日粮能量水平对超饲养前溆浦鹅脂肪代谢影响的研究
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摘要
本试验主要研究饲粮不同能量水平对超饲养前期溆浦鹅脂肪代谢的影响，为溆浦鹅肥肝生产的超饲养技术提供科学依据。试验动物选取同批孵化和相同饲养管理条件下，体重差异不显著的健康溆浦鹅，随机分成三个组，每组4个重复，每个重复10只。全期分为0～21d、22～70d两个阶段，在0～21d阶段分别饲喂13.38MJ／kg、12.13 MJ／kg、10.87 MJ／kg，在22～70d阶段分别饲喂13.81 MJ／kg、12.55 MJ／kg、11.30 MJ／kg，并在21d和70d分别屠宰，研究不同日粮能量水平对溆浦鹅体脂沉积、血清参数、部分相关激素水平及肌肉生长抑制素基因mRNA表达丰度差异的影响。试验结果如下：
1)在试验前期(0～21d阶段)，溆浦鹅体重随能量水平提高而增加，而在试验后期(22～70d阶段)中，日粮能量水平对溆浦鹅体重有一定的促进作用，但效果不明显。在整个试验过程中，溆浦鹅平均日增重随日粮能量水平增提高而增加，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
2)日粮能量水平对屠体指标有一定的影响。在0～21d阶段，随日粮能量水平的提高，屠体重和屠宰率相应增加，但半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率均差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在22～70d阶段，随日粮能量水平的提高，屠体重相应增加，但屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率均差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
3)在0～21d阶段，溆浦鹅体脂沉积随日粮能量水平的提高而增加，但不差异显著(P＞0.05)；在22～70d阶段，日粮能量水平为12.55 MJ／kg时，腹脂率、胸肌
含脂率、皮下脂肪厚度、肌间脂肪宽显著高于试验2组(12.55 MJ／kg)和试验3组(11.30 MJ／kg)。
4)在0～21d阶段，当饲喂12.55 MJ／kg能量水平的日粮时，甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇显著高于其它两组，但日粮能量对极低密度脂蛋白间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在22～70d阶段，当饲喂12.55 MJ／kg能量水平的日粮时，甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白与其它两组相比，差异显著(P＞0.05)，而高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇随日粮能量水平的提高而显著增加(P＜0.05)。
5)在0～70d阶段，日粮能量对溆浦鹅血清IGF-1无显著影响(P＞0.05)。在22～70阶段，试验1组(13.81MJ／kg)GH水平显著低于试验2组(12.55MJ／kg)和试验3组(11.30 MJ／kg)GH水平(P＜0.05)。
6)日粮能量对21d溆浦鹅MSTN基因的表达丰度差异不显著(P＞0.05)；日粮能量水平对于70d鹅MSTN基因的表达有显著影响。
The trial was determined for two periods from the age of 0 day to 70 days (0-21 days,22-70 days) to estimate the effect of Dietary Energy Levels on fat metabolism of XupuGeese before Overfeeding. 120 healthy Xupu geese (0 days old) were randomLy dividedinto 3 groups. With 4 replications in each group, each replication has 10 geese, theirweghts were similar as treatment groups. They were fed on diets with different energylevels(13.38MJ/kg, 12.13 MJ/kg, 10.87 MJ/kg) in the first stage, and then fed on dietswith different energy levels(13.81 MJ/kg, 12.55 MJ/kg, 11.30 MJ/kg) in the second stage.The result were as follow:
1) The weight of XuPu geese were significant increasing with impoving dietaryenergy levels during the phase of 0-21 days. Dietary energy levels can improve thegrowth and weight of goose, but the result was not notable. In the whole stage, the avergeweight of XuPu geese was increasing with improving dietary energy levels, but the resultwas not notable(P＞0.05).
2) Dietary energy levels could affect carcass characteristics. With improving dietaryenergy levels, carcass weight and the dressing percentage were accordingly increasing inthe first stage. But abdominal adipose contents, semi-eviscerated carcass weightpercentage, the eviscerated carcass weight percentage, the leg muscle percentage amongall the groups were not significant(P＞0.05). In the secong stage (22～70 days), carcassweight significantly increasing with raising dietary energy levels, but the dressingpercentage, the semi-eviscerated carcass weight percentage, the eviscerated carcassweight percentage, the leg muscle percentage among all the groups were notsignificantly(P＞0.05).
3) With improving dietary energy levels, body fat deposition was not significantlyincreasing(P＞0.05) during the stage of 0～21 days. The abdominal fat percentage, chessmuscle fat percentage, subcutaneous fat thickness, intermuscular fat width of the secondgroup were significantly higher than those of the first group and the third group.
4) TG, LDL and TCH of the second group were significantly higher than the othertwo groups during the stage of 0～21 days, but dietary energy levels were not affectsignificantly the level of VLDL(P＞0.05). During the stage of 22～70 days, TG., LDL,VLDL of the second group(12.55 MJ/kg) were significantly different with those of theother groups, but HDL and TCH were significantly increasing with raising dietary energylevels(P＜0.05).
5) Dietary energy levels didn't affect significantly serum IGF-1 level of XuPu geese in the whole trial stage(P＞0.05), but serum GH levels of the first group were significantlyhigher than the second group and the third group.
6) Dietary energy levels didn't affect significantly the expression of MSTN at the ageof 21 days(P＞0.05), but could affect significantly the expression of MSTN at the age of70 days(P＜0.05).
1)在试验前期(0～21d阶段)，溆浦鹅体重随能量水平提高而增加，而在试验后期(22～70d阶段)中，日粮能量水平对溆浦鹅体重有一定的促进作用，但效果不明显。在整个试验过程中，溆浦鹅平均日增重随日粮能量水平增提高而增加，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
2)日粮能量水平对屠体指标有一定的影响。在0～21d阶段，随日粮能量水平的提高，屠体重和屠宰率相应增加，但半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率均差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在22～70d阶段，随日粮能量水平的提高，屠体重相应增加，但屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率、腿肌率均差异不显著(P＞0.05)。
3)在0～21d阶段，溆浦鹅体脂沉积随日粮能量水平的提高而增加，但不差异显著(P＞0.05)；在22～70d阶段，日粮能量水平为12.55 MJ／kg时，腹脂率、胸肌
含脂率、皮下脂肪厚度、肌间脂肪宽显著高于试验2组(12.55 MJ／kg)和试验3组(11.30 MJ／kg)。
4)在0～21d阶段，当饲喂12.55 MJ／kg能量水平的日粮时，甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇显著高于其它两组，但日粮能量对极低密度脂蛋白间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在22～70d阶段，当饲喂12.55 MJ／kg能量水平的日粮时，甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、极低密度脂蛋白与其它两组相比，差异显著(P＞0.05)，而高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇随日粮能量水平的提高而显著增加(P＜0.05)。
5)在0～70d阶段，日粮能量对溆浦鹅血清IGF-1无显著影响(P＞0.05)。在22～70阶段，试验1组(13.81MJ／kg)GH水平显著低于试验2组(12.55MJ／kg)和试验3组(11.30 MJ／kg)GH水平(P＜0.05)。
6)日粮能量对21d溆浦鹅MSTN基因的表达丰度差异不显著(P＞0.05)；日粮能量水平对于70d鹅MSTN基因的表达有显著影响。
The trial was determined for two periods from the age of 0 day to 70 days (0-21 days,22-70 days) to estimate the effect of Dietary Energy Levels on fat metabolism of XupuGeese before Overfeeding. 120 healthy Xupu geese (0 days old) were randomLy dividedinto 3 groups. With 4 replications in each group, each replication has 10 geese, theirweghts were similar as treatment groups. They were fed on diets with different energylevels(13.38MJ/kg, 12.13 MJ/kg, 10.87 MJ/kg) in the first stage, and then fed on dietswith different energy levels(13.81 MJ/kg, 12.55 MJ/kg, 11.30 MJ/kg) in the second stage.The result were as follow:
1) The weight of XuPu geese were significant increasing with impoving dietaryenergy levels during the phase of 0-21 days. Dietary energy levels can improve thegrowth and weight of goose, but the result was not notable. In the whole stage, the avergeweight of XuPu geese was increasing with improving dietary energy levels, but the resultwas not notable(P＞0.05).
2) Dietary energy levels could affect carcass characteristics. With improving dietaryenergy levels, carcass weight and the dressing percentage were accordingly increasing inthe first stage. But abdominal adipose contents, semi-eviscerated carcass weightpercentage, the eviscerated carcass weight percentage, the leg muscle percentage amongall the groups were not significant(P＞0.05). In the secong stage (22～70 days), carcassweight significantly increasing with raising dietary energy levels, but the dressingpercentage, the semi-eviscerated carcass weight percentage, the eviscerated carcassweight percentage, the leg muscle percentage among all the groups were notsignificantly(P＞0.05).
3) With improving dietary energy levels, body fat deposition was not significantlyincreasing(P＞0.05) during the stage of 0～21 days. The abdominal fat percentage, chessmuscle fat percentage, subcutaneous fat thickness, intermuscular fat width of the secondgroup were significantly higher than those of the first group and the third group.
4) TG, LDL and TCH of the second group were significantly higher than the othertwo groups during the stage of 0～21 days, but dietary energy levels were not affectsignificantly the level of VLDL(P＞0.05). During the stage of 22～70 days, TG., LDL,VLDL of the second group(12.55 MJ/kg) were significantly different with those of theother groups, but HDL and TCH were significantly increasing with raising dietary energylevels(P＜0.05).
5) Dietary energy levels didn't affect significantly serum IGF-1 level of XuPu geese in the whole trial stage(P＞0.05), but serum GH levels of the first group were significantlyhigher than the second group and the third group.
6) Dietary energy levels didn't affect significantly the expression of MSTN at the ageof 21 days(P＞0.05), but could affect significantly the expression of MSTN at the age of70 days(P＜0.05).
引文
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