脱硫石膏粉煤灰胶结材及新型砌块研究
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摘要
脱硫石膏粉煤灰胶结材是指以脱硫石膏和粉煤灰为基本组分的一种石膏基材料。石膏粉煤灰制品不仅具有很好的产品性能，而且工业废渣利用率可高达90％以上，是完全符合可持续发展的绿色材料。以半水石膏、粉煤灰为主要原材料的高精度、多功能石膏砌块是一种构造独特、性能优良的新型墙体材料。
本论文结合高精度、多功能砌块工业化生产、应用的需要，对半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材的材性、生产、应用进行了系统的研究和试验。通过对其浆体的工作性、硬化体的强度、体积变化试验以及长期性能观察，获得了符合工业化生产的性能稳定的配方和工艺参数；通过对高精度、多功能石膏粉煤灰砌块成型设备的改进和试生产以及制品的性能测试、工程应用，完成了核心设备的研制。
本论文的主要结论有：
1、半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材中粉煤灰的最佳掺量为25-30％，Ca(OH)_2的最大掺量是3％，熟料的最佳掺量是4％。
2、半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材中不宜使用含碱金属盐的外加剂。
3、70℃干热养护是半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材硬化体的最佳工业养护方式；半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材硬化体最适合干湿循环热养护。
4、半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材硬化体存在失水-膨胀现象，具有特殊的体积变化性能。
5、高精度、多功能石膏粉煤灰砌块具有良好的隔声、隔热性能。
本论文的主要创新点有：
1结合材料研究进行生产设备、生产线研制。
2提出并验证了对半水石膏-粉煤灰胶结材的水化进行合理设计和控制的原理。
FGD (flue gas desulphuration) gypsum-fly ash binder making up of FGD gypsum and fly ash mainly is one of the gypsum-based materials. As a green material,the gypsum-fly ash products not only fully use more than 90% of industrial by-products and waste material as raw materials,but also possess a lot of good properties. Multifunction & high-accuracy gypsum block is one of new types of wall materials made of hemihydrate gypsum and fly ash,and it has unique structure and outstanding performance.
This dissertation has done a systematic study and test of the material's properties,production and application of hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder,according to the demands of multifunction & high-accuracy gypsum block's industrial production and application. The reasonable technical parameter and mix proportion of block's production have been fixed by testing the slurry's workability,hardened paste's strength,volume change and long-term properties. Moreover,the research on the core equipment for multifunction & high-accuracy block production has been completed through the equipment's improvement and the product's Pilot-plant testing,properties testing and field testing.
The main findings and results of this dissertation are as follows:
1 In hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder,the optimal content of fly ash is 25-30% with maximum addition 3% by mass of Ca (OH) 2 and 4% by mass of cement clinker.
2 The additives containing alkalis oxide are not fit for hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder.
3 Hot curing in 70 C dry-air is the optimal industrial curing mode and the best curing mode is hot wet-dry cycle curing of hardened hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash paste.
4 Hardened hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash paste has a particular volume-change property:the paste's volume expands slightly instead of contracting in the early stage when drying after being saturated with water.
5 Multifunction & high-accuracy block possesses good properties of sound insulation and heat insulation.
The main innovations of this study are as follows:
1 The material's properties research is conducted together with the research on the
equipment and product line.
2 The principle and means of designing and controlling hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder's hydration have been found and approved by the author.
本论文结合高精度、多功能砌块工业化生产、应用的需要，对半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材的材性、生产、应用进行了系统的研究和试验。通过对其浆体的工作性、硬化体的强度、体积变化试验以及长期性能观察，获得了符合工业化生产的性能稳定的配方和工艺参数；通过对高精度、多功能石膏粉煤灰砌块成型设备的改进和试生产以及制品的性能测试、工程应用，完成了核心设备的研制。
本论文的主要结论有：
1、半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材中粉煤灰的最佳掺量为25-30％，Ca(OH)_2的最大掺量是3％，熟料的最佳掺量是4％。
2、半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材中不宜使用含碱金属盐的外加剂。
3、70℃干热养护是半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材硬化体的最佳工业养护方式；半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材硬化体最适合干湿循环热养护。
4、半水石膏粉煤灰胶结材硬化体存在失水-膨胀现象，具有特殊的体积变化性能。
5、高精度、多功能石膏粉煤灰砌块具有良好的隔声、隔热性能。
本论文的主要创新点有：
1结合材料研究进行生产设备、生产线研制。
2提出并验证了对半水石膏-粉煤灰胶结材的水化进行合理设计和控制的原理。
FGD (flue gas desulphuration) gypsum-fly ash binder making up of FGD gypsum and fly ash mainly is one of the gypsum-based materials. As a green material,the gypsum-fly ash products not only fully use more than 90% of industrial by-products and waste material as raw materials,but also possess a lot of good properties. Multifunction & high-accuracy gypsum block is one of new types of wall materials made of hemihydrate gypsum and fly ash,and it has unique structure and outstanding performance.
This dissertation has done a systematic study and test of the material's properties,production and application of hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder,according to the demands of multifunction & high-accuracy gypsum block's industrial production and application. The reasonable technical parameter and mix proportion of block's production have been fixed by testing the slurry's workability,hardened paste's strength,volume change and long-term properties. Moreover,the research on the core equipment for multifunction & high-accuracy block production has been completed through the equipment's improvement and the product's Pilot-plant testing,properties testing and field testing.
The main findings and results of this dissertation are as follows:
1 In hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder,the optimal content of fly ash is 25-30% with maximum addition 3% by mass of Ca (OH) 2 and 4% by mass of cement clinker.
2 The additives containing alkalis oxide are not fit for hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder.
3 Hot curing in 70 C dry-air is the optimal industrial curing mode and the best curing mode is hot wet-dry cycle curing of hardened hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash paste.
4 Hardened hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash paste has a particular volume-change property:the paste's volume expands slightly instead of contracting in the early stage when drying after being saturated with water.
5 Multifunction & high-accuracy block possesses good properties of sound insulation and heat insulation.
The main innovations of this study are as follows:
1 The material's properties research is conducted together with the research on the
equipment and product line.
2 The principle and means of designing and controlling hemihydrate gypsum-fly ash binder's hydration have been found and approved by the author.
引文
[1] J.Stark etc, the history of gypsum and gypsum plaster, ZKG international, 1999(10), p527-533
[2] 彭志辉，磷石膏中杂质影响机理及其建材资源化研究，[博士学位论文]，重庆建筑大学，2000，p1
[3] 彭志辉，磷石膏中杂质影响机理及其建材资源化研究，[博士学位论文]，重庆建筑大学，2000，p2
[4] 谭月华，发展石膏建材，促进墙体改革，上海建材，2002(3)，p35-37
[5] 袁润章，胶凝材料学，中国建筑工业出版社，1979，p11
[6] 王振海，廉价的石膏资源，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p212-217
[7] 胡建民，大力开展烟气脱硫石膏的综合利用，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p246-248
[8] R.Olejnik, modern application of gypsum products, ZKG international, 1999 (12),p649-653
[9] 卫生，烟气脱硫石膏性能及其在建材工业中综合利用的研究，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p226-235
[10] 赵平等，我国烟气脱硫石膏行业现状及其在水泥工业中的应用途径探讨，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p236-245
[11] H.-J.Engert etc, the new gypsum binder alpha 2000-production technology and products, ZKG international, 1998(4),p229-237
[12] 丛钢，脱硫石膏性能研究，新型建筑材料，1997(12)，p10-12
[13] T.Mallon, FGD gypsum technical aspects of a secondary raw material, part 1,ZKG international, 1998(4),p220-228
[14] T.Mallon, FGD gypsum technical aspects of a secondary raw material, part 2,ZKG international, 1998(5),p272-278
[15] 龙源电力环保技术开发公司，重庆发电厂利用脱硫石膏生产建筑石膏砌块工程可行性研究报告，检索号：t-021k
[16] 林方辉等，脱硫石膏粉煤灰胶结材的研究，新型建筑材料，1994(3)，p18-22
[17] 彭志辉等，脱硫石膏粉煤灰砌块研制，重庆建筑大学学报，1999(2)，p42-45
[18] 林方辉等，以粉煤灰为改性组分的石膏粉煤灰胶结材研究，粉煤综合利用，1997(3)，p27-32
[19] 林方辉等，脱硫石膏粉煤灰胶结材水化、硬化机理及耐久性研究，硅酸盐学报，1995
(4)，p219-222
[20] 彭家惠等，DGF胶结材耐水性研究，重庆建筑大学学报，1997(1)，p8-13
[21] 陈燕，论石膏建材在我国应占有的地位，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p6-14
[22] 向才旺，中国石膏工业，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p1-5
[23] 《石膏砌块》行业标准编制说明，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p356-362
[24] M.Muller etc, rheological characterization of machine-applied plasters, ZKG international, 1999(5), p252-258
[25] E.W. Hollinderbaumer etc, the rheology of building materials, ZKG international, 2002(2), p114-120
[26] I.Odler, Relationships between pore structure and strength of set gypsum pastes (Part Ⅱ: influence of chemical admixtures), Z-K-G international, No(8), 1989, p419—424
[27] Th.Koslowski The effect of admixtures in the production and application of building plasters, Z-K-G international, No(5), 1999 p274-286
[28] H.Reul, the action of iminodisuccinate as a retarder for machine-applied gypsum plasters, ZKG international, 1999(9), p522-526
[29] O.Henning, moisture-induced change in gypsum building material, ZKG international, 1999(3),p154-159
[30] 李国栋，结构因素对粉煤灰活性激发的影响，粉煤灰综合利用，1998(4)，p3-7
[31] 李季青，劣质粉煤灰的改性激活及高强度粉煤灰砌块的研究，粉煤灰综合利用，2000(2)，p1-5
[32] 兰海译，用热电厂的粉煤灰和烟气脱硫石膏生产预制建筑构件，浙江建材，1998(2)，p29-33
[33] M.Oetzel etc, influence of ambient moisture and temperature on the phase transition in the CaSO_4-H_2O system, ZKG international, 2000(6), p354-361
[34] H.Sattler etc, change in volume and density during the hydration of gypsum binder as a function of the quantity of water available, ZKG international, 2001(9), p522-529
[35] C.Muller etc, characteristic mechanical and moisture values and shrinkage behavior of calcium sulphate screeds, ZKG international, 1999(5), p240-251
[36] 吴慧敏等，建筑材料，第四版，中国建筑工业出版社，1997(6)，p78
[37] 袁润章，胶凝材料学，中国建筑工业出版社，1979，p20
[38] S.A.Abo-El-Enein etc, hydration characteristics of mixtures of by-pass dust and slag, ZKG international, 2001(3), p158-161
[39] 何秉煌，石膏砌块特征和建筑物理性能，新型建筑材料，1998(1)，p25-28
[40] 徐玲玲等，机械活化粉煤灰的颗粒分布和活性研究，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学
会议论文集，p3-6
[41] 彭家惠，钙矾石形成和转变的研究，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p150-155
[42] 张彩文，养护温度对阿利特硫铝酸盐水泥硬化体中二次钙矾石形成的影响，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p125-135
[43] 李东旭等，低钙粉煤灰结构稳定性研究，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p98-104
[44] 唐明等，粉煤灰颗粒群级配分形特征与活性，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p474-478
[45] H.Sattler, the importance of porosity for the properties of hardened gypsum plaster products, ZKG international, 1997(1), p54-62
[46] 张文生，粉煤灰与水泥共同水化硬化的基础研究进展及评述，硅酸盐学报，2000(4)，p160-164
[47] J.Riedmiller etc, quantification of calcium sulphate hydrates with X-ray diffractometry using the rietveld analysis, ZKG international, 1998(8), p452-459
[48] Y.Maltais etc, influence of curing temperature on cement hydration and mechanical strength development of fly ash mortars, CCR, 1997(7), p1009-1020
[49] von D. Israel, investigations into the relationship between the degree of hydration,flexural tensile strength and microstructure of setting anhydrite, ZKG international, 1996(4) p228-234
[50] 钱觉时等，粉煤灰的矿物组成(下)，粉煤灰综合利用，2001(4)，p24-41
[51] 凌晓辉，石膏气卡、生产装备及应用技术-综述部分，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p37-43
[52] 杨南如，碱胶凝材料形成的物理化学基础(Ⅰ)，硅酸盐学报，Vol．24，No．2，1996，p209-215
[53] 杨南如，碱胶凝材料形成的物理化学基础(Ⅱ)，硅酸盐学报，Vol．24，No．4，1996，p459-465
[2] 彭志辉，磷石膏中杂质影响机理及其建材资源化研究，[博士学位论文]，重庆建筑大学，2000，p1
[3] 彭志辉，磷石膏中杂质影响机理及其建材资源化研究，[博士学位论文]，重庆建筑大学，2000，p2
[4] 谭月华，发展石膏建材，促进墙体改革，上海建材，2002(3)，p35-37
[5] 袁润章，胶凝材料学，中国建筑工业出版社，1979，p11
[6] 王振海，廉价的石膏资源，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p212-217
[7] 胡建民，大力开展烟气脱硫石膏的综合利用，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p246-248
[8] R.Olejnik, modern application of gypsum products, ZKG international, 1999 (12),p649-653
[9] 卫生，烟气脱硫石膏性能及其在建材工业中综合利用的研究，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p226-235
[10] 赵平等，我国烟气脱硫石膏行业现状及其在水泥工业中的应用途径探讨，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p236-245
[11] H.-J.Engert etc, the new gypsum binder alpha 2000-production technology and products, ZKG international, 1998(4),p229-237
[12] 丛钢，脱硫石膏性能研究，新型建筑材料，1997(12)，p10-12
[13] T.Mallon, FGD gypsum technical aspects of a secondary raw material, part 1,ZKG international, 1998(4),p220-228
[14] T.Mallon, FGD gypsum technical aspects of a secondary raw material, part 2,ZKG international, 1998(5),p272-278
[15] 龙源电力环保技术开发公司，重庆发电厂利用脱硫石膏生产建筑石膏砌块工程可行性研究报告，检索号：t-021k
[16] 林方辉等，脱硫石膏粉煤灰胶结材的研究，新型建筑材料，1994(3)，p18-22
[17] 彭志辉等，脱硫石膏粉煤灰砌块研制，重庆建筑大学学报，1999(2)，p42-45
[18] 林方辉等，以粉煤灰为改性组分的石膏粉煤灰胶结材研究，粉煤综合利用，1997(3)，p27-32
[19] 林方辉等，脱硫石膏粉煤灰胶结材水化、硬化机理及耐久性研究，硅酸盐学报，1995
(4)，p219-222
[20] 彭家惠等，DGF胶结材耐水性研究，重庆建筑大学学报，1997(1)，p8-13
[21] 陈燕，论石膏建材在我国应占有的地位，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p6-14
[22] 向才旺，中国石膏工业，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p1-5
[23] 《石膏砌块》行业标准编制说明，1999年石膏年会，石膏与石膏制品文集，p356-362
[24] M.Muller etc, rheological characterization of machine-applied plasters, ZKG international, 1999(5), p252-258
[25] E.W. Hollinderbaumer etc, the rheology of building materials, ZKG international, 2002(2), p114-120
[26] I.Odler, Relationships between pore structure and strength of set gypsum pastes (Part Ⅱ: influence of chemical admixtures), Z-K-G international, No(8), 1989, p419—424
[27] Th.Koslowski The effect of admixtures in the production and application of building plasters, Z-K-G international, No(5), 1999 p274-286
[28] H.Reul, the action of iminodisuccinate as a retarder for machine-applied gypsum plasters, ZKG international, 1999(9), p522-526
[29] O.Henning, moisture-induced change in gypsum building material, ZKG international, 1999(3),p154-159
[30] 李国栋，结构因素对粉煤灰活性激发的影响，粉煤灰综合利用，1998(4)，p3-7
[31] 李季青，劣质粉煤灰的改性激活及高强度粉煤灰砌块的研究，粉煤灰综合利用，2000(2)，p1-5
[32] 兰海译，用热电厂的粉煤灰和烟气脱硫石膏生产预制建筑构件，浙江建材，1998(2)，p29-33
[33] M.Oetzel etc, influence of ambient moisture and temperature on the phase transition in the CaSO_4-H_2O system, ZKG international, 2000(6), p354-361
[34] H.Sattler etc, change in volume and density during the hydration of gypsum binder as a function of the quantity of water available, ZKG international, 2001(9), p522-529
[35] C.Muller etc, characteristic mechanical and moisture values and shrinkage behavior of calcium sulphate screeds, ZKG international, 1999(5), p240-251
[36] 吴慧敏等，建筑材料，第四版，中国建筑工业出版社，1997(6)，p78
[37] 袁润章，胶凝材料学，中国建筑工业出版社，1979，p20
[38] S.A.Abo-El-Enein etc, hydration characteristics of mixtures of by-pass dust and slag, ZKG international, 2001(3), p158-161
[39] 何秉煌，石膏砌块特征和建筑物理性能，新型建筑材料，1998(1)，p25-28
[40] 徐玲玲等，机械活化粉煤灰的颗粒分布和活性研究，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学
会议论文集，p3-6
[41] 彭家惠，钙矾石形成和转变的研究，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p150-155
[42] 张彩文，养护温度对阿利特硫铝酸盐水泥硬化体中二次钙矾石形成的影响，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p125-135
[43] 李东旭等，低钙粉煤灰结构稳定性研究，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p98-104
[44] 唐明等，粉煤灰颗粒群级配分形特征与活性，中国硅酸盐学会第八届水泥化学会议论文集，p474-478
[45] H.Sattler, the importance of porosity for the properties of hardened gypsum plaster products, ZKG international, 1997(1), p54-62
[46] 张文生，粉煤灰与水泥共同水化硬化的基础研究进展及评述，硅酸盐学报，2000(4)，p160-164
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