学研合作达到DEA有效。最后针对影响山西省产学研合作效率的主要因素,从适度增加财力和人力投入及优化外部环境等方面提出了相关措施,以提高山西省产学研合作效率,加快区域技术创新步伐,推动区域经济的发展。。
本文的创新之处在于,采用数据包络方法对山西省产学研合作进行了定量评价,并指出其效率的主要影响因素,使决策主体对本省产学研合作状况的认识更直观,为决策主体制定相关政策提供依据。
Technological innovation is the inexhaustible motive force for regional scientific and technological progress and sustainable economic development, and it is also the wonder-working magic for the enterprises to secure an invincible position in fierce market competition. How to effectively promote technological innovation has become a national or regional focus issue. As an effective way to strengthen the technological innovation, cooperation in terms of industry, university and research institute plays an important role in regional innovation system. To promote cooperation among industry, university and research institute integrates the respective advantage of enterprises, universities and research institutes, aggregates effectively regional resources and enhances the efficiency of innovation factors. Therefore, it has great significance for strengthening effective integration of regional resources, enhancing the regional innovation ability and promoting economic development to do quantitative research on the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute and find out the main influencing factors.
Based on the introduction of technological innovation theory, transaction cost theory, property theory and asymmetric information, the input and output cooperation among industry, university and research institute is analyzed by contrast Shanxi province with the other provinces in central, Beijing, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and then the situation and existing problem in Shanxi are analyzed. Then the evaluation of cooperation among industry, university and research institute in Shanxi is put forward according to related principle and concerning information, and then the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute in 31 provinces is evaluated and compared. From the analysis, it is drown that the efficiency in Shanxi province is lower. The main factors leading to low efficiency are listed as followed:R&D total expenses, scientific research funds from the government, the number of scientists, turnover of technology market contrast and R&D subjects of scientific research institutes. According to projection principle of DEA and aimed at slack variables and remaining variables in index, the input indicators should be reduced by 40% on average, and three kind patent pending, technology market contrast turnover, the number of university technology service issues and new products value of high-tech industry output in output index system should be increased by 11.28%, 216%, 47% and 74.8% respectively. After the adjustment, the cooperation among industry, university and research institute is effective. Finally, some measures are put forward to increase financial and human investment and optimize the external environment in order to improve the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute, accelerate the pace of regional technology innovation and promote economic development.
The innovation of this paper is conducting a quantitative evaluation on cooperation among industry, university and research institute by DEA, which makes decision-making have a more intuitive understanding on the efficiency of cooperation among industry, university and research institute and provides basis for formulating relevant policies.
引文
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[8] Michael D Santoro .Success breeds success: the linkage between relationship intensity and tangible outcomes in industry-university collaborative ventures. The Journal of High Technology Management Research.2000.
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[12] T.Luukkonen. Understanding patterns of international scientific collaboration. Science 1992.
[13] Anna.Lee Saxenian.Regional Advantage:Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route Cambridge:Harvard University Press MA,1994.
[14]李政,金晓彤.产学研合作的性质、因素及模式研究[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2008,(4):83-87.
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[16]曹焕元,李小伟.产学合作中若干知识产权问题[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),1993,(5):95-95.
[17]袁建文.论企业联盟[J].北方经济,2002,(4):22-24.
[18]吴文华.产学研合作中的政府行为研究[J].科技管理研究,1999,(2):44-45.
[19] David.H.Lee A technology transfer model for industry-university-government partnerships,1990.
[20] Joseph Z Shyu.. A crossnational comparative analysis of innovation policy in the integrated circuit industry , Technology in Society 2001.
[21] Simon Shohet.Martha Prevezer UK biotechnology: institutional linkages, technology transfer and the role of intermediaries, R & D Management ,1992.
[22] Santoro , Chakrabarti.Why collaborate ? Exploring Industry’s Strategic Objectives for Establishing Industry-University Technology Relationship[R].Conferance Proceedings PICMET ,Portland,OR,2000.
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