播种方式和追肥时期对黑龙江省冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产质量的影响
|
摘要
东农冬麦1号品种的成功育出打破了黑龙江越冬性作物不能生存的历史,改写了黑龙江省传统的一年一熟的种植制度。但黑龙江冬小麦冬后田间管理与营养调控作为获得高产的栽培基础研究尚显得不足。因此,本论文重点研究了两种主要的播种方式和不同追肥时期的运筹对冬小麦生育后期旗叶光合特性的影响。试验于2009-2010年度,在东北农业大学香坊农场进行,设两种播种方式:垄沟播种(A),平播播种(B):三种追肥处理,返青追施尿素150 kg/hm2(T1)、拔节期追施尿素150 kg/hm2(T2)、返青期和拔节期各追施尿素75 kg/hm2(T3)、对照处理不追肥(T0),旨在探讨提高氮素利用率,增加籽粒产量的途径,为黑龙江冬小麦高产栽培管理提供理论依据,使耕作制度由一年一熟转变成为两年三熟的耕作模式,提高土地利用效率,最终为黑龙江省冬麦的高产优质栽培提供理论依据。相关研究表明:
1.不同播种方式下,在拔节期追施氮肥增强了旗叶的光合能力
在两种播种方式下,不同处理的旗叶叶面积呈先增高后降低趋势变化,于旗叶完全展开后14d达到最大,在两种播种方式下,T2处理使得冬小麦灌浆中后期旗叶Chl(a+b)的含量较其他处理高,光合速率表现出与叶绿素含量一样的规律。垄播方式下T2处理和平播方式下T3处理的小麦旗叶Chla/Chlb值在灌浆初期高于其他处理,随着生育进程的推进,又显著低于其他处理,这表明施氮有利于促进Chlb合成,能减缓Chlb随生育进程的降解速率。
不同播种方式及追肥处理之间对光合的促进作用存在差异,适宜的播种方式及追肥时期一方面提高了光能转换效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性,另一方面抑制了光能的非光化学耗散,垄播条件下的Fv/Fo值显著高于平播,在两种播种方式下,不同处理的Fv/Fm值都表现为T2最高,这表明在拔节期追施氮肥,有利于提高冬小麦旗叶的Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值。小麦旗叶的Yield值于花后14d达到最大,各处理均照对较有不同程度的提高。小麦旗叶的qP值总体表现为垄播方式显著高于平播,在垄播条件下,除花后0d和28d外,T2的qP值都显著高于其它处理,在平播条件下,T3与T2的qP值差异不显著,总体上高于T0和T1处理。在两种播种方式下各处理间在生育后期的qN值表现为花后0-28d时,T0>T1>T3>T2, 28d之后,则表现为T2显著高于其它处理,这表明在拔节期追施氮肥能延长小麦旗叶的生育期,从而在灌浆后期可有效减少非辐射能量耗散,有助于PSⅡ把所捕获的光能更充分地用于光合作用。
2.拔节期追肥提高产量和改善品质效果显著
不同追肥时期对籽粒产量影响差异明显,以拔节期追肥处理较为显著:拔节期一次施肥沟播处理与平播处理分别比各自对照提高27.8%、39.7%,返青期施肥分别比各自对照提高21.4%、21.1%,返青期与拔节期分施分别比各自对照提高27.7%、26.7%;蛋白质及组分含量、蛋白质质量、沉降值、湿面筋、容重均在拔节期施肥处理下表现出最好效果;籽粒淀粉受氮素影响较小。
3.部分光合指标与产量存在相关性
冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo在灌浆中期与产量出现显著正相关; Chl(a+b)与产量显著正相关,在中期和末期达到极显著水平;Pn与产量在灌浆初期显著正相关性,在中后期达到极显著水平;qP与产量在灌浆初期和后期达到极显著水平; qN与产量呈现负相关性,并在灌浆初期和中期达到极显著水平。这表明改善旗叶的光合能力有助于产量的建成,不同光合指标对产量的影响时期不同。
4.籽粒部分品质指标间存在相关关系
籽粒蛋白质含量与籽粒蛋白组分含量、蛋白质产量、沉降值、湿面筋含量、容重,且呈显著正相关关系,且达到极显著相关水平,是冬麦籽粒品质的核心,提高籽粒蛋白含量是改善籽粒品质的基础。
5.采用垄沟播种方式籽粒产量和品质明显高于传统平作方式
在只考虑播种方式对冬麦产量的影响下,垄沟播种比平播产量提高5.8%;在播种方式与追肥时期共同作用下,得出采用垄沟播种在拔节期一次性追施氮肥150 kg/ hm2产量可达到最高,比平播处理在拔节期一次性追施氮肥理产量提高14%,为最优组合;在品质改善方面,垄沟播种各处理下籽粒品质部分指标与传统平播处理相比有不同程度的提高,其中沉降值提高2.03%、淀粉含量提高0.79%,提高程度以拔节期追施适量氮肥处理最为明显。
The successful No.1 winter wheat cultiver from NEAU species makes through the history of inexistence of Heilongjiang crop can grow in the winter, change the traditional planting system and solve some of spring wheat planting problems. However, the research of obtaining higher productivity by field management and nutrition control of Heilongjiang winter wheat after winter is not explored much. Therefore, the case mainly studies two kinds of planting methods with different kinds of fertilizer periods by which brings different effects on winter wheat’s flag photosynthetic characteristics after planting. This case was conducted by two kinds of planting methods, including ridge sowing method and parallel seeding method, and three kinds of fertilizer treatments consists of using urea 150 when reviving (T1), nitrogen fertilizer 150 kg/hm2 during jointing stage (T2), nitrogen fertilizer 75 kg/hm2 during reviving and jointing stage (T3) and comparative none fertilizer treatment (T0) in Xiangfang farm of Northeast Agricultural University. Through this study the author attempts to improve the nitrogen utilizing rate, increase methods of the productivity of seeds size, and provide theoretical basis for high productivity and planting management of Heilongjiang winter wheat. The results of study showing:
1. Under different sowing methods, nitrogen fertilizer increasing flag’s photosynthetic ability during jointing stage.
Under two kinds of sowing methods with different treatments, the area of flag showing the trend from increase to decrease, when the Chl(a+b) totally open to its biggest (14d), under these two methods, T2 treatment can make the content of Chl(a+b) higher than others during the post grouting period of winter wheat, and the regular pattern of photosynthetic rate is the same as chlorophyll contents. Under ridge sowing method with T2 treatment and Pingbo sowing method with T3 treatment the wheat’s Chla/Chlb quota higher than others during early period of grouting, but as its growing, the quota is lower than others, which means nitrogen fertilizer promotes the synthesis of Chlb and slow down degrading rate of Chlb’s growth process.
2 Topdressing during jointing stage can significantly improve quality and yield.
Different topdressing stages yield significantly different effects on seeds size, especially typical to the jointing stage topdressing treatment: a fertilizer to ridge sowing and Pingbo sowing during the jointing stage compared with respective control increased 27.8%, 39.7% and reviving of fertilization respectively, compared with respective control increased 21.4% , 21.1%, reviving stage and jointing points respectively, compared with respective control facilities increased 27.7%, 26.7%; protein and component content, protein quality, sedimentation, wet gluten content, bulk density of both fertilization treatments in the jointing stage showing a best results ; less affected by nitrogen.
3 Parts photosynthetic quota and productivity have internal relationships.
The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv / Fo of winter wheat’s Chl(a+b) in the middle filling stage and its yield have significant positive correlation; Chl (a + b) and yield have a significant positive correlation, in the interim and final period reach a significant level; Pn and yield in the early filling stage was showing a significant positive correlation; qP and yield during the early and late period of filling have a significant level; qN has a negative correlation with yield, and in the early and mid period of filling showing a very significant level. This indicates that changing the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves can improve the yield, and different photosynthetic parameters make different effects on the yield.
4 Parts of seeds size quota existing relationships.
Seed’s protein content and its protein fractions, protein yield, sedimentation value, wet gluten content and bulk density were showing a significant positive correlation and to a significant level, all of those are the core of winter wheat. Increasing grain protein content is the basis of improving its quality.
5 The productivity and quality of seeds size planted by ridge sowing method are higher than traditional planting method.
Only consider the planting way to the yield of winter wheat, compared with flat sowing, the productivity by the ridge sowing can increase by 5.8%. Under the influence of both sowing methods and topdressing period we can know that the productivity by ridge sowing with nitrogen fertilizer can reach the highest compared with flat sowing during the jointing stage, increased by 14% comparing with flat sowing with nitrogen fertilizer, which is the best way. At the aspect of improving its quality, we can know that ridge sowing is better than the traditional flat sowing, especially significant during jointing period with nitrogen fertilizer.
1.不同播种方式下,在拔节期追施氮肥增强了旗叶的光合能力
在两种播种方式下,不同处理的旗叶叶面积呈先增高后降低趋势变化,于旗叶完全展开后14d达到最大,在两种播种方式下,T2处理使得冬小麦灌浆中后期旗叶Chl(a+b)的含量较其他处理高,光合速率表现出与叶绿素含量一样的规律。垄播方式下T2处理和平播方式下T3处理的小麦旗叶Chla/Chlb值在灌浆初期高于其他处理,随着生育进程的推进,又显著低于其他处理,这表明施氮有利于促进Chlb合成,能减缓Chlb随生育进程的降解速率。
不同播种方式及追肥处理之间对光合的促进作用存在差异,适宜的播种方式及追肥时期一方面提高了光能转换效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性,另一方面抑制了光能的非光化学耗散,垄播条件下的Fv/Fo值显著高于平播,在两种播种方式下,不同处理的Fv/Fm值都表现为T2最高,这表明在拔节期追施氮肥,有利于提高冬小麦旗叶的Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo值。小麦旗叶的Yield值于花后14d达到最大,各处理均照对较有不同程度的提高。小麦旗叶的qP值总体表现为垄播方式显著高于平播,在垄播条件下,除花后0d和28d外,T2的qP值都显著高于其它处理,在平播条件下,T3与T2的qP值差异不显著,总体上高于T0和T1处理。在两种播种方式下各处理间在生育后期的qN值表现为花后0-28d时,T0>T1>T3>T2, 28d之后,则表现为T2显著高于其它处理,这表明在拔节期追施氮肥能延长小麦旗叶的生育期,从而在灌浆后期可有效减少非辐射能量耗散,有助于PSⅡ把所捕获的光能更充分地用于光合作用。
2.拔节期追肥提高产量和改善品质效果显著
不同追肥时期对籽粒产量影响差异明显,以拔节期追肥处理较为显著:拔节期一次施肥沟播处理与平播处理分别比各自对照提高27.8%、39.7%,返青期施肥分别比各自对照提高21.4%、21.1%,返青期与拔节期分施分别比各自对照提高27.7%、26.7%;蛋白质及组分含量、蛋白质质量、沉降值、湿面筋、容重均在拔节期施肥处理下表现出最好效果;籽粒淀粉受氮素影响较小。
3.部分光合指标与产量存在相关性
冬小麦旗叶叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fo在灌浆中期与产量出现显著正相关; Chl(a+b)与产量显著正相关,在中期和末期达到极显著水平;Pn与产量在灌浆初期显著正相关性,在中后期达到极显著水平;qP与产量在灌浆初期和后期达到极显著水平; qN与产量呈现负相关性,并在灌浆初期和中期达到极显著水平。这表明改善旗叶的光合能力有助于产量的建成,不同光合指标对产量的影响时期不同。
4.籽粒部分品质指标间存在相关关系
籽粒蛋白质含量与籽粒蛋白组分含量、蛋白质产量、沉降值、湿面筋含量、容重,且呈显著正相关关系,且达到极显著相关水平,是冬麦籽粒品质的核心,提高籽粒蛋白含量是改善籽粒品质的基础。
5.采用垄沟播种方式籽粒产量和品质明显高于传统平作方式
在只考虑播种方式对冬麦产量的影响下,垄沟播种比平播产量提高5.8%;在播种方式与追肥时期共同作用下,得出采用垄沟播种在拔节期一次性追施氮肥150 kg/ hm2产量可达到最高,比平播处理在拔节期一次性追施氮肥理产量提高14%,为最优组合;在品质改善方面,垄沟播种各处理下籽粒品质部分指标与传统平播处理相比有不同程度的提高,其中沉降值提高2.03%、淀粉含量提高0.79%,提高程度以拔节期追施适量氮肥处理最为明显。
The successful No.1 winter wheat cultiver from NEAU species makes through the history of inexistence of Heilongjiang crop can grow in the winter, change the traditional planting system and solve some of spring wheat planting problems. However, the research of obtaining higher productivity by field management and nutrition control of Heilongjiang winter wheat after winter is not explored much. Therefore, the case mainly studies two kinds of planting methods with different kinds of fertilizer periods by which brings different effects on winter wheat’s flag photosynthetic characteristics after planting. This case was conducted by two kinds of planting methods, including ridge sowing method and parallel seeding method, and three kinds of fertilizer treatments consists of using urea 150 when reviving (T1), nitrogen fertilizer 150 kg/hm2 during jointing stage (T2), nitrogen fertilizer 75 kg/hm2 during reviving and jointing stage (T3) and comparative none fertilizer treatment (T0) in Xiangfang farm of Northeast Agricultural University. Through this study the author attempts to improve the nitrogen utilizing rate, increase methods of the productivity of seeds size, and provide theoretical basis for high productivity and planting management of Heilongjiang winter wheat. The results of study showing:
1. Under different sowing methods, nitrogen fertilizer increasing flag’s photosynthetic ability during jointing stage.
Under two kinds of sowing methods with different treatments, the area of flag showing the trend from increase to decrease, when the Chl(a+b) totally open to its biggest (14d), under these two methods, T2 treatment can make the content of Chl(a+b) higher than others during the post grouting period of winter wheat, and the regular pattern of photosynthetic rate is the same as chlorophyll contents. Under ridge sowing method with T2 treatment and Pingbo sowing method with T3 treatment the wheat’s Chla/Chlb quota higher than others during early period of grouting, but as its growing, the quota is lower than others, which means nitrogen fertilizer promotes the synthesis of Chlb and slow down degrading rate of Chlb’s growth process.
2 Topdressing during jointing stage can significantly improve quality and yield.
Different topdressing stages yield significantly different effects on seeds size, especially typical to the jointing stage topdressing treatment: a fertilizer to ridge sowing and Pingbo sowing during the jointing stage compared with respective control increased 27.8%, 39.7% and reviving of fertilization respectively, compared with respective control increased 21.4% , 21.1%, reviving stage and jointing points respectively, compared with respective control facilities increased 27.7%, 26.7%; protein and component content, protein quality, sedimentation, wet gluten content, bulk density of both fertilization treatments in the jointing stage showing a best results ; less affected by nitrogen.
3 Parts photosynthetic quota and productivity have internal relationships.
The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv / Fo of winter wheat’s Chl(a+b) in the middle filling stage and its yield have significant positive correlation; Chl (a + b) and yield have a significant positive correlation, in the interim and final period reach a significant level; Pn and yield in the early filling stage was showing a significant positive correlation; qP and yield during the early and late period of filling have a significant level; qN has a negative correlation with yield, and in the early and mid period of filling showing a very significant level. This indicates that changing the photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves can improve the yield, and different photosynthetic parameters make different effects on the yield.
4 Parts of seeds size quota existing relationships.
Seed’s protein content and its protein fractions, protein yield, sedimentation value, wet gluten content and bulk density were showing a significant positive correlation and to a significant level, all of those are the core of winter wheat. Increasing grain protein content is the basis of improving its quality.
5 The productivity and quality of seeds size planted by ridge sowing method are higher than traditional planting method.
Only consider the planting way to the yield of winter wheat, compared with flat sowing, the productivity by the ridge sowing can increase by 5.8%. Under the influence of both sowing methods and topdressing period we can know that the productivity by ridge sowing with nitrogen fertilizer can reach the highest compared with flat sowing during the jointing stage, increased by 14% comparing with flat sowing with nitrogen fertilizer, which is the best way. At the aspect of improving its quality, we can know that ridge sowing is better than the traditional flat sowing, especially significant during jointing period with nitrogen fertilizer.
引文
蔡大同,王义炳,茆泽圣等. 1994.不同生态条件下播期和氮肥对优质小麦产量和品质性状的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,(1):74～82.
曹翠玲,李生秀.2003.施氮水平对小麦生殖生长时期旗叶净光合速率、NR活性和核酸含量及产量的影响.植物学通报,20(3):319~324.
曹乃军.2005.小麦垄作机械化栽培技术.农机科技推广, (2):36.
崔光辉等.1997.水稻垄作稻一菇一鱼立体共生复合群体结构模式的研究.现代化农业, (2):7～8.
戴德.1999.高寒山区冷浸田水稻半旱式免耕羊作技术德增产机理.农业科技通讯, (8):26～27.
党占海,张俊儒.2004.啤酒大麦垄畦沟灌竹水栽培技术研究初报.大麦科学, (2):25～28.
董彩霞,赵世杰,田纪春等.2002.不同浓度的硝酸盐对高蛋白小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响.作物学报,28(1):59～64.
高明,车福才,魏朝富等. !998.垄作免耕稻田水稻根系生长状况的研究.土壤通报,29(5):236～238.
高明,张磊,魏朝富等.2004.稻田长期垄作免耕对水稻产量及土壤肥力德影响研究.植物营养与肥料学报,10(4):343一345,354.
高明,周保同,魏朝富等.2004.不同耕作方式对稻田土壤动物、微生物及酶活性的影响研究.应用生态学报,15(7):1177～1181.
高翔,董剑,庞红喜.2002.小麦高产品种籽料灌浆与粒重的关系.西北农业学报,11(3):33～35.
葛江丽,石雷.2007.盐胁迫条件下甜高粱幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节.作物学报,33(8):1272～1278.
郭传贵,陈先荣.2002.小麦追肥时期对其产量性状的影响.安徽农业科学,30(2):267-268.
郭天财,冯伟,赵会杰等.2004.两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应.作物学报,30(2): 115～121.
郭天财,贺德先,王志和.1995.小麦穗粒重研究进展.小麦穗粒重研究.北京:中国农业出版社,1～15.
郭天财,王之杰,胡廷积.2001.不同穗型小麦品种群体光合特性及产量性状的研究.作物学报,27(5):633～639.
郭天财,王之杰,王永华.2002.不同穗型小麦品种旗叶光合作用日变化的研究.西北植物学报,22(3):554～560.
郭天财,岳艳军等.2007.追氮时期对冬小麦籽粒灌浆及淀粉特性的影响.麦类作物学报,27(5):836-840.
郭文善,严六零,封超年等.1995.小麦源库协调栽培途径的研究.江苏农学院学报,16(1):33～37.
贺明荣,杨雯玉,王晓英等.2005.不同氮肥运筹模式对冬小麦籽粒产量品质和氮肥利用率的影响.作物学报,31(8):1047～1051.
黄昌勇.2000.土壤学.北京:农业出版社.
黄庆裕. l995.水稻垄作栽培的关键技术及其效应分析.厂西农业科学,(4):!51～152.
惠红霞,许兴,李前荣.2003.外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下枸杞光合功能的改善.西北植物学报, 23(12):2 137～2 422.
姜丽娜,邵云,金毓翠等.2002.氮肥施用时期与比例对超高产冬小麦干物质积累及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,22(2):70~73.
金德星.2004.水稻垄作栽培技术的应用效果.垦殖与稻作,(6):23～24. 金善宝主编.1994.中国小麦学,北京:中国农业出版社.
康国章,王永华,郭天财,朱云集. 2003.氮素施用对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.作物学报,29(1):82～-86.
康国章,郭天财,朱云集等.2000.不同生育时期追氮对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.河南农业大学学报,34(2):103～106.
李鸿恩.1992.中国小麦种质资源主要品质鉴定.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,23.
李珊珊,赵广才,常旭虹等.2008追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及其相关生理指标的影响.麦类作物学报,28(3):461～465.
李霞,刘友良,焦德茂.2002.不同高产水稻品种叶片的荧光参数的日变化和光适应特性的关系.作物学报,28(2):145～153.
李友军,付国占,史国安,郭香凤,郭天财.1997.前氮后移施肥对冬小麦旗叶活性氧代谢和子粒产量的影响.河南农业大学学报,31(3):221～225.
李跃伟,孙慕芳.2005.小麦垄作栽培技术.河南农业,(7): 23.
梁新华,许兴,徐兆桢等.2001.干旱对春小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光动力学特征及产量关系的影响.干旱地区农业研究,19(3):72～77.
林世青,许春辉,张其德等.1992.叶绿素荧光动力学在植物抗逆性生理学、生态学和农业现代化中的应用.植物学通报,9(1):1～16.
林素兰.1997.环境条件及栽培技术对小麦品质的影响.辽宁农业科学,(2):30～31.
刘广田,许明辉.1990.小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基的遗传研究II,控制基因的染色体定位及其与SDS沉淀值的关系.北京农业大学学报,16(1):27～31.
刘建松.2002.水稻垄作栽培应用效果研究.中国农学通报,18(6):16～17.
刘目兴,王静爱,严平等. 2005.垄作对旱作农田油菜生长发与的影响研究.干早地区农业研究,23(5):l～6.
刘淑贞,曹广才.1989.冬型小麦品种开花至成熟的气候条件对籽粒蛋白质含量影响.耕作与栽培, (6):60～62.
刘晓冰,王光华,杨恕平等.1998.不同施肥水平对春小麦籽粒淀粉、蛋白质积累的影响.农业现代化研究,19(3):187～189.
刘阳,李吾强,温晓霞,廖允成.2008.玉米秸秆还田对接茬冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响.西北农业学报,17(2):80～85.
刘振亚,刘贞奇.1993.作物光合作用的遗传及其在育种中的应用研究进展.作物育种研究与进展(第1集).北京;北京农业出版社,168～183.
卢庆陶,李卫华,蒋高明等.2001.Studies on the Characteristics of Chlorophyll fluo Rescence of Winter Wheat Flag Leaves at Different Developing Stages,植物学报,43(8):801～804.
马东辉,王月福,周华等.2007.氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦干物质积累、运转及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,27(5):847～851.
苗艳芳,常爱芬.1999.氮肥分配比例对小麦产量及群体质量的影响.麦类作物学报,19(4):43～45.
牛立元,茹振钢.1999.小麦叶片叶绿素含量系统变化规律研究.麦类作物学报,19(2):36～38.
潘洁,姜东,曹卫星等.2005.小麦穗籽粒数、单粒重及单粒蛋白质含量的小穗位和粒位效应.作物学报,31(4):431～437.
潘庆民,于振文,田奇卓,王月福,刘万兴,王瑞英.1998.追氮时期对超高产冬小麦旗叶和根系麦系的影响.作物学报,24(6):924～929.
潘庆民,于振文,王月福,余松烈.2002.追氮时期对小麦旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解的影响.中国农业科学,35(7):771～776.
潘庆民,于振文.2002.追氮时期对冬小麦籽粒品质和产量的影响麦类作物学报,22(2):65～69.
彭永欣,姜学中,郭文善等. 1992.氮素营养对小麦籽粒产量与品质调控效应的研究.小麦栽培与生理.东南大学出版社,127～144.
茜大彬,张贵民.1989.肥水条件对小麦加工品质效应的研究.华北农学报,4(1):35～40.
秦武发,董永华.张彩英等.1996.开花后喷施植物生长调节物质对小麦籽粒千粒重、蛋白质含量和沉降值的影响.植物生理学通讯,32(2):124～125.
邱林静.2007.旱地不同栽培模式和施肥方法对小麦光合产物积累运转的影响.土壤通报,38(3)5:13~518
任德昌,王法宏,王旭清等.2000.冬小麦垄作高产栽培技术增产效应及增产机理.耕作与栽培,5:10～11.
上官周平.1997.小麦叶片光合作用对不同干旱方式的反应.西北农业学报,6(4):38～41.
尚兴甲,王梅芳,张兰稳等.2003.冬小麦不同时期追施尿素的效果.核农学报,17(6):485～487.
邵立刚.2006.黑龙江省小麦的生产现状及发展策略.黑龙江农业科学,(2):18～19.
申丽霞,王璞.2003.氮素供应对优质专用小麦产量和品质的影响.作物杂志,3:24～26.
宋任祥,钱兆国,王鑫等.2003.追氮运筹对优质小麦光合速率及产量的影响.安徽农业科学,31(1):135～136.
苏珮,蒋纪云,王春虎.1993.小麦蛋白组分的连续提取分离法及提取时间的选择.河南职技师院学报,21(2):1～4.
孙建昌,袁汉民,陈东升等.2005.宁夏引黄灌区垄作条件下冬小麦相关性变化研究.宁夏农林科技, (5):3～5.
孙羲. 1995.植物营养原理.中国农业出版社,1～13.
台沐云.2003.小麦机械垄作栽培技术.中国农技推广,(3):52～53.
田纪春,陈建省,王延训,张永祥.2001.氮素追肥后移对小麦籽粒产量和旗叶光合特性的影响.中国农业科学,34(1):1～4.
汪忠华.1993.横坡分带压茬垄作玉米的增产效果和对土壤肥力的影响研究.耕作与栽培,(l):57～62.
王长清,刘子众,田继刚等. 1998.冷浸烂泥田水稻羊作覆膜栽培试验示范.湖北农业科学, (4):3～34.
王超,魏永霞,王立敏等.2005.节水抗旱技术集成对大豆产量及干物质积累影响研究.农业系统科学与综合研究,21(3):204～206.
王晨阳,朱云集,夏国军.1998.氮肥后移对超高产小麦产量及生理特性的影响.作物学报,24 (6):978～983.
王法宏,冯波,王旭清.2003.国内外免耕技术应用概况.山东农业科学,(6):49～53.
王法宏,刘世军,王旭清等. 1999.小麦垄作栽培技术的生态生理效应.山东农业科学, (4):4～7.
王法宏,任德昌,王旭清.2001.施肥对小麦根系活性、延缓旗叶衰老及产量的效应.麦类作物学报,12 (3):51～54.
王和洲,陈金平,孟兆江,汪俊方等.2004.豫东平原垄播沟植麦棉套作耕作栽培试验研究.灌溉排水学报,23(5):10~13.
王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法.2002.生物化学(第三版,下册).北京:高等教育出版社,197～229.
王立秋,王文元.1996.水肥措施对春小麦产量及其构成因素的影响.国外农学:麦类作物,(6):40～43.
王立秋,王占宇.1997.水肥因子对小麦籽粒及面包烘烤品质的影响.中国农业科学,30(3):67～73.
王连敏,李文雄,曾寒冰.1990.小麦旗叶解剖构造、光合能力与粒重的关系.国外农学-麦类作物,(2):37～40.
王小亮,袁汉民,陈东升等.2005.宁夏引黄灌区春小麦垄作节水栽培技术研究.宁夏农林科技,(3):15～17.
王晓楠,付连双,李卓夫等.2009.低温驯化及封冻阶段不同冬小麦品种叶绿素荧光参数的比较.麦类作物学报,29(1) :83～88.
王旭清,王法宏,董玉红等. 2005.不同种植方式麦田生态效应研究.中国生态农业学报,13(3):119～122.
王旭清,王法宏,董玉红等.2002.小麦垄作栽培的肥水效应及光能利用分析.山东农业科学, (4):3～5.
王旭清,王法宏,李升东等. 2003.垄作栽培对小麦产量和品质的影响,山东农业科学, (6):15～17.
王旭清,王法宏,任德昌等.2001.作物垄作栽培增产机理及技术研究进展.山东农业利学, (3):4～45.
王旭清,王法宏,于振文等. 2005.垄作栽培对冬小麦根系活力和旗叶衰老的影响.麦类作物学报,25(l):55～60.
王月福,姜东,于振文等.2003.氮素水平对小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其生理基础.中国农业科学,36(5):513～520.
王月福,于振文,李尚霞等.2002.施氮量对小麦籽粒蛋白组分及加工品质的影响.中国农业科学,35(9):1071～1078.
吴安昌,黄正来.2010.追氮时期对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响, 30(2):342～345.
吴清丽,,高茂盛,廖允成,温晓霞.2009.氮素对冬小麦光合物质贮运及籽粒灌浆进程的影响干旱地区农业研究,27(2):120~124.
伍维模,李世清.2006.施氮对不同基因型冬小麦氮素吸收及干物质分配和产量的影响.塔里木大学学报,18(2):5～11.
肖凯,张荣铣,钱维朴.1997.杂种小麦碳同化特性及籽粒产量性状的研究.中国农业科学,30 (5):34～41.
徐惠风,刘兴士,金研铭等.2003.向日葵叶片叶绿素和比叶重及其产量研究.农业系统科学与综合研究,19(2):97～100.
徐竹生,刘道宏.1986.水稻叶片衰老的研究.叶片衰老期间叶绿素、脯氨酸及乙烯产量的变化.华中农业大学学报,5(01):33～39.
许振柱,于振文.2003.土壤水分对小麦籽粒淀粉合成和积累特性的影响.作物学报,29(4):595～600.
宣亚南,吴源英,贾高峰等.1996.小麦旗叶展开后氮肥对光合能力的调控及其与粒重的关系.南京农业大学学报,19(4):5～9.
薛裕,吴小平,冯彩平.1997.不同氮素水平对旱地小麦叶片叶绿素和糖含量的影响及其与产量的关系.干旱地区农业研究,15(1):79～84.
杨洪宾,徐成忠,黄九柏等. 2005.小麦垄作对冬前土壤物理性状及小麦生长发育的影响.山东农业科学, (4):23～24.
杨萍果,周进财,张定一.2002.氮肥施用量对冬小麦产量和品质的影响.山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):206～208.
杨晴,李雁明,肖凯等.2002.不同施氮量对小麦旗叶衰老特性和产量性状的影响.河北农业大学学报,25(4):20～24.
杨延兵,高荣岐,尹燕枰,张春庆,管延安.2005.氮素与品种对小麦产量和品质性状的效应麦类作物学报,25(6):78～81.
叶济宇.1992.叶绿体的电子传递.植物生理与分子生理学.北京:北京农业出版社.177～190.
叶勇,高如先.1995.连作大豆松沟倒茬耕作及机械化种管收技术.农业科技通讯, (3):12～13.
岳俊芹,邵运辉,陈远凯等.2006.不同播种方式对耕层土壤水分及冬小麦生理特性的影响.华北农学报,21(5):17～19.
岳寿松,于振文,余松烈,许玉敏.1997.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦旗叶衰老和粒重的影响.中国农业科学,30(2):42～46.
岳寿松,于振文,余松烈等.1998.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦氮肥分配及叶片代谢的影响.作物学报,24(6):811～815.
岳寿松,于振文.1997.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦旗叶衰老和粒重的影响.中国农业科学,30(2):42～46.
张保军,樊虎玲.2002.环境条件对小麦蛋白质的影响研究进展.水土保持研究,9(2):61～63.
张春霞,马文彪,王应等.!992.旱薄地起垄覆盖耕作法研究.山西农业科学,4:8～10.
张皆禄,李少泉.l994.水稻垄作栽培增产效应成因研究.西农学报,(1) :1～9.
张雷明,上官周平,毛明策等.2003.长期施氮对旱地小麦灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数的影响.应用生态学报,14(5:695～698.
张其德,卢从明,张群等.1997.不同氮素水平下CO2倍增对大豆叶片荧光诱导动力学参数的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,3(1):24～29.
张荣华,何庸,孙广玉. 1996.大豆宽台栽培与垄作耕层温度调查..现代化农业,(7):13～14.
张守仁.1999.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论.植物学通报,16(4):444～448.
张秀,苏金生.2000.垄作与平作油菜产量及效益分析.现代化农业, (10):19.
张翼涛,李硕碧.1991.不同栽培条件与小麦籽粒品质的关系.干旱地区农业研究, (2):16～21.
赵广才,刘利华,张艳等.2002.氮肥运筹对超高产小麦群体质量、根系分布、产量和品质的效应.华北农学报,17(4):82～87.
赵明,姜雯.2005.Differences between maize and wheat for non-photochemical quenching (qN) during Photosynthetic-Induction.作物学报,31 (12):1544～1551.
郑不尧.1992.作物生理学导论.北京农业大学出版社,121～127.
周苏玫,李潮海,常思敏等.2000.起垄栽培对夏玉米生态环境及生长发育的影响.河南农业人学学报,34(3):206～209.
朱云集,崔金梅,郭天财等.1998.温麦6号生育规律及超高产栽培关键技术.作物学报,26(6):947～951.
2003.小麦垄作栽培技术.中国农业信息, (11):38～39.
Agustin Limon-Ortega,KennethD,Syare,etal. 2000 Wheat nitrogen use effieiency in abed Planting System in Northwest Mexico.Agronomy Journal,92(2):303～308.
ALEXANDER V R, PETER H.1995.Regulation of Nonphotochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Pplants.Aust. J. Plant Physiol,22:221～230.
Aquino P.1997.The Adoption of Raised Bed-Planting System to Wheat.CIMMYT.Wheat Special.RePort..
Banziger M,Feil B Stamp P .1994.Competition between Nitrogen Accumulation and Grain Groqth for Carbohydrates during Grain Filling of Wheat.Crop Science,35(2):433～445
Burrows W C.1963.Characterization of Soil Temperature Distribution form Various Tillage-induced Microreliesf.Soil Science Society of America Proceeding, (27);350～353.
Cox M C, Qualset C O, Rains D W. 1985.Genetic Variation for Nitrogen as Similation andTtranslocation in Wheat, Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation.Crop Science,25:430~435.
Dechard,E.L.,1978.R.H.Busch,Crop Sci.,18:289～293
Demmig-Adams B,AdamsⅢWW. 1996.Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Assess the
Fraction of Absorbed Sight Allocated to Thermal Dissipation of Excess Excitation. Physiol. Plant,98:253~264.
Desai ,R M,Bhatia,A C R1978Nitrogen up Take and Nitrogen Harvest Index in Durum Wheat Cultivars Varying in their Grain Protein Concentration.Euphytica ,27:561~566. HeH,Hoseney R C.1992.Effect of the Quantity of Wheat Flour Protein on Bread Loaf Volume.Cereal Chem,69:17~19.
Lal R.1990.Ridge-tillage Soil&Tillage Research, (18);107~111.
Lawlor D W,Kontturi M, Young AT.1989.Photosynthesis by Flag Leaves of Wheat in Relation
toPprotein, Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activity and Nitrogen Supply.J. Expt. Bot, 40: 43~52.
LIU X H(刘兴海),WANG SHA(王树安).1986.Studies on the principles of stress resistance techniques on winter wheat cultivation.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(华北农大学报), 1(4):8～14.
M Tiseaerno-LpezA D Bae-zGonazlez,M VelazPuez-Valle,K N Poetter,et al. 1999.Agricultral Research for Watershed Rstoration in Central Mexieo.Journal of Soil and Water Consevration,54(4);686～692.
Mcmullan P M,Mcvetty P B E ,Urquhart A A. 1988.Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and their Relationship to Grain Yield and Grain Protein.Canada Journal of Plant Science,68:311. MI Guo-hua,TANG Li,ZHANG Fu-suo.2002.Carbohydrate storage and utilization during grain filling as regulated by nitrogen Appleton in two wheat cultivars.Journal of Plant Nutrition,25(2);213～222.
P.R Hobbs,K.D.Syare,J.L.Ortiz-monasterio.1998.Increasing wheat Yield Sustainably Through Agronomic Means.Natural Resources Group..
PartonW J,MORGAN J A,ALTENHOFEN J Metal.1988.Ammonia volatilization from spring wheat plants.Agron.J,80;419～425.
Pepler S, Gooding M J, Ellis R H. 2006.Modeling Simultaneously Water Content and Dry Matter Dynamics of Wheat Grains.Field Crops Research,95(1):49~63.
Peterson C J,R A Graybosch,P S Baenziger,et al. 1992.Geno Type and Environment Effects on Quality Characteristics of Hard Red WinterWheat.Crop Sci,32:98~103.
Pierre Bancal. 2008.Positive contribution on Stem Growth to Grain Number Perspike in Wheat. Field Crops Research,105:27~39.
Pomeranz Y,C J Peterson,P J Marttern.1985.Hardness of Winter Wheat Grown Under Widely Different Climatic Conditions. Cereal Chem,62(6):463~467.
Prystupa,Roxan.2004. Rain Number and its Relationship With Dry Matter, N and P in the Spikes at Heading in Response to NXP Fertilization in Barley. Field Crop Reseurch,90:245~254.
Randall CR.1990.Extension Programs and Afrmer Experiences with Ridge tillage.Soil&Tillage Researeh, (18);283～293.
Sapirstein H D, Fu B X.1998 .Intercultivar variation of thequantity of monomeric proteins, soluble and insolubleglutenin,and residue protein in wheat flour and relationships to breadmaking quality. Cereal Chemistry,75(4);500-507.
Sayre,O,H.Moreno Ramos.1997.Applieations of Raised Bed-planting system to Wheat CIMMYT,Whea Special Report,12.
Sinclair T R,Jamieson P D. 2006. Rain Number, wheat Yyield,and Bottling beer:an Analysis. Field Crops Research,98:60~67.
Singh A K,Jain G L. 2000.Effect Sowing Time, Irrigation and Nitrogen on Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat(Triticum durum) . Indian Journal of Agricultural Science,70(8):532~533.
Singhnk,DONOVAN GR,Batey,et al. 1990.Use of Sonication and Size-exclusion High-performance Liquid Chromatography in the Study of Wheat Glourproteins Dissolution of total Proteins in the Absence of Reducin Gagents.CerealChem,67(2);150～161.
Wang C,KOVACS M I.2002.P.S.Welling Index of Glutenin Test I Method and comparison with Sedimentation, Ge-protein,and Insoluble Glutenin test.Cereal Chem,79(2);183～189.
Wang C,KOVACS M I.2002.P.S.Welling Index of Glutenin TestⅡ.Application Inpredication of Dough Properties and end-use quality Cereal Chem,79(2):190~196.
Willekens H, Vancamp W, LNZE D,et al. 1994.Ozone,Sulfurdioxide, and Ozone U ltravioletB Have Similar Effect on mRNA Accumulation of Antioxidant Genes in Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia L.Plant Physiol,106:1 007~1 014.
Woolhouse H W. 1974.Longevity and Senscence in Plants.Oxford Sci. Prog (London), , 61:123~147.
Zeleny L.1947.A Simple Sedimentation Test for Estimating the Bread-baking and Glute Qualities of Wheat Flour. Cereal Chem,24;465~475.
曹翠玲,李生秀.2003.施氮水平对小麦生殖生长时期旗叶净光合速率、NR活性和核酸含量及产量的影响.植物学通报,20(3):319~324.
曹乃军.2005.小麦垄作机械化栽培技术.农机科技推广, (2):36.
崔光辉等.1997.水稻垄作稻一菇一鱼立体共生复合群体结构模式的研究.现代化农业, (2):7～8.
戴德.1999.高寒山区冷浸田水稻半旱式免耕羊作技术德增产机理.农业科技通讯, (8):26～27.
党占海,张俊儒.2004.啤酒大麦垄畦沟灌竹水栽培技术研究初报.大麦科学, (2):25～28.
董彩霞,赵世杰,田纪春等.2002.不同浓度的硝酸盐对高蛋白小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响.作物学报,28(1):59～64.
高明,车福才,魏朝富等. !998.垄作免耕稻田水稻根系生长状况的研究.土壤通报,29(5):236～238.
高明,张磊,魏朝富等.2004.稻田长期垄作免耕对水稻产量及土壤肥力德影响研究.植物营养与肥料学报,10(4):343一345,354.
高明,周保同,魏朝富等.2004.不同耕作方式对稻田土壤动物、微生物及酶活性的影响研究.应用生态学报,15(7):1177～1181.
高翔,董剑,庞红喜.2002.小麦高产品种籽料灌浆与粒重的关系.西北农业学报,11(3):33～35.
葛江丽,石雷.2007.盐胁迫条件下甜高粱幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节.作物学报,33(8):1272～1278.
郭传贵,陈先荣.2002.小麦追肥时期对其产量性状的影响.安徽农业科学,30(2):267-268.
郭天财,冯伟,赵会杰等.2004.两种穗型冬小麦品种旗叶光合特性及氮素调控效应.作物学报,30(2): 115～121.
郭天财,贺德先,王志和.1995.小麦穗粒重研究进展.小麦穗粒重研究.北京:中国农业出版社,1～15.
郭天财,王之杰,胡廷积.2001.不同穗型小麦品种群体光合特性及产量性状的研究.作物学报,27(5):633～639.
郭天财,王之杰,王永华.2002.不同穗型小麦品种旗叶光合作用日变化的研究.西北植物学报,22(3):554～560.
郭天财,岳艳军等.2007.追氮时期对冬小麦籽粒灌浆及淀粉特性的影响.麦类作物学报,27(5):836-840.
郭文善,严六零,封超年等.1995.小麦源库协调栽培途径的研究.江苏农学院学报,16(1):33～37.
贺明荣,杨雯玉,王晓英等.2005.不同氮肥运筹模式对冬小麦籽粒产量品质和氮肥利用率的影响.作物学报,31(8):1047～1051.
黄昌勇.2000.土壤学.北京:农业出版社.
黄庆裕. l995.水稻垄作栽培的关键技术及其效应分析.厂西农业科学,(4):!51～152.
惠红霞,许兴,李前荣.2003.外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下枸杞光合功能的改善.西北植物学报, 23(12):2 137～2 422.
姜丽娜,邵云,金毓翠等.2002.氮肥施用时期与比例对超高产冬小麦干物质积累及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,22(2):70~73.
金德星.2004.水稻垄作栽培技术的应用效果.垦殖与稻作,(6):23～24. 金善宝主编.1994.中国小麦学,北京:中国农业出版社.
康国章,王永华,郭天财,朱云集. 2003.氮素施用对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.作物学报,29(1):82～-86.
康国章,郭天财,朱云集等.2000.不同生育时期追氮对超高产小麦生育后期光合特性及产量的影响.河南农业大学学报,34(2):103～106.
李鸿恩.1992.中国小麦种质资源主要品质鉴定.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,23.
李珊珊,赵广才,常旭虹等.2008追氮时期对强筋小麦产量、品质及其相关生理指标的影响.麦类作物学报,28(3):461～465.
李霞,刘友良,焦德茂.2002.不同高产水稻品种叶片的荧光参数的日变化和光适应特性的关系.作物学报,28(2):145～153.
李友军,付国占,史国安,郭香凤,郭天财.1997.前氮后移施肥对冬小麦旗叶活性氧代谢和子粒产量的影响.河南农业大学学报,31(3):221～225.
李跃伟,孙慕芳.2005.小麦垄作栽培技术.河南农业,(7): 23.
梁新华,许兴,徐兆桢等.2001.干旱对春小麦旗叶叶绿素a荧光动力学特征及产量关系的影响.干旱地区农业研究,19(3):72～77.
林世青,许春辉,张其德等.1992.叶绿素荧光动力学在植物抗逆性生理学、生态学和农业现代化中的应用.植物学通报,9(1):1～16.
林素兰.1997.环境条件及栽培技术对小麦品质的影响.辽宁农业科学,(2):30～31.
刘广田,许明辉.1990.小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基的遗传研究II,控制基因的染色体定位及其与SDS沉淀值的关系.北京农业大学学报,16(1):27～31.
刘建松.2002.水稻垄作栽培应用效果研究.中国农学通报,18(6):16～17.
刘目兴,王静爱,严平等. 2005.垄作对旱作农田油菜生长发与的影响研究.干早地区农业研究,23(5):l～6.
刘淑贞,曹广才.1989.冬型小麦品种开花至成熟的气候条件对籽粒蛋白质含量影响.耕作与栽培, (6):60～62.
刘晓冰,王光华,杨恕平等.1998.不同施肥水平对春小麦籽粒淀粉、蛋白质积累的影响.农业现代化研究,19(3):187～189.
刘阳,李吾强,温晓霞,廖允成.2008.玉米秸秆还田对接茬冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响.西北农业学报,17(2):80～85.
刘振亚,刘贞奇.1993.作物光合作用的遗传及其在育种中的应用研究进展.作物育种研究与进展(第1集).北京;北京农业出版社,168～183.
卢庆陶,李卫华,蒋高明等.2001.Studies on the Characteristics of Chlorophyll fluo Rescence of Winter Wheat Flag Leaves at Different Developing Stages,植物学报,43(8):801～804.
马东辉,王月福,周华等.2007.氮肥和花后土壤含水量对小麦干物质积累、运转及产量的影响.麦类作物学报,27(5):847～851.
苗艳芳,常爱芬.1999.氮肥分配比例对小麦产量及群体质量的影响.麦类作物学报,19(4):43～45.
牛立元,茹振钢.1999.小麦叶片叶绿素含量系统变化规律研究.麦类作物学报,19(2):36～38.
潘洁,姜东,曹卫星等.2005.小麦穗籽粒数、单粒重及单粒蛋白质含量的小穗位和粒位效应.作物学报,31(4):431～437.
潘庆民,于振文,田奇卓,王月福,刘万兴,王瑞英.1998.追氮时期对超高产冬小麦旗叶和根系麦系的影响.作物学报,24(6):924～929.
潘庆民,于振文,王月福,余松烈.2002.追氮时期对小麦旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解的影响.中国农业科学,35(7):771～776.
潘庆民,于振文.2002.追氮时期对冬小麦籽粒品质和产量的影响麦类作物学报,22(2):65～69.
彭永欣,姜学中,郭文善等. 1992.氮素营养对小麦籽粒产量与品质调控效应的研究.小麦栽培与生理.东南大学出版社,127～144.
茜大彬,张贵民.1989.肥水条件对小麦加工品质效应的研究.华北农学报,4(1):35～40.
秦武发,董永华.张彩英等.1996.开花后喷施植物生长调节物质对小麦籽粒千粒重、蛋白质含量和沉降值的影响.植物生理学通讯,32(2):124～125.
邱林静.2007.旱地不同栽培模式和施肥方法对小麦光合产物积累运转的影响.土壤通报,38(3)5:13~518
任德昌,王法宏,王旭清等.2000.冬小麦垄作高产栽培技术增产效应及增产机理.耕作与栽培,5:10～11.
上官周平.1997.小麦叶片光合作用对不同干旱方式的反应.西北农业学报,6(4):38～41.
尚兴甲,王梅芳,张兰稳等.2003.冬小麦不同时期追施尿素的效果.核农学报,17(6):485～487.
邵立刚.2006.黑龙江省小麦的生产现状及发展策略.黑龙江农业科学,(2):18～19.
申丽霞,王璞.2003.氮素供应对优质专用小麦产量和品质的影响.作物杂志,3:24～26.
宋任祥,钱兆国,王鑫等.2003.追氮运筹对优质小麦光合速率及产量的影响.安徽农业科学,31(1):135～136.
苏珮,蒋纪云,王春虎.1993.小麦蛋白组分的连续提取分离法及提取时间的选择.河南职技师院学报,21(2):1～4.
孙建昌,袁汉民,陈东升等.2005.宁夏引黄灌区垄作条件下冬小麦相关性变化研究.宁夏农林科技, (5):3～5.
孙羲. 1995.植物营养原理.中国农业出版社,1～13.
台沐云.2003.小麦机械垄作栽培技术.中国农技推广,(3):52～53.
田纪春,陈建省,王延训,张永祥.2001.氮素追肥后移对小麦籽粒产量和旗叶光合特性的影响.中国农业科学,34(1):1～4.
汪忠华.1993.横坡分带压茬垄作玉米的增产效果和对土壤肥力的影响研究.耕作与栽培,(l):57～62.
王长清,刘子众,田继刚等. 1998.冷浸烂泥田水稻羊作覆膜栽培试验示范.湖北农业科学, (4):3～34.
王超,魏永霞,王立敏等.2005.节水抗旱技术集成对大豆产量及干物质积累影响研究.农业系统科学与综合研究,21(3):204～206.
王晨阳,朱云集,夏国军.1998.氮肥后移对超高产小麦产量及生理特性的影响.作物学报,24 (6):978～983.
王法宏,冯波,王旭清.2003.国内外免耕技术应用概况.山东农业科学,(6):49～53.
王法宏,刘世军,王旭清等. 1999.小麦垄作栽培技术的生态生理效应.山东农业科学, (4):4～7.
王法宏,任德昌,王旭清.2001.施肥对小麦根系活性、延缓旗叶衰老及产量的效应.麦类作物学报,12 (3):51～54.
王和洲,陈金平,孟兆江,汪俊方等.2004.豫东平原垄播沟植麦棉套作耕作栽培试验研究.灌溉排水学报,23(5):10~13.
王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法.2002.生物化学(第三版,下册).北京:高等教育出版社,197～229.
王立秋,王文元.1996.水肥措施对春小麦产量及其构成因素的影响.国外农学:麦类作物,(6):40～43.
王立秋,王占宇.1997.水肥因子对小麦籽粒及面包烘烤品质的影响.中国农业科学,30(3):67～73.
王连敏,李文雄,曾寒冰.1990.小麦旗叶解剖构造、光合能力与粒重的关系.国外农学-麦类作物,(2):37～40.
王小亮,袁汉民,陈东升等.2005.宁夏引黄灌区春小麦垄作节水栽培技术研究.宁夏农林科技,(3):15～17.
王晓楠,付连双,李卓夫等.2009.低温驯化及封冻阶段不同冬小麦品种叶绿素荧光参数的比较.麦类作物学报,29(1) :83～88.
王旭清,王法宏,董玉红等. 2005.不同种植方式麦田生态效应研究.中国生态农业学报,13(3):119～122.
王旭清,王法宏,董玉红等.2002.小麦垄作栽培的肥水效应及光能利用分析.山东农业科学, (4):3～5.
王旭清,王法宏,李升东等. 2003.垄作栽培对小麦产量和品质的影响,山东农业科学, (6):15～17.
王旭清,王法宏,任德昌等.2001.作物垄作栽培增产机理及技术研究进展.山东农业利学, (3):4～45.
王旭清,王法宏,于振文等. 2005.垄作栽培对冬小麦根系活力和旗叶衰老的影响.麦类作物学报,25(l):55～60.
王月福,姜东,于振文等.2003.氮素水平对小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响及其生理基础.中国农业科学,36(5):513～520.
王月福,于振文,李尚霞等.2002.施氮量对小麦籽粒蛋白组分及加工品质的影响.中国农业科学,35(9):1071～1078.
吴安昌,黄正来.2010.追氮时期对不同小麦品种光合特性和产量的影响, 30(2):342～345.
吴清丽,,高茂盛,廖允成,温晓霞.2009.氮素对冬小麦光合物质贮运及籽粒灌浆进程的影响干旱地区农业研究,27(2):120~124.
伍维模,李世清.2006.施氮对不同基因型冬小麦氮素吸收及干物质分配和产量的影响.塔里木大学学报,18(2):5～11.
肖凯,张荣铣,钱维朴.1997.杂种小麦碳同化特性及籽粒产量性状的研究.中国农业科学,30 (5):34～41.
徐惠风,刘兴士,金研铭等.2003.向日葵叶片叶绿素和比叶重及其产量研究.农业系统科学与综合研究,19(2):97～100.
徐竹生,刘道宏.1986.水稻叶片衰老的研究.叶片衰老期间叶绿素、脯氨酸及乙烯产量的变化.华中农业大学学报,5(01):33～39.
许振柱,于振文.2003.土壤水分对小麦籽粒淀粉合成和积累特性的影响.作物学报,29(4):595～600.
宣亚南,吴源英,贾高峰等.1996.小麦旗叶展开后氮肥对光合能力的调控及其与粒重的关系.南京农业大学学报,19(4):5～9.
薛裕,吴小平,冯彩平.1997.不同氮素水平对旱地小麦叶片叶绿素和糖含量的影响及其与产量的关系.干旱地区农业研究,15(1):79～84.
杨洪宾,徐成忠,黄九柏等. 2005.小麦垄作对冬前土壤物理性状及小麦生长发育的影响.山东农业科学, (4):23～24.
杨萍果,周进财,张定一.2002.氮肥施用量对冬小麦产量和品质的影响.山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),22(3):206～208.
杨晴,李雁明,肖凯等.2002.不同施氮量对小麦旗叶衰老特性和产量性状的影响.河北农业大学学报,25(4):20～24.
杨延兵,高荣岐,尹燕枰,张春庆,管延安.2005.氮素与品种对小麦产量和品质性状的效应麦类作物学报,25(6):78～81.
叶济宇.1992.叶绿体的电子传递.植物生理与分子生理学.北京:北京农业出版社.177～190.
叶勇,高如先.1995.连作大豆松沟倒茬耕作及机械化种管收技术.农业科技通讯, (3):12～13.
岳俊芹,邵运辉,陈远凯等.2006.不同播种方式对耕层土壤水分及冬小麦生理特性的影响.华北农学报,21(5):17～19.
岳寿松,于振文,余松烈,许玉敏.1997.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦旗叶衰老和粒重的影响.中国农业科学,30(2):42～46.
岳寿松,于振文,余松烈等.1998.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦氮肥分配及叶片代谢的影响.作物学报,24(6):811～815.
岳寿松,于振文.1997.不同生育时期施氮对冬小麦旗叶衰老和粒重的影响.中国农业科学,30(2):42～46.
张保军,樊虎玲.2002.环境条件对小麦蛋白质的影响研究进展.水土保持研究,9(2):61～63.
张春霞,马文彪,王应等.!992.旱薄地起垄覆盖耕作法研究.山西农业科学,4:8～10.
张皆禄,李少泉.l994.水稻垄作栽培增产效应成因研究.西农学报,(1) :1～9.
张雷明,上官周平,毛明策等.2003.长期施氮对旱地小麦灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数的影响.应用生态学报,14(5:695～698.
张其德,卢从明,张群等.1997.不同氮素水平下CO2倍增对大豆叶片荧光诱导动力学参数的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,3(1):24～29.
张荣华,何庸,孙广玉. 1996.大豆宽台栽培与垄作耕层温度调查..现代化农业,(7):13～14.
张守仁.1999.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论.植物学通报,16(4):444～448.
张秀,苏金生.2000.垄作与平作油菜产量及效益分析.现代化农业, (10):19.
张翼涛,李硕碧.1991.不同栽培条件与小麦籽粒品质的关系.干旱地区农业研究, (2):16～21.
赵广才,刘利华,张艳等.2002.氮肥运筹对超高产小麦群体质量、根系分布、产量和品质的效应.华北农学报,17(4):82～87.
赵明,姜雯.2005.Differences between maize and wheat for non-photochemical quenching (qN) during Photosynthetic-Induction.作物学报,31 (12):1544～1551.
郑不尧.1992.作物生理学导论.北京农业大学出版社,121～127.
周苏玫,李潮海,常思敏等.2000.起垄栽培对夏玉米生态环境及生长发育的影响.河南农业人学学报,34(3):206～209.
朱云集,崔金梅,郭天财等.1998.温麦6号生育规律及超高产栽培关键技术.作物学报,26(6):947～951.
2003.小麦垄作栽培技术.中国农业信息, (11):38～39.
Agustin Limon-Ortega,KennethD,Syare,etal. 2000 Wheat nitrogen use effieiency in abed Planting System in Northwest Mexico.Agronomy Journal,92(2):303～308.
ALEXANDER V R, PETER H.1995.Regulation of Nonphotochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Pplants.Aust. J. Plant Physiol,22:221～230.
Aquino P.1997.The Adoption of Raised Bed-Planting System to Wheat.CIMMYT.Wheat Special.RePort..
Banziger M,Feil B Stamp P .1994.Competition between Nitrogen Accumulation and Grain Groqth for Carbohydrates during Grain Filling of Wheat.Crop Science,35(2):433～445
Burrows W C.1963.Characterization of Soil Temperature Distribution form Various Tillage-induced Microreliesf.Soil Science Society of America Proceeding, (27);350～353.
Cox M C, Qualset C O, Rains D W. 1985.Genetic Variation for Nitrogen as Similation andTtranslocation in Wheat, Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation.Crop Science,25:430~435.
Dechard,E.L.,1978.R.H.Busch,Crop Sci.,18:289～293
Demmig-Adams B,AdamsⅢWW. 1996.Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence to Assess the
Fraction of Absorbed Sight Allocated to Thermal Dissipation of Excess Excitation. Physiol. Plant,98:253~264.
Desai ,R M,Bhatia,A C R1978Nitrogen up Take and Nitrogen Harvest Index in Durum Wheat Cultivars Varying in their Grain Protein Concentration.Euphytica ,27:561~566. HeH,Hoseney R C.1992.Effect of the Quantity of Wheat Flour Protein on Bread Loaf Volume.Cereal Chem,69:17~19.
Lal R.1990.Ridge-tillage Soil&Tillage Research, (18);107~111.
Lawlor D W,Kontturi M, Young AT.1989.Photosynthesis by Flag Leaves of Wheat in Relation
toPprotein, Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Activity and Nitrogen Supply.J. Expt. Bot, 40: 43~52.
LIU X H(刘兴海),WANG SHA(王树安).1986.Studies on the principles of stress resistance techniques on winter wheat cultivation.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica(华北农大学报), 1(4):8～14.
M Tiseaerno-LpezA D Bae-zGonazlez,M VelazPuez-Valle,K N Poetter,et al. 1999.Agricultral Research for Watershed Rstoration in Central Mexieo.Journal of Soil and Water Consevration,54(4);686～692.
Mcmullan P M,Mcvetty P B E ,Urquhart A A. 1988.Dry Matter and Nitrogen Accumulation and their Relationship to Grain Yield and Grain Protein.Canada Journal of Plant Science,68:311. MI Guo-hua,TANG Li,ZHANG Fu-suo.2002.Carbohydrate storage and utilization during grain filling as regulated by nitrogen Appleton in two wheat cultivars.Journal of Plant Nutrition,25(2);213～222.
P.R Hobbs,K.D.Syare,J.L.Ortiz-monasterio.1998.Increasing wheat Yield Sustainably Through Agronomic Means.Natural Resources Group..
PartonW J,MORGAN J A,ALTENHOFEN J Metal.1988.Ammonia volatilization from spring wheat plants.Agron.J,80;419～425.
Pepler S, Gooding M J, Ellis R H. 2006.Modeling Simultaneously Water Content and Dry Matter Dynamics of Wheat Grains.Field Crops Research,95(1):49~63.
Peterson C J,R A Graybosch,P S Baenziger,et al. 1992.Geno Type and Environment Effects on Quality Characteristics of Hard Red WinterWheat.Crop Sci,32:98~103.
Pierre Bancal. 2008.Positive contribution on Stem Growth to Grain Number Perspike in Wheat. Field Crops Research,105:27~39.
Pomeranz Y,C J Peterson,P J Marttern.1985.Hardness of Winter Wheat Grown Under Widely Different Climatic Conditions. Cereal Chem,62(6):463~467.
Prystupa,Roxan.2004. Rain Number and its Relationship With Dry Matter, N and P in the Spikes at Heading in Response to NXP Fertilization in Barley. Field Crop Reseurch,90:245~254.
Randall CR.1990.Extension Programs and Afrmer Experiences with Ridge tillage.Soil&Tillage Researeh, (18);283～293.
Sapirstein H D, Fu B X.1998 .Intercultivar variation of thequantity of monomeric proteins, soluble and insolubleglutenin,and residue protein in wheat flour and relationships to breadmaking quality. Cereal Chemistry,75(4);500-507.
Sayre,O,H.Moreno Ramos.1997.Applieations of Raised Bed-planting system to Wheat CIMMYT,Whea Special Report,12.
Sinclair T R,Jamieson P D. 2006. Rain Number, wheat Yyield,and Bottling beer:an Analysis. Field Crops Research,98:60~67.
Singh A K,Jain G L. 2000.Effect Sowing Time, Irrigation and Nitrogen on Yield and Quality of Durum Wheat(Triticum durum) . Indian Journal of Agricultural Science,70(8):532~533.
Singhnk,DONOVAN GR,Batey,et al. 1990.Use of Sonication and Size-exclusion High-performance Liquid Chromatography in the Study of Wheat Glourproteins Dissolution of total Proteins in the Absence of Reducin Gagents.CerealChem,67(2);150～161.
Wang C,KOVACS M I.2002.P.S.Welling Index of Glutenin Test I Method and comparison with Sedimentation, Ge-protein,and Insoluble Glutenin test.Cereal Chem,79(2);183～189.
Wang C,KOVACS M I.2002.P.S.Welling Index of Glutenin TestⅡ.Application Inpredication of Dough Properties and end-use quality Cereal Chem,79(2):190~196.
Willekens H, Vancamp W, LNZE D,et al. 1994.Ozone,Sulfurdioxide, and Ozone U ltravioletB Have Similar Effect on mRNA Accumulation of Antioxidant Genes in Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia L.Plant Physiol,106:1 007~1 014.
Woolhouse H W. 1974.Longevity and Senscence in Plants.Oxford Sci. Prog (London), , 61:123~147.
Zeleny L.1947.A Simple Sedimentation Test for Estimating the Bread-baking and Glute Qualities of Wheat Flour. Cereal Chem,24;465~475.