摘要
通过对机械式多梳栉经编机的机构和运动分析,配合对氨纶面料的加工工艺,研制了基于电脑的多梳栉经编机。
传统的多梳栉经编机的执行机构要求加工精度高、结构复杂。通过对步进电机的运动特性分析,结合滚珠丝杆的高效性和同步性好,提出了用步进电机滚珠丝杆驱动梳栉,再由控制系统补偿误差的办法,简化了机构,试验结果表明执行机构能满足经编机加工的要求。
控制系统由MCS8032扩展程序存储器和数据存储器,从而有足够的存储单元存储多种经编花型的数据,缩短了经编加工的辅助时间,用霍尔元件作为梳栉动作开始输入信号,运用了绝对编码器反馈,有效的补偿了步进电机的失步。步进电机驱动器运用了高低压驱动电路,光电隔离信号输入/输出,设有电压过低、过热及过流保护,提高了步进电机的可靠性。
步进电机的升降速用软件查表的方式,按阶梯升降速达到快速定位的目的。软件设有断点保护程序,确保当意外停机时,保存当前的加工参数,以便再开机时能继续中断的工作。
在工厂现场的实际测试中,增加了系统的抗干扰措施。使系统能在电磁场强的场所稳定工作。
实验结果表明,控制系统能稳定地工作,执行加工准确地完成要求的动作。
The Multibar Machine based on computer is developed by kinematic analysis of pattern guide bar chain links in multi-guide bar machines.
The actuator is complex and manufactured accurately in the exiting mulitbar machine. Stepping motors can turn with certain angel controlled by computer. Ball screw work effectively and synchronously. Stepping motor and ball screw are use to force bar in multibar machine. If there are some position errors, the controlling system compares errors. It is result on experiment that executive framework work correctly.
The controlling system is composed by MCS51, program storage and data storage and so on. It affords enough capacity for many data that contain some pattern in order to reduce assistant-process time. The sensor is used as a signal-import. The signal that reflect stepping motor lost step is position feedback thought absolute type encoder. Using this sign, the controlling system drive stepping motor to compensate the lost step. Stepping motor driver has some function. When stepping motor is too hot driver can turn power off. When driver begin to drive stepping motor driver afford high voltage and when driver maintain the stepping motor rotor the driver supple low voltage. Signal-import and signal-export are passed on photoelectric element.
Computation method is introduced on raiding and reducing speed of stepping motor. The design process of speed control software is discussed and a particular plan on speed control within short distance is put forth. The method has advantages of feasibility, reliability and smooth. When the process is stopped suddenly the position condition can storage in program. When condition is correct the work can be continuous.
The control system is interfered with by electromagnetic means in work. Electromagnetic shielding is used to sure the controlling system work correctly.
It is resulted on experiment that controlling system had advantages of feasibility and reliability. Actuator can be easily controlled by controlling system so as to get high precision.
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