智慧型作物生长环境监测与管理技术研究
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摘要
我国是世界农业大国,农业是我国的传统和基础产业。随着我国农业的基础条件、投入程度、科技程度等的不断改良和进步,农产品产量大幅度增长。但是,我国在农业发展中仍然面临着诸多的问题与挑战,普及符合我国国情的科技农业是促进我国农业发展的必经之路。本研究面向广大农村,针对我国北方地区简易温室大棚中的作物生长环境监测及作物生产管理展开,主要研究工作及创新由两大部分组成:
     1、基于太阳能供电的环境监测系统。主要研究工作包括:(1)针对简易大棚的内部简陋等实际环境,系统采取太阳能供电方案,提高了监测装置安装的方便性;(2)通过以微处理器作为控制器集成各种传感器实现了对简易大棚内环境的空气温湿度、光照强度、CO2浓度和土壤湿度等参数的采集、存储;(3)研究了环境监测系统通过蓝牙技术与智能手机进行通讯,对各项参数信息进行传输。主要创新包括:(1)监测装置新颖的结构设计以及太阳能供电方案使得监测系统的灵活性、便携性得到了很大的提高,并且整个监测装置的便携性以及低成本使得其在农村简易大棚中推广奠定了基础;(2)监测系统中蓝牙技术的应用,可以快速便捷的为智能手机提供足够的数据进行现场决策。
     2、分布式专家决策系统。主要研究工作包括:(1)结合专家系统理论以及农业专家系统的体系结构,在后台的PC机端开发了农业专家决策系统,其中的推理机采用了基于改进GP(Genetic Programming)的不确定性推理算法,来增加其推理能力;(2)在WM(Windows Mobile)系统下的智能手机平台上开发了简化的专家决策系统,对简易大棚内的简单情况进行现场决策指导,其中推理部分采用混合推理算法,环境控制决策部分采用模糊解耦算法,实现了温湿度解耦控制,提高了决策的准确性;(3)针对智能手机端决策系统无法解决的复杂情况,利用GSM网络,将问题发送给后台的PC机端决策系统进行解决,实现了分布式专家决策系统之间的通信。并且可以将该决策结果存入当前智能手机端系统数据库,实现了系统知识库的动态更新。主要创新包括:(1)以WM智能手机为桥梁,实现了普通农户和专家决策系统的无缝链接,真正实现了专家决策系统的普及应用;(2)针对PC和智能手机各自的硬件特点设计了分布式专家决策系统;(3)针对现有农业专家决策系统只能处理简单情况,对于复杂多变情况很难准确的给出解决方案,在推理机部分采用改进的GP算法增加了后台PC端专家决策系统的推理能力。
     通过实地测试,本研究中的监测系统能够在我国北方简易大棚环境条件下良好地运行,实现了对各项参数数据进行实时、精确的监测和采集;分布式系统中的智能手机端系统可以在现场给出有效的决策管理方案,对于较为复杂的病虫害等问题通过后台PC端系统也能得到有效的解决。低成本、安装简便灵活以及智能手机的普及使得本研究达到了在广大农村简易大棚中进行普及推广的要求。
China is the world's major agricultural country,and agriculture is a traditional andbasic industries of china. With the continuous improvement and progress of the basicconditions,input level,science and technology degree of China's agriculture,agriculturalproduction have made a substantial growth.However,agricultural development of Chinastill faces many problems and challenges. So implementation of ecological agriculture inline with China's national conditions is the necessary way to promote China’s agriculturaldevelopment. This study is for the majority of rural, aiming at the environmentalmonitoring and crop production management of the north district simplified greenhouse.The research work and innovation is composed of two parts:
     1、Environmental monitoring system based on the solar-powered. The research workincludes:(1) Against to the simple greenhouse internal shabby actual environment, thesystem takes solar power program which has improved the convenience of installation ofmonitoring devices;(2)The system uses a microcontroller as controller,and it can collectand store the temperature, humidity, light intensity, soil moisture and other parameters ofthe simple greenhouse environment.(3)The system has studied the enviromentalmonitoring system that communicates with the smart phone via bluetooth technology andtransmits the real-time parameters. Major innovations include:(1) novel monitoring devicestructure design, and solar-powered program allows the flexibility and portability of themonitoring system has been greatly improved, and because of the portability and low costof the monitoring device, it laid the foundation for promotion of rural simple greenhouses;(2)That the bluetooth technology used in monitoring system can provide sufficient datafor smart phones to make spot decisions quickly and easily.
     2、Distributed expert decision-making system. The research work includes:(1)Combined expert systems theory with the architecture of the agricultural expert system,thestudy developed the agricultural expert decision-making system in the PC,in which theinference engine uses improved GP(Genetic Programming) uncertainty reasoningalgorithm to increase their reasoning ability;(2)in the smart phone platform which is underthe WM(Windows Mobile) system,the study developed a the simplified expert decision-making system,to make the filed decision guidance for the simple cases of thesimple greenhouse,in which the reasoning part adopt mixed reasoning algorithm, the partof greenhouse control decision adopt the fuzzy decoupling control algorithm, to realize thetemperature and humidity decoupling control.(3) For the complicated problem which thesmart mobile decision system unable to solve, using GSM network, send the problem tothe background PC end decision system for solving, to realize communication between thedistributed expert decision system. And can store the decision result in the currentintelligent mobile terminal system database, to realize the update of the dynamic systemknowledge database. The main innovation including:(1) Using the WM smart phones asBridge, realize the seamless connection of the ordinary farmers and expert decision system,to achieve a truly universal application of the expert decision system;(2) According to thehardware features of PC and smart mobile phone, this study design a distributed expertdecision system;(3) For the existing agricultural expert decision-making system can onlyhandle simple problems, which is difficult to give accurately solutions for complex andvolatile situation, this study adopts improved GP algorithm increases the background PCexpert decision system reasoning ability in the reasoning machine part.
     Through the experimental test, monitoring system in this study can run well under theenvironmental conditions in northern China Easy greenhouses. It can realize real-time,accurately monitoring and collection of the parameters of the data in the greenhouseenvironment; The smart phone end systems in distributed system can give effectivedecision management solutions in the field. For more complex problems such as plantdiseases and insect pests can be effectively solved through the background PC system.Low-cost, easy installation and flexible, as well as the popularity of smart phones makesthis study met the requirements of the majority of rural simple greenhouses.
引文
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