云计算环境下的科学工作流关键技术研究
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摘要
科学计算是指应用计算机求解科学研究和工程技术中所遇到的科学问题的过程。作为与理论、实验同等重要的第三种科学研究手段,科学计算已经在科学研究的诸多领域,如高能物理、武器研制、生物信息、大气科学等领域发挥着非常重要日不可替代的作用。现代科学研究的内容相比于传统的科学研究而言,具有大规模合作、多学科交义的性质,学科之间的横向和纵向联系更加紧密;现代科学研究的方法和手段越来越依赖于新兴的信息技术、网络技术；现代科学研究的过程中通常需要组合不同领域、多个组织的应用程序对海量数据进行发现、处理、存储及可视化等操作。传统面向单一科学领域、单一组织或项目的科学问题求解环境已经不能满足大规模多学科交叉的现代科学计算的需求,需要一种协同科学计算环境为多学科的用户提供一个数据共享、协同工作的虚拟空间,以实现对复杂科学计算过程中的跨学科的协同合作。
工作流作为一种过程自动化和工作协同技术,已在现代企业的业务过程管理、电子政务和电子商务等领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。科学工作流是工作流技术在科学研究上的应用,科学工作流是求解一个科学问题的自动或半自动的求解过程的计算机实现,是工作流技术在科学计算中的应用和发展。传统的科学工作流面向特定领域和科研项目,计算所需的数据和资源都存储和分布在组织范围内,无法支持分布式、异质平台上的计算工具和资源的使用。网格工作流是为了有效地解决网格和科学计算中具有流特性的操作的自动化问题而发展起来的技术,它是网格服务的操作流,这些网格服务协作完成一个特定的目标。然而,网格工作流系统通常需要在复杂的分布式计算机系统上执行,例如高性能计算机、分布式集群系统以及网格系统等,构造这样的系统往往需要付出异常昂贵的代价。申请访问这些系统也需要复杂耗时的过程。
云计算是分布式计算、并行计算和网格计算的进一步发展,它是基于互联网的计算,能够向各种互联网应用提供基础架构服务(IaaS)、平台服务(PaaS)和软件服务(SaaS)。云计算提供共享基础设施的方法,它通过虚拟化技术将分布在不同地理位置的计算资源和存储资源虚拟成一个资源池,用户需要使用资源时申请资源,使用完后释放资源,从而提供了资源重用性。通过这种方式,云计算中心可以提供高性能、低成本和使用简单的计算资源和海量的存储资源。随着云计算技术的深入研究和推广应用,其高效、灵活、按需服务、按质付费的特点为解决科学工作流运行过程中的难题提供了一种新的思路。基于云计算环境,实现跨组织、跨领域的数据处理工作间的协同和科学研究过程的自动化已成为科学研究中亟待解决的问题之一。
云计算环境下的科学工作流的技术和应用正逐渐成为科学工作流领域的研究热点。云计算运行环境的动态与开放性、云服务的分布自治性和科学工作流业务逻辑的松散耦合性,使得云科学工作流系统可以充分发挥二者的综合优势,同时也给云科学工作流的研究提出了新问题,建立具有容错能力的云科学工作流模型、提高云科学工作流的服务质量成为云科学工作流研究需要优先解决的难题。本文在研究现有云计算技术和科学工作流开发方法的基础上,针对如何建立云科学工作流模型、提高云科学工作流系统的服务质量问题,研究并建立了云计算环境下的科学工作流的容错机制、面向QOS的云科学工作流的调度机制及其支撑框架：设计一种支持容错的云科学工作流系统体系结构描述语言CSWFADL-EH;基于其设计理念、语法结构,给出了CSWFADL-EH语言的云科学工作流体系结构层容错能力的描述方法；提出了一种新的云服务服务质量的参数体系和计算模型,在WS-BPEL科学工作流描述语言基础上,提出了一种新的云科学工作流服务质量的参数体系和计算模型,并给出了相应的计算算法,建立了服务质量感知的云科学工作流调度问题的数学模型,给出了云科学工作流QoS管理框架-CSWFQoSM；设计了一种支持容错和QoS管理的云计算环境下的科学工作流系统框架CSWF-F,并论述了CSWF-F的体系结构、支撑环境的功能,以及关键的实现技术。
Scientific computing refers to the application of computers to solve scientific problems encountered in the scientific research and engineering process. As a theory, the experiment equally important third scientific research means scientific computing in many fields of scientific research, such as the field of high-energy physics, weapons development, bioinformatics, atmospheric science plays a very important and irreplaceable role. Compared to modern scientific research in traditional scientific research, large-scale cooperation, horizontal and vertical linkages between the multidisciplinary nature of disciplines more closely; methods and means of modern scientific research is increasingly dependent on emerging information technology, network technology; modern scientific research process usually requires the combination of different fields, the application of multiple organizations found, processing, storage and visualization of massive data operation. Traditional single field of science-oriented, scientific problem solving environment of a single organization or project can not meet the needs of modern large-scale multi-disciplinary scientific computing, the need for a collaborative scientific computing environment for multidisciplinary provide users with a data sharing and collaborative work virtual space, in order to achieve a collaborative interdisciplinary process of complex scientific computing.
Workflow as a process automation and collaboration technology in the field of modern enterprise business process management, e-government and e-commerce has been a wide range of research and application. Scientific Workflow is automatic or semi-automatic workflow technology in the scientific research, scientific workflow is solving a scientific problem solving process computer implementation, application and development of workflow technology in scientific computing. Traditional scientific workflow for specific areas and research projects, calculate the required data and resources are stored and distributed in the organization-wide, can not support the use of distributed, heterogeneous platform computing tools and resources. Grid workflow technology is developed in order to effectively solve the problem of the automation of the operation of the flow characteristics in grid and scientific computing, grid services operating flow, these grid services collaboration to complete a specific goal. However, the grid workflow systems usually need to perform complex distributed computer systems, such as high-performance computers, distributed cluster system and grid system, construct such systems often require to pay unusually expensive price. To apply for access to these systems also require complex and time consuming process.
Cloud computing is distributed computing, parallel computing and grid computing's further development, it is the provision of Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS), Platform as a Services (PaaS) and Software as a Services (SaaS) Internet-based computing to a variety of Internet applications. Cloud computing provides shared infrastructure, it will be distributed through virtualization technology, virtual computing resources and storage resources in different geographic locations into a pool of resources, application resources, users need to use the resources to use after the release of resources, and to provide resources reusability. In this way, the cloud computing center can provide high-performance, low-cost and simple to use computing resources and vast amounts of storage resources. With cloud computing in-depth study and promote the application of the technology, its highly efficient, flexible, on-demand service, pay and quality characteristics of a new way of thinking to solve problems in scientific workflow running. Cloud-based computing environment, cross-organizational automation of of workplace synergy of interdisciplinary data processing and scientific research process has become one of the problems to be solved in the scientific research.
Scientific workflow technology and applications in cloud computing environment is becoming an urgent research spot of the scientific workflow field. The dynamic and open nature of cloud computing runtime environment, the distributed autonomy of cloud services and the loosely couple of scientific workflow's logic, make cloud-oriented scientific workflow systems can give full play the comprehensive advantages of both, however it proposes a new problem for scientific workflow research in cloud computing: how to creatively establish a fault-tolerant cloud-oriented scientific workflow model, and how to effectively improve the quality of service(QoS) of cloud-oriented scientific workflow. Based on the existing works of the fault-tolerant mechanisms and scientific workflow scheduling mechanism in cloud computing technology and scientific workflow development methodology, the paper designed a new fault-tolerant cloud-oriented scientific workflow system architecture description language CSWFADL-EH, and proposed a cloud-oriented scientific workflow QoS computational model and management system framework CSWFQoSM, and come up with the corresponding algorithm established; then The CSWF-F framework is designed to support fault tolerance and QoS management of cloud-oriented scientific workflow, at last, based on the Geological disaster warning scientific workflow, discusses the prototype system of CSWF-F, including the system supporting environment, as well as key implementation techniques.
工作流作为一种过程自动化和工作协同技术,已在现代企业的业务过程管理、电子政务和电子商务等领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。科学工作流是工作流技术在科学研究上的应用,科学工作流是求解一个科学问题的自动或半自动的求解过程的计算机实现,是工作流技术在科学计算中的应用和发展。传统的科学工作流面向特定领域和科研项目,计算所需的数据和资源都存储和分布在组织范围内,无法支持分布式、异质平台上的计算工具和资源的使用。网格工作流是为了有效地解决网格和科学计算中具有流特性的操作的自动化问题而发展起来的技术,它是网格服务的操作流,这些网格服务协作完成一个特定的目标。然而,网格工作流系统通常需要在复杂的分布式计算机系统上执行,例如高性能计算机、分布式集群系统以及网格系统等,构造这样的系统往往需要付出异常昂贵的代价。申请访问这些系统也需要复杂耗时的过程。
云计算是分布式计算、并行计算和网格计算的进一步发展,它是基于互联网的计算,能够向各种互联网应用提供基础架构服务(IaaS)、平台服务(PaaS)和软件服务(SaaS)。云计算提供共享基础设施的方法,它通过虚拟化技术将分布在不同地理位置的计算资源和存储资源虚拟成一个资源池,用户需要使用资源时申请资源,使用完后释放资源,从而提供了资源重用性。通过这种方式,云计算中心可以提供高性能、低成本和使用简单的计算资源和海量的存储资源。随着云计算技术的深入研究和推广应用,其高效、灵活、按需服务、按质付费的特点为解决科学工作流运行过程中的难题提供了一种新的思路。基于云计算环境,实现跨组织、跨领域的数据处理工作间的协同和科学研究过程的自动化已成为科学研究中亟待解决的问题之一。
云计算环境下的科学工作流的技术和应用正逐渐成为科学工作流领域的研究热点。云计算运行环境的动态与开放性、云服务的分布自治性和科学工作流业务逻辑的松散耦合性,使得云科学工作流系统可以充分发挥二者的综合优势,同时也给云科学工作流的研究提出了新问题,建立具有容错能力的云科学工作流模型、提高云科学工作流的服务质量成为云科学工作流研究需要优先解决的难题。本文在研究现有云计算技术和科学工作流开发方法的基础上,针对如何建立云科学工作流模型、提高云科学工作流系统的服务质量问题,研究并建立了云计算环境下的科学工作流的容错机制、面向QOS的云科学工作流的调度机制及其支撑框架：设计一种支持容错的云科学工作流系统体系结构描述语言CSWFADL-EH;基于其设计理念、语法结构,给出了CSWFADL-EH语言的云科学工作流体系结构层容错能力的描述方法；提出了一种新的云服务服务质量的参数体系和计算模型,在WS-BPEL科学工作流描述语言基础上,提出了一种新的云科学工作流服务质量的参数体系和计算模型,并给出了相应的计算算法,建立了服务质量感知的云科学工作流调度问题的数学模型,给出了云科学工作流QoS管理框架-CSWFQoSM；设计了一种支持容错和QoS管理的云计算环境下的科学工作流系统框架CSWF-F,并论述了CSWF-F的体系结构、支撑环境的功能,以及关键的实现技术。
Scientific computing refers to the application of computers to solve scientific problems encountered in the scientific research and engineering process. As a theory, the experiment equally important third scientific research means scientific computing in many fields of scientific research, such as the field of high-energy physics, weapons development, bioinformatics, atmospheric science plays a very important and irreplaceable role. Compared to modern scientific research in traditional scientific research, large-scale cooperation, horizontal and vertical linkages between the multidisciplinary nature of disciplines more closely; methods and means of modern scientific research is increasingly dependent on emerging information technology, network technology; modern scientific research process usually requires the combination of different fields, the application of multiple organizations found, processing, storage and visualization of massive data operation. Traditional single field of science-oriented, scientific problem solving environment of a single organization or project can not meet the needs of modern large-scale multi-disciplinary scientific computing, the need for a collaborative scientific computing environment for multidisciplinary provide users with a data sharing and collaborative work virtual space, in order to achieve a collaborative interdisciplinary process of complex scientific computing.
Workflow as a process automation and collaboration technology in the field of modern enterprise business process management, e-government and e-commerce has been a wide range of research and application. Scientific Workflow is automatic or semi-automatic workflow technology in the scientific research, scientific workflow is solving a scientific problem solving process computer implementation, application and development of workflow technology in scientific computing. Traditional scientific workflow for specific areas and research projects, calculate the required data and resources are stored and distributed in the organization-wide, can not support the use of distributed, heterogeneous platform computing tools and resources. Grid workflow technology is developed in order to effectively solve the problem of the automation of the operation of the flow characteristics in grid and scientific computing, grid services operating flow, these grid services collaboration to complete a specific goal. However, the grid workflow systems usually need to perform complex distributed computer systems, such as high-performance computers, distributed cluster system and grid system, construct such systems often require to pay unusually expensive price. To apply for access to these systems also require complex and time consuming process.
Cloud computing is distributed computing, parallel computing and grid computing's further development, it is the provision of Infrastructure as a Services (IaaS), Platform as a Services (PaaS) and Software as a Services (SaaS) Internet-based computing to a variety of Internet applications. Cloud computing provides shared infrastructure, it will be distributed through virtualization technology, virtual computing resources and storage resources in different geographic locations into a pool of resources, application resources, users need to use the resources to use after the release of resources, and to provide resources reusability. In this way, the cloud computing center can provide high-performance, low-cost and simple to use computing resources and vast amounts of storage resources. With cloud computing in-depth study and promote the application of the technology, its highly efficient, flexible, on-demand service, pay and quality characteristics of a new way of thinking to solve problems in scientific workflow running. Cloud-based computing environment, cross-organizational automation of of workplace synergy of interdisciplinary data processing and scientific research process has become one of the problems to be solved in the scientific research.
Scientific workflow technology and applications in cloud computing environment is becoming an urgent research spot of the scientific workflow field. The dynamic and open nature of cloud computing runtime environment, the distributed autonomy of cloud services and the loosely couple of scientific workflow's logic, make cloud-oriented scientific workflow systems can give full play the comprehensive advantages of both, however it proposes a new problem for scientific workflow research in cloud computing: how to creatively establish a fault-tolerant cloud-oriented scientific workflow model, and how to effectively improve the quality of service(QoS) of cloud-oriented scientific workflow. Based on the existing works of the fault-tolerant mechanisms and scientific workflow scheduling mechanism in cloud computing technology and scientific workflow development methodology, the paper designed a new fault-tolerant cloud-oriented scientific workflow system architecture description language CSWFADL-EH, and proposed a cloud-oriented scientific workflow QoS computational model and management system framework CSWFQoSM, and come up with the corresponding algorithm established; then The CSWF-F framework is designed to support fault tolerance and QoS management of cloud-oriented scientific workflow, at last, based on the Geological disaster warning scientific workflow, discusses the prototype system of CSWF-F, including the system supporting environment, as well as key implementation techniques.
引文
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